Appendix A

Pascal Syntax Flow Graph

This Pascal syntax flow graph is a copy from “Pascal User Manual and Report” by Kathleen Jensen and Niklaus
Wirth (Springer-Verlag, 1974) with a courtesy of the publisher. Refer this book for further details of Pascal
grammar.

1
 Pascal Syntax Flow Graph
<program>
PROGRAM identifier ( identifier ) ; block .

<block> ,
LABEL Unsigned integer
,
;

CONSTANT identifier = constant

TYPE identifier = type

VAR identifier : type

,
;

; block ;

PROCEDURE identifier parameter list

FUNCTION identifier parameter list : identifier

BEGIN statement END

2
unsigned integer : <statement> Pascal Syntax Flow Graph

variable := expression

function identifier ,

function identifier ( expression )

; procedure identifier

BEGIN statement END

IF expression THEN statement ELSE statement

CASE expression OF constant : statement END

,
;
WHILE expression DO statement

REPEAT expression UNTIL statement

statement
; DOWNTO

FOR Variable identifier := expression TO expression DO

WITH variable DO statement

,
GOTO unsigned integer 3
 Pascal Syntax Flow Graph

<identifier>
letter <unsigned integer>
letter
digit
digit

<unsigned number>
+
unsigned integer . unsigned integer E unsigned integer
-

<unsigned constant> <constant>

constant identifier + constant identifier

unsigned number unsigned number

-
NIL
' character '
' character '

4
 Pascal Syntax Flow Graph
<type>
simple type
<simple type>
 type identifier
type identifier
PACKED ,
( identifier ) simple type type
ARRAY [ ] OF
,
FILE OF type
constant .. constant
SET OF simple type

<field list> RECORD field list END

;

identifier : type

CASE identifier : type identifier OF

;
,
constant : ( field list )
5
 Pascal Syntax Flow Graph
<variable>
variable identifier

field identifier [ identifier ]

. field identifier <term>

 factor

<factor> factor
unsigned constant
*
variable
,
/
function identifier ( expression )
DIV
( expression )
MOD
NOT factor

AND
[ ]

expression .. expression

,
6
 Pascal Syntax Flow Graph
<simple Expression>
+
term
-
+ - OR

<expression> term

simple expression

= < >    IN

simple expression
<parameter list>

( identifier : type identifier )

FUNCTION ,

VAR ,

PROCEDURE identifier