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Euler Equations: Similarities To What We've Already Seen

Euler equations take the form x2y + αxy + βy = 0. To solve them, an assumed solution of xr is used, leading to a characteristic equation. There are three cases for the roots r1 and r2 of the characteristic equation: 1) both real, 2) one real and distinct, 3) complex conjugates. The solutions then take similar forms to those of homogeneous differential equations with constant coefficients, with t replaced by ln|x|.

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16 views

Euler Equations: Similarities To What We've Already Seen

Euler equations take the form x2y + αxy + βy = 0. To solve them, an assumed solution of xr is used, leading to a characteristic equation. There are three cases for the roots r1 and r2 of the characteristic equation: 1) both real, 2) one real and distinct, 3) complex conjugates. The solutions then take similar forms to those of homogeneous differential equations with constant coefficients, with t replaced by ln|x|.

Uploaded by

mmbeesley
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Euler Equations

An Euler equation is of the form


x
2
y

+ xy

+ y = 0
Just as in the case of homogeneous equations, we will assume a solution with a general form of x
r
. The
corresponding characteristic equation is then
r(r 1) + r + = 0
There are 3 possibilities for the roots r
1
and r
2
.
Case 1: r
1
= r
2
, both real Case 2: r
1
= r
2
, real Case 3: r = i
y = c
1
|x|
r
1
+ c
2
|x|
r
2
y = c
1
|x|
r
1
+ c
2
ln |x||x|
r
1
y = |x|

[c
1
cos(ln |x|) + c
2
sin(ln |x|)]
Similarities to What Weve Already Seen
Notice the similarities between these solutions and the solution for a homogeneous dierential equation
with constant coecients.
ay

+ by

+ cy = 0 (Dierential Equation)
ar
2
+ br + c = 0 (Characteristic Equation)
Case 1: r
1
= r
2
, both real Case 2: r
1
= r
2
, real Case 3: r = i
y = c
1
e
r
1
t
+ c
2
e
r
2
t
y = c
1
e
r
1
t
+ c
2
te
r
1
t
y = e
t
[c
1
cos(t) + c
2
sin(t)]
An easy way to remember the solutions to Euler Equations is to remember that you merely take the so-
lution to a homogeneous equation with constant coecients and make the substitution
t = ln |x|
c 2014 Matthew Beesley - math.byututor.com

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