FAJARD,JORG

ITEC 1250-01
Fall 2009
Special DOS Assignment
 Table of Contents

1. Attrib 1 26. mkdir (md) 13

2. chdir (cd) 1 27. mode 14
3. chkdsk 2 28. more 15
4. cls 3 29. move 16
5. command 3 30. path 16
6. color 3 31. prompt 17
7. copy 4 32. rename (ren) 17
8. date 5 33. rmdir (rd) 18
9. drvspace 5 34. scandisk 18
10. defrag 5 35. setver 19
11. del (erase) 6 36. smartdrv 19
12. deltree 6 37. start /W 19
13. dir 7 38. subst 21
14. diskcopy 8 39. sys 21
15. doskey 8 40. time 23
16. edit 9 41. type 23
17. emm386 (XC) 9 42. ver 23
18. exit 9 43. verify 23
19. fdisk 10 44. vol 23
20. find 10 45. xcopy 24
21. format 10
22. keyb 12 Important files
23. label 12 46. AUTOEXEC.BAT 25
24. loadhigh (lh) (XC) 12
25. mem 13 CONFIG.SYS 25

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 1. attrib
Displays or changes file attributes.

ATTRIB [+R | -R] [+A | -A ] [+S | -S] [+H | -H] [drive:][path][filename]

[/S [/D]]

+ Sets an attribute.
- Clears an attribute.
R Read-only file attribute.
A Archive file attribute.
S System file attribute.
H Hidden file attribute.
[drive:][path][filename]
Specifies a file or files for attrib to process.
/S Processes matching files in the current folder
and all subfolders.
/D Processes folders as well.

EXAMPLE: attrib +R –A fileName1.docx

2. cd
Displays the name of or changes the current directory.

CHDIR [/D] [drive:][path]

CHDIR [..]
CD [/D] [drive:][path]
CD [..]

Specifies that you want to change to the parent directory.

Type CD drive: to display the current directory in the specified drive.

Type CD without parameters to display the current drive and directory.

Use the /D switch to change current drive in addition to changing current

directory for a drive.

If Command Extensions are enabled CHDIR changes as follows:

The current directory string is converted to use the same case as

the on disk names. So CD C:\TEMP would actually set the current
directory to C:\Temp if that is the case on disk.

CHDIR command does not treat spaces as delimiters, so it is possible to

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CD into a subdirectory name that contains a space without surrounding
the name with quotes. For example:

cd \winnt\profiles\username\programs\start menu

is the same as:

cd "\winnt\profiles\username\programs\start menu"

which is what you would have to type if extensions were disabled.

EXAMPLE: cd a234567 moves to directory

3. chkdsk
Checks a disk and displays a status report.

CHKDSK [volume[[path]filename]]] [/F] [/V] [/R] [/X] [/I] [/C] [/L[:size]]

volume Specifies the drive letter (followed by a colon),

mount point, or volume name.
filename FAT/FAT32 only: Specifies the files to check for fragmentation
.
/F Fixes errors on the disk.
/V On FAT/FAT32: Displays the full path and name of every file
on the disk.
On NTFS: Displays cleanup messages if any.
/R Locates bad sectors and recovers readable information
(implies /F).
/L:size NTFS only: Changes the log file size to the specified number
of kilobytes. If size is not specified, displays current
size.
/X Forces the volume to dismount first if necessary.
All opened handles to the volume would then be invalid
(implies /F).
/I NTFS only: Performs a less vigorous check of index entries.
/C NTFS only: Skips checking of cycles within the folder
structure.

The /I or /C switch reduces the amount of time required to run Chkdsk by

skipping certain checks of the volume.

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EXAMPLE: chkdsk a: checks the a: drive

4. cls
Clears the screen.

CLS

EXAMPLE : cls clears the screen

5. command
Starts a new instance of the MS-DOS command interpreter.

COMMAND [[drive:]path] [device] [/E:nnnnn] [/P] [/C string] [/MSG]

[drive:]path Specifies the directory containing COMMAND.COM file.

device Specifies the device to use for command input and output.
/E:nnnnn Sets the initial environment size to nnnnn bytes.
/P Makes the new command interpreter permanent (can't exit).
/C string Carries out the command specified by string, and then stops.
/MSG Specifies that all error messages be stored in memory. You
need to specify /P with this switch.

EXAMPLE: command open a new command interpreter

6. color
Sets the default console foreground and background colors.

COLOR [attr]

attr Specifies color attribute of console output

Color attributes are specified by TWO hex digits -- the first

corresponds to the background; the second the foreground. Each digit
can be any of the following values:

0 = Black 8 = Gray
1 = Blue 9 = Light Blue
2 = Green A = Light Green
3 = Aqua B = Light Aqua
4 = Red C = Light Red
5 = Purple D = Light Purple

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6 = Yellow E = Light Yellow
7 = White F = Bright White

If no argument is given, this command restores the color to what it was

when CMD.EXE started. This value either comes from the current console
window, the /T command line switch or from the DefaultColor registry
value.

The COLOR command sets ERRORLEVEL to 1 if an attempt is made to execute

the COLOR command with a foreground and background color that are the
same.

EXAMPLE: "COLOR f3" produces aqua on bright white

7. copy
Copies one or more files to another location.

COPY [/D] [/V] [/N] [/Y | /-Y] [/Z] [/A | /B ] source [/A | /B]
[+ source [/A | /B] [+ ...]] [destination [/A | /B]]

source Specifies the file or files to be copied.

/A Indicates an ASCII text file.
/B Indicates a binary file.
/D Allow the destination file to be created decrypted
destination Specifies the directory and/or filename for the new file(s).
/V Verifies that new files are written correctly.
/N Uses short filename, if available, when copying a file with a
non-8dot3 name.
/Y Suppresses prompting to confirm you want to overwrite an
existing destination file.
/-Y Causes prompting to confirm you want to overwrite an
existing destination file.
/Z Copies networked files in restartable mode.

The switch /Y may be preset in the COPYCMD environment variable.

This may be overridden with /-Y on the command line. Default is
to prompt on overwrites unless COPY command is being executed from
within a batch script.

To append files, specify a single file for destination, but multiple files
for source (using wildcards or file1+file2+file3 format).

EXAMPLE: COPY a: luvdos\mctc.txt

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 8. date
Displays or sets the date.

DATE [/T | date]

Type DATE without parameters to display the current date setting an

a prompt for a new one. Press ENTER to keep the same date.

If Command Extensions are enabled the DATE command supports

the /T switch which tells the command to just output the
current date, without prompting for a new date.

EXAMPLE: DATE /T display the time or DATE to change the date

9. drvspace
Compresses hard disk drives or floppy disks, and configures drives that were compressed
using DriveSpace.
DRVSPACE /COMPRESS compress a hard disk drive or floppy disk.
DRVSPACE /CREATE Create a new compressed drive in the free space on an
existing drive.
DRVSPACE /DEFRAGMENT Defragment a compressed drive.
DRVSPACE /DELETE delete a compressed drive. For
DRVSPACE /FORMAT Format a compressed drive.
DRVSPACE /INFO Display information about a compressed drive.
DRVSPACE /LIST Display a list of the drives on your computer. The list includes
compressed and uncompressed hard disk drives, floppy disk drives, and other removable-
media drives. It does not include network drives.
DRVSPACE /MOUNT mount a compressed volume file (CVF). When DriveSpace
mounts a CVF, itassigns it a drive letter; you can then use the files that CVF contains.
DRVSPACE /RATIO Change the estimated compression ratio of a compressed drive.
DRVSPACE /SIZE Change the size of a compressed drive
DRVSPACE /UNCOMPRESS Uncompress a compressed drive.
DRVSPACE.INI Change the settings in your DRVSPACE.INI file
EXAMPLE: DRVSPACE /COMPRESS a:\

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 10. defrag
Usage:
defrag <volume> [-a] [-f] [-v] [-?]
volume drive letter or mount point (d: or d:\vol\mountpoint)
-a Analyze only
-f Force defragmentation even if free space is low
-v Verbose output
-? Display this help text

EXAMPLE: DEFRAG C: -A

11. DEl
Deletes one or more files.

DEL [/P] [/F] [/S] [/Q] [/A[[:]attributes]] names

ERASE [/P] [/F] [/S] [/Q] [/A[[:]attributes]] names

names Specifies a list of one or more files or directories.

Wildcards may be used to delete multiple files. If a
directory is specified, all files within the directory
will be deleted.

/P Prompts for confirmation before deleting each file.

/F Force deleting of read-only files.
/S Delete specified files from all subdirectories.
/Q Quiet mode, do not ask if ok to delete on global wildcard
/A Selects files to delete based on attributes
attributes R Read-only files S System files
H Hidden files A Files ready for archiving
- Prefix meaning not

If Command Extensions are enabled DEL and ERASE change as follows:

The display semantics of the /S switch are reversed in that it shows

you only the files that are deleted, not the ones it could not find.

EXAMPLE : DEL /P /A : A

12. Deltree
Deletes a directory and all the subdirectories and files in it.
To delete one or more files and directories: DELTREE [/Y] [drive:]path
[[drive:]path[...]]

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 /Y Suppresses prompting to confirm you want to delete the subdirectory.
[drive:]path Specifies the name of the directory you want to delete.
Note: Use DELTREE cautiously. Every file and subdirectory within the specified
directory will be deleted. Once deleted, you cannot recover the information.

EXAMPLE: DELTREE /Y C:\Luvdos

13. dir
Displays a list of files and subdirectories in a directory.

DIR [drive:][path][filename] [/A[[:]attributes]] [/B] [/C] [/D] [/L] [/N]

[/O[[:]sortorder]] [/P] [/Q] [/S] [/T[[:]timefield]] [/W] [/X] [/4]

[drive:][path][filename]
Specifies drive, directory, and/or files to list.

/A Displays files with specified attributes.

attributes D Directories R Read-only files
H Hidden files A Files ready for archiving
S System files - Prefix meaning not
/B Uses bare format (no heading information or summary).
/C Display the thousand separator in file sizes. This is the
default. Use /-C to disable display of separator.
/D Same as wide but files are list sorted by column.
/L Uses lowercase.
/N New long list format where filenames are on the far right.
/O List by files in sorted order.
sortorder N By name (alphabetic) S By size (smallest first)
E By extension (alphabetic) D By date/time (oldest first)
G Group directories first - Prefix to reverse order
/P Pauses after each screenful of information.
/Q Display the owner of the file.
/S Displays files in specified directory and all subdirectories.
/T Controls which time field displayed or used for sorting
timefield C Creation
A Last Access
W Last Written
/W Uses wide list format.
/X This displays the short names generated for non-8dot3 file
names. The format is that of /N with the short name inserted
before the long name. If no short name is present, blanks are
displayed in its place.
/4 Displays four-digit years

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 Switches may be preset in the DIRCMD environment variable. Override
preset switches by prefixing any switch with - (hyphen)--for example, /-W.

EXAMPLE: DIR /W will show directories in a wide list format.

14. diskcopy
Copies the contents of one floppy disk to another.

DISKCOPY [drive1: [drive2:]] [/V]

/V Verifies that the information is copied correctly.

The two floppy disks must be the same type.

You may specify the same drive for drive1 and drive2.

EXAMPLE: DISKCOPY disk1: disk2 / V

15. doskey
Edits command lines, recalls Windows XP commands, and creates macros.

DOSKEY [/REINSTALL] [/LISTSIZE=size] [/MACROS[:ALL | :exename]]

[/HISTORY] [/INSERT | /OVERSTRIKE] [/EXENAME=exename]
[/MACROFILE=filename]
[macroname=[text]]

/REINSTALL Installs a new copy of Doskey.

/LISTSIZE=size Sets size of command history buffer.
/MACROS Displays all Doskey macros.
/MACROS:ALL Displays all Doskey macros for all executables which have
Doskey macros.
/MACROS:exename Displays all Doskey macros for the given executable.
/HISTORY Displays all commands stored in memory.
/INSERT Specifies that new text you type is inserted in old text.
/OVERSTRIKE Specifies that new text overwrites old text.
/EXENAME=exename Specifies the executable.
/MACROFILE=filename Specifies a file of macros to install.
macroname Specifies a name for a macro you create.
text Specifies commands you want to record.

UP and DOWN ARROWS recall commands; ESC clears command line; F7 displays
command history; ALT+F7 clears command history; F8 searches command
history; F9 selects a command by number; ALT+F10 clears macro definitions.

8
The following are some special codes in Doskey macro definitions:
$T Command separator. Allows multiple commands in a macro.
$1-$9 Batch parameters. Equivalent to %1-%9 in batch programs.
$* Symbol replaced by everything following macro name on command line.

EXAMPLE: DOSYKEY /H which is same as history

16. edit
MS-DOS Editor Version 2.0.026 Copyright (c) Microsoft Corp 1995.

EDIT [/B] [/H] [/R] [/S] [/<nnn>] [/?] [file(s)]

/B - Forces monochrome mode.

/H - Displays the maximum number of lines possible for your hardware.
/R - Load file(s) in read-only mode.
/S - Forces the use of short filenames.
/<nnn> - Load binary file(s), wrapping lines to <nnn> characters wide.
/? - Displays this help screen.
[file] - Specifies initial files(s) to load. Wildcards and multiple
filespecs can be given.

EXAMPLE: EDIT /R /B mtct.txt

17. emm368
Turns on or off EMM386 expanded memory support.
EMM386 [ON | OFF | AUTO] [W=ON | W=OFF]
ON | OFF | Activates or suspends EMM386.EXE device driver, or places it in auto
AUTO mode.
W=ON | OFF Turns on or off weitek coprocessor support.

EXAMPLE: EMM386 AUTO

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18. exit
Quits the CMD.EXE program (command interpreter) or the current batch
script.

EXIT [/B] [exitCode]

/B specifies to exit the current batch script instead of

CMD.EXE. If executed from outside a batch script, it
will quit CMD.EXE

exitCode specifies a numeric number. if /B is specified, sets

ERRORLEVEL that number. If quitting CMD.EXE, sets the process
exit code with that number.

EXAMPLE: exit /b text.bat

19. fdisk
Configures a hard disk for use with MS-DOS.

FDISK [/STATUS] /X
/STATUS Displays partition information.
/X Ignores extended disk-access support (will not use LBA support). Use this switch if
you receive one of the below symptoms.
Unable to access a drive from DOS versions prior to 7.
Disk access messages.
Stack overflows messages.
High amounts of data corruption.
Extra drive letters

EXAMPLE: FDISK / STATUS show the current status of hard disks

20. FIND Searches for a text string in a file or files.

FIND [/V] [/C] [/N] [/I] [/OFF[LINE]] "string" [[drive:][path]filename[ ...]]

/V Displays all lines NOT containing the specified string.

/C Displays only the count of lines containing the string.
/N Displays line numbers with the displayed lines.
/I Ignores the case of characters when searching for the string.
/OFF[LINE] Do not skip files with offline attribute set.
"string" Specifies the text string to find.

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 [drive:][path]filename
Specifies a file or files to search.

If a path is not specified, FIND searches the text typed at the prompt

EXAMPLE : find /I /N "test"

21. Format
Formats a disk for use with Windows XP.

FORMAT volume [/FS:file-system] [/V:label] [/Q] [/A:size] [/C] [/X]

FORMAT volume [/V:label] [/Q] [/F:size]
FORMAT volume [/V:label] [/Q] [/T:tracks /N:sectors]
FORMAT volume [/V:label] [/Q]
FORMAT volume [/Q]

volume Specifies the drive letter (followed by a colon),

mount point, or volume name.
/FS:filesystem Specifies the type of the file system (FAT, FAT32, or NTFS).
/V:label Specifies the volume label.
/Q Performs a quick format.
/C NTFS only: Files created on the new volume will be compressed
by default.
/X Forces the volume to dismount first if necessary. All opened
handles to the volume would no longer be valid.
/A:size Overrides the default allocation unit size. Default settings
are strongly recommended for general use.
NTFS supports 512, 1024, 2048, 4096, 8192, 16K, 32K, 64K.
FAT supports 512, 1024, 2048, 4096, 8192, 16K, 32K, 64K,
(128K, 256K for sector size > 512 bytes).
FAT32 supports 512, 1024, 2048, 4096, 8192, 16K, 32K, 64K,
(128K, 256K for sector size > 512 bytes).

Note that the FAT and FAT32 files systems impose the
following restrictions on the number of clusters on a volume:

FAT: Number of clusters <= 65526

FAT32: 65526 < Number of clusters < 4177918

Format will immediately stop processing if it decides that

the above requirements cannot be met using the specified
cluster size.

NTFS compression is not supported for allocation unit sizes

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 above 4096.

/F:size Specifies the size of the floppy disk to format (1.44)

/T:tracks Specifies the number of tracks per disk side.
/N:sectors Specifies the number of sectors per track.

EXAMPLE: format a: /q

22. KeyB
Configures a keyboard for a specific language.
KEYB [xx[,[yyy][,[drive:][path]filename]]] [/E] [/ID:nnn]
xx Specifies a two-letter keyboard code.
yyy Specifies the code page for the character set.
[drive:][path]filename Specifies the keyboard definition file.
/E Specifies that an enhanced keyboard is installed.
/ID:nnn Specifies the keyboard in use.

EXAMPLE: keyb mx c:\windows\command\kyeboard.sys // language (Spanish)

23. LABEL
Creates, changes, or deletes the volume label of a disk.

LABEL [drive:][label]
LABEL [/MP] [volume] [label]

drive: Specifies the drive letter of a drive.

label Specifies the label of the volume.
/MP Specifies that the volume should be treated as a mount point or
volume name.
volume Specifies the drive letter (followed by a colon), mount point, or
volume name. If volume name is specified, the /MP flag is unnecessary.

EXAMPLE: LABEL A: 12546

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 24. Loadhigh (Lh)

Loads a program into the upper memory area.

LOADHIGH [drive:][path]filename [parameters]
LOADHIGH [/L:region1[,minsize1][;region2[,minsize2]...]
[/S]][drive:][path]filename [parameters]

Specifies the region(s) of memory in which to load

the program. Region1 specifies the number of the
first memory region; minsize1 specifies the
/L:region1[,minsize1][;region2[,minsize2]] minimum size, if any, for region1. Region2 and
minsize2 specify the number and minimum size of
the second region, if any. You can specify as many
regions as you want.
Shrinks a UMB to its minimum size while the
/S
program is loading.
[drive:][path]filename Specifies the location and name of the program.
EXAMPLE: LH C: mouse\mouse.com

25. mem
Displays the amount of used and free memory in your system.

MEM [/PROGRAM | /DEBUG | /CLASSIFY]

/PROGRAM or /P Displays status of programs currently loaded in memory.

/DEBUG or /D Displays status of programs, internal drivers, and other
information.
/CLASSIFY or /C Classifies programs by memory usage. Lists the size of
Programs, provides a summary of memory in use, and lists
Largest memory block available.

EXAMPLE : MEM /C | MORE the more command its optional, I added.

26. mkdir
Creates a directory.

MKDIR [drive:]path
MD [drive:]path

If Command Extensions are enabled MKDIR changes as follows:

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 MKDIR creates any intermediate directories in the path, if needed.
For example, assume \a does not exist then:

mkdir \a\b\c\d

is the same as:

mkdir \a , chdir \a , mkdir b , chdir b , mkdir c , chdir c , mkdir d

Which is what you would have to type if extensions were disabled.

EXMAMPLE: MKDIR \ hax \y\z

27. mode
Configures system devices.

Serial port: MODE COMm[:] [BAUD=b] [PARITY=p] [DATA=d] [STOP=s]

[to=on|off] [xon=on|off] [odsr=on|off]
[octs=on|off] [dtr=on|off|hs]
[rts=on|off|hs|tg] [idsr=on|off]

Device Status: MODE [device] [/STATUS]

Redirect printing: MODE LPTn[:]=COMm[:]

Select code page: MODE CON[:] CP SELECT=yyy

Code page status: MODE CON[:] CP [/STATUS]

Display mode: MODE CON[:] [COLS=c] [LINES=n]

Typematic rate: MODE CON[:] [RATE=r DELAY=d]

EXAMPLE: MODE display the system devices

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 28. more
Displays output one screen at a time.

MORE [/E [/C] [/P] [/S] [/Tn] [+n]] < [drive:][path]filename

command-name | MORE [/E [/C] [/P] [/S] [/Tn] [+n]]
MORE /E [/C] [/P] [/S] [/Tn] [+n] [files]

[drive:][path]filename Specifies a file to display one

screen at a time.

command-name Specifies a command whose output

will be displayed.

/E Enable extended features

/C Clear screen before displaying page
/P Expand FormFeed characters
/S Squeeze multiple blank lines into a single line
/Tn Expand tabs to n spaces (default 8)

Switches can be present in the MORE environments Variable.

+n Start displaying the first file at line n

Files List of files to be displayed. Files in the list are separated by blanks.

If extended features are enabled, the following commands

are accepted at the -- More -- prompt:

P n Display next n lines

S n Skip next n lines
F Display next file
Q Quit
= Show line number
? Show help line
<space> Display next page
<ret> Display next line

EXAMPLE: MORE |DIR or DIR |MORE I tried both, it worked in XP

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 29. MOVE
Moves files and renames files and directories.

To move one or more files:

MOVE [/Y | /-Y] [drive:][path]filename1[,...] destination

To rename a directory:
MOVE [/Y | /-Y] [drive:][path]dirname1 dirname2

[drive:][path]filename1 Specifies the location and name of the file

or files you want to move.
destination Specifies the new location of the file. Destination
can consist of a drive letter and colon, a
directory name, or a combination. If you are moving
only one file, you can also include a filename if
you want to rename the file when you move it.
[drive:][path]dirname1 Specifies the directory you want to rename.
dirname2 Specifies the new name of the directory.

/Y Suppresses prompting to confirm you want to

overwrite an existing destination file.
/-Y Causes prompting to confirm you want to overwrite
an existing destination file.

EXAMPLE: MOVE a:\ LUVDOS\MYFILE //assuming that the directory is on C:

30. path
Displays or sets a search path for executable files.

PATH [[drive:]path[;...][;%PATH%]
PATH ;

Type PATH ; to clear all search-path settings and direct cmd.exe to search
only in the current directory.
Type PATH without parameters to display the current path.
Including %PATH% in the new path setting causes the old path to be
appended to the new setting.

EXAMPLE :path c:\progra~1\microsoft Office

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31. prompt
Changes the MS-DOS command prompt.

PROMPT [text]

text Specifies a new command prompt.

Prompt can be made up of normal characters and the following special codes:

$Q = (equal sign)
$$ $ (dollar sign)
$T Current time
$D Current date
$P Current drive and path
$V MS-DOS version number
$N Current drive
$G > (greater-than sign)
$L < (less-than sign)
$B | (pipe)
$H Backspace (erases previous character)
$E Escape code (ASCII code 27)
$_ Carriage return and linefeed

Type PROMPT without parameters to reset the prompt to the default setting.

EXAMPLE: Prompt $b $ d

32. rename
Renames a file or files.

RENAME [drive:][path]filename1 filename2.

REN [drive:][path]filename1 filename2.

Note that you cannot specify a new drive or path for your destination file.

EXAMPLE:

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 33. rmdir
Removes (deletes) a directory.

RMDIR [/S] [/Q] [drive:]path

RD [/S] [/Q] [drive:]path

/S Removes all directories and files in the specified directory

in addition to the directory itself. Used to remove a directory
tree.

/Q Quiet mode, do not ask if ok to remove a directory tree with /S

EXAMPLE: rmdir a:\ /S or rmdir /s a:\

34. scandisk

Below is a listing of available switches in MS-DOS scandisk 6.2 and above. It is important
to note that these commands will not work in Windows 95 and above.

scandisk [ drive: | drive:\path\filename | volume_name | /all] [/checkonly | /autofix

[/nosave] | /custom] [/fragment] [/surface] [/mono] [/nosave] [/nosummary]

drive: The drive letter you wish to scan.

drive:\path\filename The drive and path and/or filename you wish to scan.
volume_name The name of the unmounted compressed volume.
/all Checks and repairs all local drives at once.
/checkonly Checks drive for errors but will not make repairs.
Fixes errors without asking you first. Saves lost clusters by default as
/autofix files in the drive's root directory. Cannot be used with /checkonly or
/custom.
Runs Scandisk using the settings in [custom] section of the scandisk.ini
/custom
file. Cannot be used with /autofix or /checkonly.
Automatically checks surface after other areas are tested without
/surface prompting you first. When used with /custom, will override any /surface
setting in [Custom] section of scandisk.ini.
Checks individual files for fragmentation. Must specify a drive, path and
/fragment
file name; cannot use any other switches.
/mono Uses a monochrome display instead of color.

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/nosave Deletes all lost clusters found by Scandisk. Can be used with /autofix.
Prevents display of full-screen summary after each drive. Use with
/nosummary
/autofix to prevent prompts for undo diskette.

EXAMPLE: scandisk a: /all

35. setver

Sets the version number that MS-DOS reports to a program.

Display current version table: SETVER [drive:path]

Add entry: SETVER [drive:path] filename n.nn
Delete entry: SETVER [drive:path] filename /DELETE [/QUIET]

[drive:path] Specifies location of the SETVER.EXE file.

filename Specifies the filename of the program.
n.nn Specifies the MS-DOS version to be reported to the program.
/DELETE or /D Deletes the version-table entry for the specified program.
/QUIET Hides the message typically displayed during deletion of
version-table entry.

EXAMPLE: setver a:\ludos\myfile.txt

36. smartdrv

Installs and configures the SMARTDrive disk-caching utility.

SMARTDRV [/X] [[drive[+|-]]...] [/U] [/C | /R] [/F | /N] [/L] [/V | /Q | /S]
[InitCacheSize [WinCacheSize]] [/E:ElementSize] [/B:BufferSize]

/X Disables write-behind caching for all drives.

drive Sets caching options on specific drive(s). The specified drive(s) will have
write-caching disabled unless you add +.

+ Enables write-behind caching for the specified drive.

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 - Disables all caching for the specified drive.

/U Do not load CD-ROM caching module.

/C Writes all information currently in write-cache to hard disk.
/R Clears the cache and restarts SMARTDrive.
/F Writes cached data before command prompt returns (default).
/N Doesn't write cached data before command prompt returns.
/L Prevents SMARTDrive from loading itself into upper memory.
/V Displays SMARTDrive status messages when loading.
/Q Does not display status information.
/S Displays additional information about SMARTDrive's status.

EXAMPLE: ---unable to provide an example

37. start /w
Starts a separate window to run a specified program or command.

START ["title"] [/Dpath] [/I] [/MIN] [/MAX] [/SEPARATE | /SHARED]

[/LOW | /NORMAL | /HIGH | /REALTIME | /ABOVENORMAL |
/BELOWNORMAL]
[/WAIT] [/B] [command/program]
[parameters]

"title" Title to display in window title bar.

Path Starting directory
B Start application without creating a new window. The
application has ^C handling ignored. Unless the application
enables ^C processing, ^Break is the only way to interrupt
the application
The new environment will be the original environment passed
to the cmd.exe and not the current environment.
MIN Start window minimized
MAX Start window maximized
SEPARATE Start 16-bit Windows program in separate memory space
SHARED Start 16-bit Windows program in shared memory space
LOW Start application in the IDLE priority class
NORMAL Start application in the NORMAL priority class
HIGH Start application in the HIGH priority class

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REALTIME Start application in the REALTIME priority class
ABOVENORMAL Start application in the ABOVENORMAL priority class
BELOWNORMAL Start application in the BELOWNORMAL priority class
WAIT Start application and wait for it to terminate
command/program
If it is an internal cmd command or a batch file then
the command processor is run with the /K switch to cmd.exe.
This means that the window will remain after the command
has been run.

If it is not an internal cmd command or batch file then

it is a program and will run as either a windowed application
or a console application.

parameters These are the parameters passed to the command/program

If Command Extensions are enabled, external command invocation

through the command line or the START command changes as follows:

non-executable files may be invoked through their file association just

by typing the name of the file as a command. (e.g. WORD.DOC would
launch the application associated with the .DOC file extension).
See the ASSOC and FTYPE commands for how to create these
associations from within a command script.

When executing an application that is a 32-bit GUI application, CMD.EXE

does not wait for the application to terminate before returning to
the command prompt. This new behavior does NOT occur if executing
within a command script.

When executing a command line whose first token is the string "CMD "
without an extension or path qualifier, then "CMD" is replaced with
the value of the COMSPEC variable. This prevents picking up CMD.EXE
from the current directory.

When executing a command line whose first token does NOT contain an
extension, then CMD.EXE uses the value of the PATHEXT
environment variable to determine which extensions to look for
and in what order. The default value for the PATHEXT variable
is:

.COM;.EXE;.BAT;.CMD

Notice the syntax is the same as the PATH variable, with

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 semicolons separating the different elements.

When searching for an executable, if there is no match on any extension,

then looks to see if the name matches a directory name. If it does, the
START command launches the Explorer on that path. If done from the
command line, it is the equivalent to doing a CD /D to that path.

EXAMPLE: start w/ ‘DOS’ will start a new window with DOS as title in the title bar.

38. subst
Associates a path with a drive letter.

SUBST [drive1: [drive2:]path]

SUBST drive1: /D

drive1: Specifies a virtual drive to which you want to assign a path.

[drive2:]path Specifies a physical drive and path you want to assign to
a virtual drive.
/D Deletes a substituted (virtual) drive.

Type SUBST with no parameters to display a list of current virtual drives.

EXAMPLE: subs f: .

39. Sys

Copies MS-DOS system files and command interpreter to a disk you specify.

SYS [drive1:][path] drive2:

[drive1:][path] Specifies the location of the system files.

drive2: Specifies the drive the files are to be copied to.

EXAMPLE: sys C:\windows\command f:\test\dos copies to the f:\ [Drive]

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 40. time
Displays or sets the system time.

TIME [/T | time]

Type TIME with no parameters to display the current time setting and a prompt
for a new one. Press ENTER to keep the same time.

If Command Extensions are enabled the TIME command supports

the /T switch which tells the command to just output the
current time, without prompting for a new time.

EXAMPLE: TIME /T only display the time without prompting for input for new time.

41. type
Displays the contents of a text file or files.

TYPE [drive:][path]filename

EXAMPLE: type h:\dos.txt

42. ver
Displays the Windows XP version.

VER

EXAMPLE: VER

43. verify
Tells cmd.exe whether to verify that your files are written correctly to a
disk.

VERIFY [ON | OFF]

Type VERIFY without a parameter to display the current VERIFY setting.

EXAMPLE: verify on

44. vol
Displays the disk volume label and serial number, if they exist.

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 VOL [drive:]

EXAMPLE: Vol H: display label and serial number of drive

45. xcopy
Copies files and directory trees.

XCOPY source [destination] [/A | /M] [/D[:date]] [/P] [/S [/E]] [/V] [/W]
[/C] [/I] [/Q] [/F] [/L] [/G] [/H] [/R] [/T] [/U]
[/K] [/N] [/O] [/X] [/Y] [/-Y] [/Z]
[/EXCLUDE:file1[+file2][+file3]...]

source Specifies the file(s) to copy.

destination Specifies the location and/or name of new files.
/A Copies only files with the archive attribute set,
doesn't change the attribute.
/M Copies only files with the archive attribute set,
turns off the archive attribute.
/D:m-d-y Copies files changed on or after the specified date.
If no date is given, copies only those files whose
source time is newer than the destination time.
/EXCLUDE:file1[+file2][+file3]...
Specifies a list of files containing strings. Each string
should be in a separate line in the files. When any of the
strings match any part of the absolute path of the file to be
copied, that file will be excluded from being copied. For
example, specifying a string like \obj\ or .obj will exclude
all files underneath the directory obj or all files with the
.obj extension respectively.
/P Prompts you before creating each destination file.
/S Copies directories and subdirectories except empty ones.
/E Copies directories and subdirectories, including empty ones.
Same as /S /E. May be used to modify /T.
/V Verifies each new file.
/W Prompts you to press a key before copying.
/C Continues copying even if errors occur.
/I If destination does not exist and copying more than one file,
assumes that destination must be a directory.
/Q Does not display file names while copying.
/F Displays full source and destination file names while copying.
/L Displays files that would be copied.
/G Allows the copying of encrypted files to destination that does
not support encryption.

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 /H Copies hidden and system files also.
/R Overwrites read-only files.
/T Creates directory structure, but does not copy files. Does not
include empty directories or subdirectories. /T /E includes
empty directories and subdirectories.
/U Copies only files that already exist in destination.
/K Copies attributes. Normal Xcopy will reset read-only attributes.
/N Copies using the generated short names.
/O Copies file ownership and ACL information.
/X Copies file audit settings (implies /O).
/Y Suppresses prompting to confirm you want to overwrite an
existing destination file.
/-Y Causes prompting to confirm you want to overwrite an
existing destination file.
/Z Copies networked files in restartable mode.

The switch /Y may be preset in the COPYCMD environment variable.

This may be overridden with /-Y on the command line.

EXAMPLE xcopy a:\ c:\progra~1\myfolder /a copies whatever folder or file from a: to C:+ path

IMPORTAN FILES

AUTOEXEC.BAT

The autoexec is a system file originally found in MS-DOS. It is plain-text batch file that resides
in the root directory. The file name stands for automatic execution. The AUTOEXEC.BAT
executes commands on system startup.

CONFIG.SYS

Config.sys is used with MS-DOS, and it’s loaded each time the computer first boots up. The
CONFIG.SYS controls components of computer that are connected. CONFIG.SYS control
memory and other hardware devices.

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