Chapter 7: Functions of Random Variables Section 4: Transformation Technique: Several Variables
This document discusses techniques for finding probability distributions of transformations of random variables. It addresses both discrete and continuous cases. For continuous random variables X1 and X2 with a joint density f(x1, x2), if the transformations Y1 = u1(X1, X2) and Y2 = u2(X1, X2) are one-to-one, then the joint density of Y1 and Y2 is given by g(y1, y2) = f[w1(y1, y2), w2(y1, y2)] ·|J|, where J is the Jacobian of the transformation. The document provides examples of finding the distributions of W = XY and
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Chapter 7: Functions of Random Variables Section 4: Transformation Technique: Several Variables
This document discusses techniques for finding probability distributions of transformations of random variables. It addresses both discrete and continuous cases. For continuous random variables X1 and X2 with a joint density f(x1, x2), if the transformations Y1 = u1(X1, X2) and Y2 = u2(X1, X2) are one-to-one, then the joint density of Y1 and Y2 is given by g(y1, y2) = f[w1(y1, y2), w2(y1, y2)] ·|J|, where J is the Jacobian of the transformation. The document provides examples of finding the distributions of W = XY and
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Chapter 7: Functions of Random Variables
Section 4: Transformation Technique: Several Variables
The discrete case The joint probability distribution of X and Y is 18 ) , ( y x y x f + = for x = 1, 2 and y = 2, 4. 1. Find the probability distribution of W = XY
2. Find the joint probability distribution of W = XY and Z = X + Y.
Let X and Y be independent random variables both having binomial distributions with parameters n and u. Let Z = X + Y. Show that Z has a binomial distribution with parameters 2n and u.
The Continuous Case; To find the probability density of Y = u(X 1 , X 2 ), first find the joint distribution of Y and X 1 (or X 2 ). Solve for X 2 and substitute. Make sure X 2 as a function of Y with X 1 held constant is a one-to-one function. That is, X 2 is a one-to-one function of Y when X 1 held constant
y x x x f y x g y x x x f x y g c c = c c = 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 * ) , ( ) , ( * ) , ( ) , (
Next, integrate out X 1 (or X 2 ).
Find the probability density of XY Z = .
< < < < +
= elsewhere y x y x y x f 0 1 0 , 1 0 ) , (
Theorem 7.2. Let f(x 1 , x 2 ) be the value of the joint probability density of the continuous random variables X 1 and X 2 at (x 1 , x 2 ). If the functions given by y 1 = u 1 (x 1 , x 2 ) and y 2 = u 2 (x 1 , x 2 ) are partially differentiable with respect to both x 1 and x 2 and represent a one-to-one transformation for all values within the range of X 1 and X 2 for which f(x 1 , x 2 ) 0, then, for these values of x 1 and x 2 , the equations y 1 = u 1 (x 1 , x 2 ) and y 2 = u 2 (x 1 , x 2 ) can be uniquely solved for x 1 and x 2 to give x 1 = w 1 (y 1 , y 2 ) and x 2 = w 2 (y 1 , y 2 ), and for the corresponding values of y 1 and y 2 , the joint probability density of Y 1 = u 1 (X 1 , X 2 ) and Y 2 = u 2 (X 1 , X 2 ) is given by
g(y 1 , y 2 ) = f[w 1 (y 1 , y 2 ), w 2 (y 1 , y 2 )] |J|
Here J is called the Jacobian of the transformation, is the determinant
2 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 y x y x y x y x J c c c c c c c c =
Find the probability density of W = X 2 and Z = XY,
< < < <
= elsewhere y x for xy y x f 0 1 0 , 1 0 6 ) , ( 2