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Bohr - Rutherford Model of Atom

The Bohr-Rutherford model of the atom was developed based on two key experiments: 1. Rutherford's gold foil experiment showed that the mass of an atom is concentrated in a small, dense nucleus. 2. Experiments observing hydrogen's absorption spectrum showed that electrons orbit the nucleus in discrete shells. The model represents atoms as a small, positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons in shells. Only specific numbers of electrons can fill each shell. This basic nuclear model is still used today to represent atomic structure.

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2K views7 pages

Bohr - Rutherford Model of Atom

The Bohr-Rutherford model of the atom was developed based on two key experiments: 1. Rutherford's gold foil experiment showed that the mass of an atom is concentrated in a small, dense nucleus. 2. Experiments observing hydrogen's absorption spectrum showed that electrons orbit the nucleus in discrete shells. The model represents atoms as a small, positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons in shells. Only specific numbers of electrons can fill each shell. This basic nuclear model is still used today to represent atomic structure.

Uploaded by

api-19727066
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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The Bohr – Rutherford Model

of the Atom
Chemistry - Lesson 8
Experiments
There are two experiments that • ..\Links\Rutherford_s_Experim
lead to the Bohr Model
1. Gold Foil Experiment

2. Hydrogen Absorption
• ..\Links\viewing_hydrogen_spe
Spectrum
The Conclusions
• Protons and Neutrons make up a dense nuclear core
• Electrons circle the nucleus in discrete shells or orbitals
• Nuclear core is positively charged
• Proton and Electron have opposite charges that are
equal in size
• The shells can only hold specific numbers of electons
• 2, 8, 8, 8….. (This is actually a simplification
Making Bohr – Rutherford
Diagrams
Using these conclusions, we can Example – Oxygen
draw a model of what the
atom looks like.
P = Atomic Number
1. Using a periodic table, find
=8
the number of protons and
neutrons. N = Atomic Mass – Atomic
Number
• Protons = Atomic Number
= 16 – 8
• Neutrons = Atomic Mass –
Atomic Number =8

P=8
2. Put the protons and the
N=8
neutrons in the nucleus of
the atom.
Now the electrons
3. Using the charge, find the e=p=8
number of electrons
• For now we will assume the
atom is neutral (electrons =
protons) P=8
N=8
4. Put the electrons in the
shells. When one shell is full
start another shell
• Remember the maximum
number of electrons for the
shells is 2, 8, 8, 8…..
Practice
What will the Bohr Rutherford
diagram for Aluminum look
like?

p = Atomic Number P=13


= 13
N=14
n = Atomic Mass – Atomic
Number
= 27 - 13
= 14
Since the aluminum is neutral,
e =p
e = 13
Practice
What will the Bohr Rutherford
diagram for Argon look like?

p = Atomic Number
P=18
P=18
= 18
n = Atomic Mass – Atomic N=22
N=22
Number
= 40 - 18
=22
Since the argon is neutral,
e =p
e = 18

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