Name: Due Date: Grade:

ECE 2006 LABORATORY 3

DIGITAL OSCILLOSCOPE SWEEP CONTROLS
Pre-Lab Calculati!"# Complete Table 2, Theoretical Frequency Response Calculations,
prior to performing lab eperiments! "ee #RC Circuit $quations% belo& for help!
Ob$ecti%e"
The learning ob'ecti(es in this laboratory gi(e the student the ability to:
)se the oscilloscope internal s&eep generator!
)se the oscilloscope trigger le(el and slope controls!
)se the oscilloscope to display the difference of t&o signals!
)se the oscilloscope for frequency, phase angle and (oltage measurements!
Re&ere!ce"
TD" *+,2 - "eries )ser .anual
Bac'(ru!)
/scilloscope time mode:
0n the last lab you learned ho& to use the oscilloscope in 123 mode! 0n this lab you &ill
use the oscilloscope in time2based! 0n time 4or s&eep5 mode the oscilloscope samples the
(oltage le(els of the input channels o(er time! The (oltage on the input channels causes
the display to deflect (ertically and the hori6ontal ais represents the time domain! 3ou
can ad'ust the seconds per di(ision to display more or less of the &a(eform and you can
ad'ust the (ertical sensiti(ity to change the (ertical (olts per di(ision!
/scilloscope math operations:
This generation of oscilloscopes allo&s you to do mathematical operations on the input
&a(eforms! 3ou can then display the results of these mathematical operations as another
input &a(eform! This allo&s you to obser(e &a(eforms that you could not measure
directly!

/scilloscope trigger:
The oscilloscope is used to obser(e repetiti(e signals! 0f the screen is redra&n &ith the
display signal in a different part of its cycle each time the oscilloscope screen &ill sho& a
drifting &a(e shape! 7 trigger is used to catch the displayed signal in the same location
e(ery time the screen is redra&n! The trigger controls include source selection, le(el
selection, slope selection, and time delay! The source can be set to channel ,, channel 2,
line 48+ 96 po&er line5, or eternal! The le(el control ad'usts the (oltage le(el of the
source at &hich the &a(eform &ill be dra&n from the center of the screen! The slope
s&itch determines if the trigger &ill on the signals positi(e slope or the negati(e slope! 0t
is easy to see &here the oscilloscope &ill trigger the &a(eform by loo:ing at the trigger
le(el indicators on the screen!
/scilloscope phase angle measurements:
;hase angle measurements include an angle and a sign! The phase angle can be measured
manually by reading off the screen or automatically by the oscilloscope! 7 phase angle
difference includes a sign as &ell as a magnitude! 0f <r occurs, say *+
o
, earlier in time
than <s, then <r leads <s by *+
o
or <s lags <r by *+
o
, and the phase angle difference is
<r 2 <s = >*+
o
! 0f <c occurs, say *+
o
, later in time than <s, then <s leads <c by *+
o
or
<c lags <s by *+
o
, and the phase angle difference is <c2 <s = 2*+
o
!
RC Circuit E*uati!"#
For the RC circuit in Figure ,, the phase difference bet&een <r and <s is
<r 2 <s = ?+
o
2tan
2,
4CR5
&here
C is the capacitance in Farads, and = 2f, +
o
tan
2,
4CR5 ?+
o
and the phase difference bet&een <c and <s is
<c2 <s = 2tan
2,
4CR5
For the RC circuit in Figure ,, the magnitude ratio <r@<s can be found by using the
(oltage di(ider equation gi(en in class, <r = <s A R, @ 4R,>R25! 0n this case, R, is the
(alue of the resistor in the circuit, R! R2 is the impedance of the capacitor, 4'BC5,
&hich is dependent on the fruequency of ecitation! The (oltage di(ider can be
algebraically re2&ritten to gi(e the follo&ing result:
Ci:e&ise, the magnitude ratio <c@<s can be &ritten as:
E*ui+,e!t
Digital /scilloscope TD" *+++ - "eries
Function Generator
Resistor
Capacitor
Prce)ure
This lab deals &ith the time based mode of the oscilloscope! Cast lab you learned ho& to
use the 1, 3 aes mode on the oscilloscope! No& both channel , and channel 2 &ill
represent (ertical (oltage deflections (ersus time!
0nitial "etup:
7! "et the oscilloscope to time mode:
4Di"+la- . / Y Di"+la- . O&& 0YT15
-! Turn on channel ,!
C! "et the channel , to ground reference and set le(el to center graticule line!
4C23 . Cu+li!( . GND5
D! "et channel , bac: to DC mode!
4C23 . Cu+li!( . DC5
34 Tri((er4
,!, )ntriggered:
,!,!, Connect the function generator to channel ,!
,!,!2 "et the function generator to * <pp, "quare Da(e, ,++ 96!
,!,!* "et the triggering mode of the oscilloscope to eternal!
4Tri((er 5e!u . Surce . E6t
,!,!E "et s&eep speed to Em"@di(!
4Tur! 7ri8!tal "cale '!b5
,!,!F 9a(e the lab instructor obser(e this response!
Cab 0nstructor GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG
,!2 Triggering 7utomatic:
,!2!, No& ad'ust the trigger to channel ,
4Tri((er 5e!u . Surce . C235
,!2!2 ;ress the 4Set t 90:5 button! This &ill automatically set the trigger le(el!
Notice ho& the &a(eform stops drifting! The scope is no& centering the
&a(eform at the same point e(ery time!
,!2!* 9a(e the lab instructor obser(e this response and "a%e t )i"'!
Cab 0nstructor GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG
,!* Triggering .anual Ce(els: /bser(e the change in the triggering le(el on the
center (ertical graticule line!
,!*!, 7d'ust the function generator to a 8 (olt pea: to pea: ,++ 96 sinusoidal &a(e!
,!*!2 "et the trigger to channel ,!
,!*!* "et the trigger slope to trigger on the positi(e 4rising5 slope!
4Tri((er 5e!u . Sl+e . Ri"i!( E)(e 5
,!*!E 7d'ust the trigger le(el to + (olts!
4Turn trigger le(el :nob5
,!*!F 7d'ust the trigger le(el to >, (olts!
,!*!8 7d'ust the trigger le(el to >2 (olts!
,!*!H 7d'ust the trigger le(el to >E (olts!
,!*!I "et the trigger slope to trigger on the negati(e 4falling5 slope!
4Tri((er 5e!u . Sl+e . ;alli!( E)(e 5
,!*!? 7d'ust the trigger (oltage to >, (olts!
Ca+ture t2i" ut+ut t )i"'4
,!*!,+ 7d'ust the trigger (oltage to >2 (olts!
,!*!,, 7d'ust the trigger (oltage to >E (olts!
,!*!,2 9a(e the lab instructor obser(e this result!
Cab 0nstructor GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG
24 ;re*ue!c- 5ea"ure,e!t4
2!, "et the function generator to ,F+ 96 sinusoidal &a(e!
2!2 )sing the oscilloscope, manually measure the period and record in Table ,!
)sing this period data, calculate the frequency and record in Table ,!
7d'ust the hori6ontal scale to obtain approimately one period on the
oscilloscope screen!
Count the number of di(isions 4(ertical graticules5 for one period!
.ultiply this count by the number of seconds per di(ision! Number
sec@di( is gi(en as .GGJGG on the screen! This product is the period!
Record in Table ,!
3our frequency is ,@T! Record in Table ,!
2!* )se the oscilloscope to automatically measure period and frequency!
4C2 3 . 5ea"ure . Select 5ea"ure,e!t" &r C2 3 . Peri)5
4C2 3 . 5ea"ure . Select 5ea"ure,e!t" &r C2 3 . ;re*ue!c-5
Note: 3ou may need to hit #2more2% if these options are not sho&n on
the right hand side of the display!
2!*!, Record the automatic measurements sho&n on the screen in Table ,!
2!*!2 "a(e the output to dis:!
2!*!* Find the percent error of your period measurement (ersus the automatic
measurement and record in Table ,!
2!E Repeat steps 2!2 and 2!* for frequencies E++ 96, ?++ 96, and 2E++ 96!
34 ;re*ue!c- Re"+!"e
*!, Theoretical
*!,!, Calculate the phase angle and magnitude ratio for each of the frequencies in
Table 2! Record your results in Table 2!
*!2 .easurement "etup:
*!2!, Connect the circuit in Figure ,! 7d'ust the function generator for a sinusoidal
&a(eform &ith a magnitude of about * (olts +ea' t !eutral!
;i(ure 3# Si,+le RC Circuit
*!2!2 Display both channel , and channel 2!
*!2!* "et triggering to channel , F+K!
*!2!E Ground both channels to 6ero di(isions 4center graticule line5!
*!2!F "et both channels to DC!
*!* "ho& <c: <c is the difference bet&een channel , and channel 2! <c = Ch , L Ch
2! To sho& this &a(eform &e need to use the math operators!
*!*!, 9it the 4.ath5 button
*!*!2 "et ,
st
source to channel ,!
*!*!* "et 2
nd
source to channel 2!
*!*!E "et operator to minus! No& math operation is sho&n as red on the oscilloscope
screen and can be treated li:e channel , and channel 2 &a(eforms!
*!E .agnitude .easurements: For each frequency in Table * measure <s, <r, and
<c!
*!E!, .anually measure the magnitudes of the (oltages for 2++ 96 and record in Table
*!
*!E!2 )se the automatic measurements to measure magnitude!
45ea"ure . C2 3 . 5a6 &r c2a!!el 35
Repeat for Ch 2 and .ath
*!E!* Record the (alues sho&n on the screen to Table E! 4"a(e display to dis: for 2++
96!5
*!E!E Repeat automatic measurements for each frequency!
*!E!F 9a(e the lab instructor (erify your technique
Cab 0nstructor GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG
*!F ;hase .easurement: For each frequency you &ill measure the phase angle
differences <r2<s and <c2<s!
*!F!, .anual .easurement for 2++ 96! -efore using the automatic phase
measurements you must learn ho& to manually measure phase difference!
Find the number of degrees per di(ision
Find the number of di(isions bet&een the same points of the t&o
&a(eforms!
;hase difference is 4deg@di( 5A 4J of di(isions5!
For the sign, remember the leading &a(eform pea:s first! 4Ceading &a(e
L trailing &a(e is positi(e signM other&ise, negati(e5!
Record measurements in Table *
*!F!,!, 9a(e the lab instructor (erify your technique
Cab 0nstructor GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG
*!F!2 7utomatic phase measurements using oscilloscope phase measurement
;ress button of &a(eform to measure to 4Ch ,, Ch 2, or .ath5!
"elect ;hase measurement from measurement menu!
;ress button of &a(eform to measure from 4Ch ,, Ch 2, or .ath5!
"elect #/N Create .easurement% to sho& phase angle differences!
*!F!* Repeat automatic measurement for each frequency in Table E! 4"a(e display to
dis: for 2++ 96!5
C!clu"i!"
Remember to sa(e display to dis: for e(ery section that requires it and include
screen shots in your lab report!
Sa,+le Calculati!"
None Required
T7-C$ ,
;$R0/D .$7")R$.$NT 7ND
FR$O)$NC3 C7CC)C7T0/N
Generator
Frequency
96
.anual .easurements
7utomatic "cope
.easurements
K $rror
;eriod
msec
Calculated
Frequency
96
;eriod
msec
Frequency
96
$rror in
period
measurement
,F+
E++
?++
2E++
T7-C$ 2
RC C0RC)0T FR$O)$NC3 R$";/N"$
4T9$/R$T0C7C5
Frequency .agnitude ;hase angle
96 Ratio Degrees
f <r@<s <c@<s <r2<s <c2<s
2++
*F+
F++
H++
,+++
,F++
2+++
T7-C$ *
RC C0RC)0T FR$O)$NC3 R$";/N"$
4.7N)7C D7T75
Frequency .agnitude ;hase angle
96 <olts ratio Degrees
f <s <r <c <r@<s <c@<s <r2<s <c2<s
2++
T7-C$ E
RC C0RC)0T FR$O)$NC3 R$";/N"$
47)T/.7T0C .$7")R$.$NT D7T75
Frequency .agnitude ;hase angle
96 <olts ratio Degrees
f <s <r <c <r@<s <c@<s <r2<s <c2<s
2++
*F+
F++
H++
,+++
,F++
2+++