PRODUCTION OF APPLE JUICE AT LOW TEMPERATURE PROCESSING BY ULTRAFILTRATION

1. Across Washer

Input Streams
Stream l1
m = 3333.33 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Fiber=

0.0432 x 3.72

= 0.15509 kj/kg.K

Dissolved Solids = 0.1250 x 1.1827 = 0.1382 kj/kg.K

Aroma

= 0.0001 x 3.0006 = 0.0003 kj/kg.K

Water

= 0.8317 x 4.18

Total Cp

= 3.7850 kj/kg.K

= 3.4765 kj/kg.K

Total Q:
T1 = 298.15K
T2 = 298.15K
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 3333.33 x 3.7850 x (298.15 298.15) = 0 kj/kg

Stream l2
m = 350 kg/hr
Cp of stream

Energy Balance

Page 20

PRODUCTION OF APPLE JUICE AT LOW TEMPERATURE PROCESSING BY ULTRAFILTRATION

Water = 4.18 x 1 = 4.18kj/kg.K
Total Q:
T1 = 298.15K
T2 = 298.15k=K
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 350 x 4.18 x (298.15 298.15) = 0 kj/kr

Output Streams
Stream l4
m = 3333.3 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Fiber=

0.0432 x 3.72

= 0.15509 kj/kg.K

Dissolved Solids = 0.1250 x 1.1827 = 0.1382 kj/kg.K

Aroma

= 0.0001 x 3.0006 = 0.0003 kj/kg.K

Water

= 0.8317 x 4.18

Total Cp

= 3.7850 kj/kg.K

= 3.4765 kj/kg.K

Total Q:
T1 = 298.15 K
T2 = 298.15 K
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 3333.33 x 3.7850 x (298.15 298.15) = 0 kj/hr

Stream l8
m = 350 kg/hr
Cp of stream
Water= 4.18 x 0.9962 = 4.164 kj/kg.K
Impurities = 1.1x 0.0038 = 0.00418 kj/kg.K
Total Cp = 4.17 kj/kg.K
Total Q:

Energy Balance

Page 21

PRODUCTION OF APPLE JUICE AT LOW TEMPERATURE PROCESSING BY ULTRAFILTRATION

T1 = 298.15 K
T2 = 298.15 K
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 350 x 3.7850 x (298.15K 298.15K) = 0 kj/hr

Balance:
Qin = Qout
l1 + l2 = l4 + l8
0+0=0+0
0 kj/hr = 0 kj/hr (Balanced)

2. Across Crusher

Input Streams
Stream l4
m = 3333.33 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Fiber=

0.0432 x 3.72

= 0.15509 kj/kg.K

Dissolved Solids = 0.1250 x 1.1827 = 0.1382 kj/kg.K

Energy Balance

Aroma

= 0.0001 x 3.0006 = 0.0003 kj/kg.K

Water

= 0.8317 x 4.18

Total Cp

= 3.7850 kj/kg.K

= 3.4765 kj/kg.K

Page 22

PRODUCTION OF APPLE JUICE AT LOW TEMPERATURE PROCESSING BY ULTRAFILTRATION

Total Q:
T1 = 298.15K
T2 = 298.15K
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 3333.33 x 3.7850 x (298.15 298.15) = 0 kj/hr

Stream l3
m = 6.66 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Enzyme

= 0.05 x 2.26 = 0.113 kj/kg.K

Water

= 0.95 x 4.18

Total Cp

= 4.08 kj/kg.K

= 3.97 kj/kg.K

Total Q:
T1 = 303.15K
T2 = 298.15K
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 6.66 x 3.7850 x (303.15 298.15) = 126.04 kj/hr

Output Streams
Stream l5
m = 3339.96 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Fiber=

0.0431 x 3.72

= 0.1603 kj/kg.K

Dissolved Solids = 0.1247 x 1.1827 = 0.1474 kj/kg.K

Aroma

= 0.0001 x 3.0006 = 0.0003 kj/kg.K

Water

= 0.8320 x 4.18

Enzyme

= 9.97 x 10-5 x 2.26 = 2.253 x 10-4 kj/kg.K

Total Cp

= 3.7859 kj/kg.K

= 3.4777 kj/kg.K

Total Q:
T1 = 303.15K
T2 = 298.15K

Energy Balance

Page 23

PRODUCTION OF APPLE JUICE AT LOW TEMPERATURE PROCESSING BY ULTRAFILTRATION

Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 3339.96 x 3.7859 x (303.15 298.15) = 63223.7728 kj/hr

Balance
Qin = Qout
L4 + l3 = l5
0 + 126.04 = 63223.7728
0 = 63097.7328 kj/hr
Crusher Duty = 63097.7328 kj/hr
Hot water mass = 503.17 kg/hr

3. Across With-holding Tank

Input Streams
Stream l5
m = 3339.96 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Fiber=

0.0431 x 3.72

= 0.1603 kj/kg.K

Dissolved Solids = 0.1247 x 1.1827 = 0.1474 kj/kg.K

Aroma

= 0.0001 x 3.0006 = 0.0003 kj/kg.K

Water

= 0.8320 x 4.18

Enzyme

= 9.97 x 10-5 x 2.26 = 2.253 x 10-4 kj/kg.K

Total Cp

= 3.7859 kj/kg.K

= 3.4777 kj/kg.K

Total Q:

Energy Balance

Page 24

PRODUCTION OF APPLE JUICE AT LOW TEMPERATURE PROCESSING BY ULTRAFILTRATION

T1 = 303.15 K
T2 = 298.15 K
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 3339.96 x 3.7859 x (303.15 298.15) = 63223.7728 kj/hr

Output Streams
Stream l6
m = 3339.96 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Fiber=

0.0431 x 3.72

= 0.1603 kj/kg.K

Dissolved Solids = 0.1247 x 1.1827 = 0.1474 kj/kg.K

Aroma

= 0.0001 x 3.0006 = 0.0003 kj/kg.K

Water

= 0.8320 x 4.18

Enzyme

= 9.97 x 10-5 x 2.26 = 2.253 x 10-4 kj/kg.K

Total Cp

= 3.7859 kj/kg.K

= 3.4777 kj/kg.K

Total Q:
T1 = 303.15 K
T2 = 298.15 K
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 3339.96 x 3.7859 x (303.15 298.15) = 63223.7728 kj/hr

Balance
Qin = Qout
L5 = l6
63223.7728 kj/hr = 63223.7728 kj/hr (Balanced)

Energy Balance

Page 25

PRODUCTION OF APPLE JUICE AT LOW TEMPERATURE PROCESSING BY ULTRAFILTRATION

4. Across Presses

Input Streams
Stream l6
m = 3339.96 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Fiber=

0.0431 x 3.72

= 0.1603 kj/kg.K

Dissolved Solids = 0.1247 x 1.1827 = 0.1474 kj/kg.K

Aroma

= 0.0001 x 3.0006 = 0.0003 kj/kg.K

Water

= 0.8320 x 4.18

Enzyme

= 9.97 x 10-5 x 2.26 = 2.253 x 10-4 kj/kg.K

Total Cp

= 3.7859 kj/kg.K

= 3.4777 kj/kg.K

Total Q:
T1 = 303.15K
T2 =298.15K
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 3339.96 x 3.7859 x (303.15 298.15) = 63223.7728 kj/hr

Output Streams
Stream p4
m = 501 kg/hr
Energy Balance

Page 26

PRODUCTION OF APPLE JUICE AT LOW TEMPERATURE PROCESSING BY ULTRAFILTRATION

Cp of stream:
Fiber

0.2101 x 3.72

= 0.7815 kj/kg.K

Dissolved Solids = 0.0742 x 1.1827 = 0.0877 kj/kg.K

Water

= 0.7157 x 4.18

Total Cp

= 3.8608 kj/kg.K

= 2.9916kj/kg.K

Total Q:
T1 = 303.1484 K
T2 = 298.15K
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 501 x 3.8608 x (303.1484 298.15) = 9668.2128 kj/hr

Stream l15
m = 2838.96 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Fiber=

0.0136 x 3.72

= 0.0506 kj/kg.K

Dissolved Solids = 0.1336 x 1.1827 = 0.1580 kj/kg.K

Aroma

= 0.0001 x 3.0006 = 0.0003 kj/kg.K

Water

= 0.8526 x 4.18

Enzyme

= 9.97 x 10-5 x 2.26 = 2.253 x 10-4 kj/kg.K

Total Cp

= 3.7729 kj/kg.K

= 3.5639 kj/kg.K

Total Q:
T1 = 303.15K
T2 = 298.15K
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 2838.96 x 3.7729 x (303.15 298.15) = 53555.56 kj/hr

Balance
Qin = Qout
l6 = L15 + p4
53555.56 + 9668.2128 = 63223.7728
63223.7728kj/hr = 63223.7728 kj/hr (Balanced)
Energy Balance

Page 27

PRODUCTION OF APPLE JUICE AT LOW TEMPERATURE PROCESSING BY ULTRAFILTRATION

5. Across Heat Exchanger

Input Streams
Stream l15
m = 2838.96 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Fiber=

0.0136 x 3.72

= 0.0506 kj/kg.K

Dissolved Solids = 0.1336 x 1.1827 = 0.1580 kj/kg.K

Aroma

= 0.0001 x 3.0006 = 0.0003 kj/kg.K

Water

= 0.8526 x 4.18

Enzyme

= 9.97 x 10-5 x 2.26 = 2.253 x 10-4 kj/kg.K

Total Cp

= 3.7729 kj/kg.K

= 3.5639 kj/kg.K

Total Q:
T1 = 303.15 K
T2 = 298.15 K
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 2838.96 x 3.7729 x (303.15 298.15) = 53555.56 kj/hr

Stream u3
m = 48.66 kg/hr
Temperature = T2 = 393.57
Pressure = 2 bar (g)
Latent Heat = 2201 kj/kg
Energy Balance

Page 28

PRODUCTION OF APPLE JUICE AT LOW TEMPERATURE PROCESSING BY ULTRAFILTRATION

Cp of steam= 2.02 kj/kg
Cp of water= 4.18 kj/kg
Total Q:
T1 = 298.15 K
T2 = 393.57 K
Q = mCpwaterdT + m.H
Q = (48.66 X 4.18 X (393.57 - 298.15)) + (48.66 X 2201) = 126731.04 kj/hr

Output Streams
Stream l17
m = 2838.96 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Fiber=

0.0136 x 3.72

= 0.0506 kj/kg.K

Dissolved Solids = 0.1336 x 1.1827 = 0.1580 kj/kg.K

Aroma

= 0.0001 x 3.0006 = 0.0003 kj/kg.K

Water

= 0.8526 x 4.18

Enzyme

= 9.97 x 10-5 x 2.26 = 2.253 x 10-4 kj/kg.K

Total Cp

= 3.7729 kj/kg.K

= 3.5639 kj/kg.K

Total Q:
T1 = 313.15K
T2 = 298.15K
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 2838.96 x 3.7729 x (313.15 298.15) = 160666.68 kj/kg

Stream c1
m = 48.66
Cp of water:
Water

= 1 x 4.18

= 4.18 kj/kg.K

Total Q:
T1 = 394.15K
T2 = 298.15K

Energy Balance

Page 29

PRODUCTION OF APPLE JUICE AT LOW TEMPERATURE PROCESSING BY ULTRAFILTRATION

Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 48.66 x 4.18 x (394.15 298.15) = 19542.34 kj/hr

Balance
Qin = Qout
L15 + u3 = l17 + c1
53555.56 + 126731.04 = 19542.34 + 160666.6
180286.596 kj/hr = 180209.02kj/hr Difference: 77.57 kj/hr

6. Across Falling Film Evaporator

Input Streams
Stream l17
m = 2838.96 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Fiber

0.0136 x 3.72

= 0.0506 kj/kg.K

Dissolved Solids = 0.1336 x 1.1827 = 0.1580 kj/ kg.K

Aroma

= 0.0001 x 3.0006 = 0.0003 kj/ kg.K

Water

= 0.8526 x 4.18

Enzyme

= 9.97 x 10-5 x 2.26 = 2.253 x 10-4 kj/ kg.K

Total Cp

= 3.77 kj/ kg.K

= 3.5639 kj/ kg.K

Total Q:

Energy Balance

Page 30

PRODUCTION OF APPLE JUICE AT LOW TEMPERATURE PROCESSING BY ULTRAFILTRATION

T1 = 313.15K
T2 = 298.15K
P= -0.79 bar (g)
Q = mCp (T1-T2)
Q = 2838.96 x 3.77 x (313.15 298.15) = 160543.188 kj/hr

Stream u4
m = 484.904 kg/hr
Temperature = 335.35K
Latent Heat = 2352.31 kj/kg
Total Q:
Q = mCpdT + m.H
Q = (484.904 x 4.18 (335.35- 298.15))+(484.904 x 2352.31) = 1216045.161 kj/hr

Output Streams
Stream l19
m = 2510.150 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Fiber=

0.015381 x 3.72

= 0.0572 kj/kg.K

Dissolved Solids = 0.1511 x 1.1827 = 0.1787 kj/kg.K

Water

= 0.8330 x 4.18

= 3.4819 kj/kg.K

Enzyme

= 1.1276 x 10-4 x 2.26 = 2.540 x 10-4 kj/kg.K

Total Cp

= 3.71 kj/kg.K

Total Q:
T1 = 323.15K
T2 = 298.15K
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 2510.150 x 3.71 x (323.15 298.15) = 232816.412 kj/hr

Stream A2
m = 328.80 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Aroma
Energy Balance

= 8.6342 x 10-4 x 3.0006 = 2.590 x 10-3 kj/kg.K

Page 31

PRODUCTION OF APPLE JUICE AT LOW TEMPERATURE PROCESSING BY ULTRAFILTRATION

Water

= 0.9991 x 4.18

Total Cp

= 4.18 kj/kg.K

= 4.1762 kj/kg.K

Total Q:
Enthalpy of aroma = 3093.11 kj/kg
T1 = 335.35K
T2 = 298.15K
Since the stream contains both aroma in vapor and water in liquid form so,
Q = mCp(T1-T2) + m.H
Q = (328.80 x 4.18 x (335.35 298.15)) + (328.80 x 3093.11) = 1068141.653 kj/kg

Stream c2
m = 484.904 kg/hr
Cp of water:
Water

= 1 x 4.18

= 4.18 kj/kgoC

Total Q:
T1 = 335.35K
T2 = 298.15K
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 484.904 x 4.18 x (335.35 298.15) = 75400.63 kj/hr

Balance
Qin = Qout
L17 + u4 = l19 + A2 + c2
160543.188 + 1216045.161 = 232816.412 + 1068141.653 + 75400.63
1376588.349 kj/hr = 1376358.695 kj/hr Difference = 233.654 kj/hr

Energy Balance

Page 32

PRODUCTION OF APPLE JUICE AT LOW TEMPERATURE PROCESSING BY ULTRAFILTRATION

7. Across Aroma Stripping Column

Input Streams
Stream A2
m = 328.80 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Aroma

= 8.6342 x 10-4 x 3.0006 = 2.590 x 10-3 kj/kg.K

Water

= 0.9991 x 4.18

Total Cp

= 4.18 kj/kg.K

= 4.1762 kj/kg.K

Total Q:
Enthalpy of aroma = 3093.11 kj/kg
T1 = 335.35K
T2 = 298.15K
Since the stream contains both aroma in vapor and water in liquid form so,
Q = mCp(T1-T2) + m.H
Q = (328.80 x 4.18 x (335.35 298.15)) + (328.80 x 3093.11) = 1068141.653 kj/kg

Output Streams
Stream A3
m = 0.283893 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Aroma

Energy Balance

= 1 x 3.0006 = 3.0006 kj/kg.K

Page 33

PRODUCTION OF APPLE JUICE AT LOW TEMPERATURE PROCESSING BY ULTRAFILTRATION

Total Cp

3.0006 kj/kg.K

Total Q:
T1 = 353.15K
T2 =298.15K
Q = mCp(T1-T2) + m.H + mCp(T3-T4)
Q = [0.283893 x 3 x (351.45 298.15)] + [0.283893 x 846] + [0.283893 x 2.5 x (353.15 351.45)] =
286.77 kj/kg

Stream w7
m = 328.517
Cp of stream:
Water = 4.18 x 1 = 4.18 kj/kg.K
Total Cp = 4.18 kj/kg.K
Total Q:
T1 = 373.15
T2 = 298.15
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 328.517 x 4.18 x (373.15 298.15) + (328.517 x 2270) = 848723.669 kj/kg

Balance
Qin = Qout
A2 = A3 + w7
1068141.653 kj/hr = 286.77 kj/hr + 848723.669 kj/hr
1068141.653 kj/hr = 849010.439 kj/hr
Heat needed to be removed to maintain required conditions = 219131 kj/hr

Energy Balance

Page 34

PRODUCTION OF APPLE JUICE AT LOW TEMPERATURE PROCESSING BY ULTRAFILTRATION

8. Across Aroma Condensor

Input Streams
Stream A3
m = 0.283893 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Aroma

= 1 x 3.0006 = 3.0006 kj/kg.K

Total Cp

3.0006 kj/kg.K

Total Q:
T1 = 353.15
T2 = 298.15
Q = mCp(T1-T2) + m . H
Q = [0.283893 x 3 x (351.45 298.15)] + [0.283893 x 846] + [0.283893 x 2.5 x (353.15 351.45)] =
286.77 kj/kg

Stream w1
m = 3.432 kg/hr
Cp of pure water: 4.18 kj/kg.K
T1 = 309.95 K
T2 = 298.15 K
Total Q:
Q = mCpdT
Q = 3.432 x 4.18 x (309.95 - 298.15)
Q = 169.88 kj/hr

Energy Balance

Page 35

PRODUCTION OF APPLE JUICE AT LOW TEMPERATURE PROCESSING BY ULTRAFILTRATION

Output Streams
Stream w6
m = 3.432 kg/hr
Cp of pure water: 4.18 kj/kg.K
T1 = 323.15K
T2 = 298.15K
Total Q:
Latent Heat liberated by aroma = (0.283893 x 846) = 240.17
Q = Q = mCp(T1-T2) + m.H
Q = 3.432 x 4.18 x (323.15 - 298.15) + 240.17
Q = 455.18 kj/hr

Stream A4
m = 0.283893 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Aroma

= 1 x 3.0006 = 3.0006 kj/kg.K

Total Cp

3.0006 kj/kg.K

Total Q:
T1 = 300.15
T2 = 298.15
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = [0.283893 x 3.0006 x (300.15 298.15)] = 1.7 kj/kg

Balance
Qin = Qout
A3 + w1 = w6 + A4
256.77 + 169.88 = 455.18 + 1.7
456.88 kj/hr = 456.88 kj/hr

Energy Balance

Page 36

PRODUCTION OF APPLE JUICE AT LOW TEMPERATURE PROCESSING BY ULTRAFILTRATION

9. Across Enzymatic Treatment Tank

Input Streams
Stream l19
m = 2510.156 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Fiber=

0.015381 x 3.72

= 0.0572 kj/kg.K

Dissolved Solids = 0.1511 x 1.1827 = 0.1787 kj/kg.K

Water

= 0.8330 x 4.18

= 3.4819 kj/kg.K

Enzyme

= 1.1276 x 10-4 x 2.26 = 2.540 x 10-4 kj/kg.K

Total Cp

= 3.7180 kj/kg.K

Total Q:
T1 = 323.15K
T2 = 298.15K
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 2510.156 x 3.7180 x (323.15 298.15) = 233319 kj/hr

Stream E1
m = 54.146 kg/hr
Cp of stream:

Energy Balance

Enzyme

= 1 x 2.26 = 2.26 kj/kg.K

Total Cp

2.26 kj/kg.K
Page 37

PRODUCTION OF APPLE JUICE AT LOW TEMPERATURE PROCESSING BY ULTRAFILTRATION

Total Q:
T1 = 323.15K
T2 = 298.15K
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 54.146 x 2.26 x (323.15 298.15) = 3059.249 kj/hr

Output Streams
Stream l22
m = 2564.804 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Fiber=

0.01565 x 3.72

= 0.0582 kj/kg.K

Dissolved Solids = 0.14788 x 1.1827 = 0.1748 kj/kg.K

Water

= 0.81471 x 4.18

= 3.4055 kj/kg.K

Enzyme

= 0.021221 x 2.26 = 0.0480 kj/kg.K

Total Cp

= 3.6865 kj/kg.K

Total Q:
T1 = 323.15K
T2 = 298.15K
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 2564.804 x 3.6865 x (323.15 298.15)) = 236378.249 kj/hr

Balance
Qin = Qout
L19 + l21 = l22
233319 kj/hr + 3059.249 kj/hr = 236378.249 kj/hr
236378.249 kj/hr = 236378.249 kj/hr (Balanced)

Energy Balance

Page 38

PRODUCTION OF APPLE JUICE AT LOW TEMPERATURE PROCESSING BY ULTRAFILTRATION

10.

Across Ultra filtration Unit

Input Streams
Stream l22
m = 2564.804 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Fiber=

0.01565 x 3.72

= 0.0582 kj/kg.K

Dissolved Solids = 0.14788 x 1.1827 = 0.1748 kj/kg.K

Water

= 0.81471 x 4.18

= 3.4055 kj/kg.K

Enzyme

= 0.021221 x 2.26 = 0.0480 kj/kg.K

Total Cp

= 3.6865 kj/kg.K

Total Q:
T1 = 323.15
T2 = 298.15K
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 2564.804 x 3.6865 x (323.15 298.15) = 236378.249 kj/hr

Output Streams
Stream l23
m = 2223.2217 kg/hr
Cp of stream:

Energy Balance

Page 39

PRODUCTION OF APPLE JUICE AT LOW TEMPERATURE PROCESSING BY ULTRAFILTRATION

Dissolved Solids = 0.1535 x 1.1827 = 0.1815 kj/kg.K
Water

= 0.8465 x 4.18

Total Cp

= 3.7199 kj/kg.K

= 3.5384 kj/kg.K

Total Q:
T1 = 323.15K
T2 = 298.15K
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 2223.2217 x 3.7199 x (323.15 298.15K) = 206754.06 kj/hr

Stream l23
m = 341.5823 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Fiber=

0.1175 x 3.72

= 0.4371 kj/kg.K

Dissolved Solids = 0.6121 x 1.1827 = 0.7239 kj/kg.K

Water

= 0.1110 x 4.18

= 0.4639 kj/kg.K

Enzyme

= 0.1593 x 2.26 = 0.3600 kj/kg.K

Total Cp

= 1.984 kj/kg.K

Total Q:
T1 = 341.85K
T2 = 298.15K
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 341.5823 x 1.984 x (341.85 298.15) = 29624.189 kj

Balance
Qin = Qout
L22 = l23 + l 23
236378.249 kj/hr = 206754.06 kj/hr + 29624.189 kj/hr
236378.249 kj/hr = 236378.249 kj/hr (Balanced)

Energy Balance

Page 40

PRODUCTION OF APPLE JUICE AT LOW TEMPERATURE PROCESSING BY ULTRAFILTRATION

11.

Across Triple Effect Evaporator

Input Streams
Stream l23
m = 2223.2217 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Dissolved Solids = 0.1535 x 1.1827 = 0.1815 kj/kg.K
Water

= 0.8465 x 4.18

Total Cp

= 3.71 kj/kg.K

= 3.5384 kj/kg.K

Total Q:
T1 = 323.15K
T2 = T2 = 298.15K
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 2223.2217 x 3.71 x (323.15 298.15) = 205648.007 kj/hr

Stream u5
m = 767 kg/hr
Temperature = 138oC = 411.15K
Specific enthalpy of saturated steam = 2706.54 kj/kg
Total Q:
Q = m x Enthalpy
Q = (767 x 2147) + (767 x 2.17 x (411.15 - 407.15)) + (767 x 4.18 x (407.15 -298.15)) = 2002867.1
kj/hr
Energy Balance

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PRODUCTION OF APPLE JUICE AT LOW TEMPERATURE PROCESSING BY ULTRAFILTRATION

Output Streams
Stream c5
m = 767 kg/hr
Temperature = 134 oC = 407.15K
Cp of water from 0 to 100 = 4.18 kj/hr
Total Q:
Q = mCpdT
Q = 767 x 4.18 x (407.15K - 298.15K) = 349460.54 kj/hr

Stream c6
m = 594.612 kg/hr
Temperature = 121oC = 394.15K
Cp of water = 4.18 kj/kg
Total Q:
Q = mCpdt
Q = 594.612 x 4.18 x (394.15 - 25) = 238605.9 kj/hr

Stream c7
M = 583.3 kg/hr
Temperature = 112.53oC = 385.68K
Cp of water = 4.18
Total Q:
Q = mCpdT
Q = 583.3 x 4.18 x (385.68 - 298.15) = 213390.73 kj/hr

Stream v1
M = 571.359 kg/hr
Temperature = 385.68K
Cp of Water = 4.18
Latent Heat of vapors = 2226.23 kj/kg
Total Q:

Energy Balance

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PRODUCTION OF APPLE JUICE AT LOW TEMPERATURE PROCESSING BY ULTRAFILTRATION

Q = mCpdT + m.H = (571.359 x 4.18 x (385.68-347.25)) + (571.359 x 2226.23) = 1363758.171
kj/hr

Stream l26
M = 474 kg/hr
Cp of apple juice at 72 brix = 2.02 kj/kg
Temperature = 345.15K
Total Q:
Q = mCpdT
Q = 474 x 2.02 x (345.15 - 298.15) = 45001.56 kj/hr

Balance
Qin = Qout
l23 +u5 = c5 + c6 + c7 + l26 + v1
205648.007 + 2002867.1 = 349460.54 +238605.9 + 213390.73 + 47874 + 1363758.171
2208515.107kj/hr = 2213089.341kj/hr

Heat Capacity Estimation of Constituents

Enzyme
The value of heat capacity used is estimated from the reference given and is very near to the
heat capacity of protein as our enzyme is protein based.
Heat capacity of enzyme = 2.26 kj/kg

Fiber
The value of heat capacity used is estimated from the reference given
Heat Capacity of Fiber = 3.72 kj/kg

Aroma
The heat capacity of aroma is estimated based on the heat capacity of individual components
and their composition in aroma.
Constituents
Ethanol
Propanol
Butanol
2-Methyl Butanol
Hexanol
Ethyl Iso-Butyrate
Ethyl Butyrate
Ethyl Acetate
Energy Balance

Composition(xi)
0.495
0.016
0.046
0.014
0.015
0.097
0.064
0.010

Heat Capacity(kj/kgoC)
2.43
2.37
2.307
2.303
2.308
1.7372
1.6290
1.9200

xiCp
1.203
0.038
0.106
0.032
0.035
0.167
0.1042
0.0192
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PRODUCTION OF APPLE JUICE AT LOW TEMPERATURE PROCESSING BY ULTRAFILTRATION

Butyl Acetate
Pentyl Acetate
Ethyl Valerate
Benzaldehyde
Hexanal
Trans-2-Hexanal
Total

0.035
0.040
0.078
0.0005
0.043
0.042

1.9630
1.7667
2.1980
1.6211
2.11
2.07

0.0688
0.061
0.171
0.0081
0.9073
0.0261
3.0006 kj/kg.K

Note: The references for composition and heat capacities of constituents are provided.

Dissolved Solids
The heat capacity of dissolved solids is estimated based on the heat capacity of individual
components and their composition in dissolved solids.
Constituents
Protien
Ash
Liphids
Sucrose
Glucose
Fructose
Starch
Calcium
Iron
Magnesium
Phosphorous
Potassium
Zinc
Vitamin C
Vitmain A
Total

Composition(xi)
0.0234
0.0171
0.0153
0.1868
0.2193
0.5325
4.63 x 10-3
5.45 x 10-7
1.083 x 10-8
4.513 x 10-7
9.92 x 10-7
9.65 x 10-6
9.02 x 10-8
4.151 x 10-7
1.353 x 10-6

Heat Capacity (kj/kg.K)

2.34
1.343
2.1
1.30
0.63
1.28
1.753
0.650
0.447
1.024
0.809
0.74
0.399
1.39
1.62

xiCp
0.0548
0.0230
0.0321
0.2428
0.1382
0.6816
8.086 x 10-3
3.5198 x 10-8
4.1841 x 10-9
4.621 x 10-7
8.0253 x 10-7
7.141 x 10-6
3.5990 x 10-8
5.769 x 10-7
2.192 x 10-6
1.182 kj/kg.K

Note: The references for composition and heat capacities of constituents are provided.

Water
Heat capacity of water is taken from literature as 4.18 kj/kg.K.

Energy Balance

Page 44

PRODUCTION OF APPLE JUICE AT LOW TEMPERATURE PROCESSING BY ULTRAFILTRATION

Overall Energy Balance

IN
STREAM NAME

STREAM Heat kj/hr

l1

l2

l3

63223.8182

u2 (u3+u4)

1183470.062

E1

3059.249

w1

169.88

u5

2009960.37

TOTAL Heat

3382001.794

OUT
STREAM NAME

STREAM heat kg/hr

l8

p4

9668.212

c4 (c1+c2)

100344.56

A4

1.7

Energy Balance

Page 45

PRODUCTION OF APPLE JUICE AT LOW TEMPERATURE PROCESSING BY ULTRAFILTRATION

w7

903075.79

w2

455.18

w5

29624.189

c5

350417.342

c6

238605.98

Energy Balance

Page 46

PRODUCTION OF APPLE JUICE AT LOW TEMPERATURE PROCESSING BY ULTRAFILTRATION

sc7

213415.1208

v3

1363758.1

l24

45001.56

TOTAL Heat

3350784.662

Energy Balance

Page 47