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2M + O 2MO: 1. Reaction With Oxygen

Group II elements react with oxygen to form metal oxides, with water to produce hydrogen gas and metal hydroxides, and with acids to form salts and hydrogen gas. Their reactivity with water increases down the group. Magnesium reacts slowly with cold water but rapidly with steam, while calcium reacts rapidly with cold water. The carbonates of Group II elements are insoluble in water, while the nitrates are soluble. Carbonates decompose on heating to form metal oxides and carbon dioxide, with stability increasing down the group. Nitrates decompose to form metal oxides, nitrogen dioxide and oxygen. The solubility of Group II metal sulphates decreases down the group due to decreasing hydration energy outweighing the

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64 views3 pages

2M + O 2MO: 1. Reaction With Oxygen

Group II elements react with oxygen to form metal oxides, with water to produce hydrogen gas and metal hydroxides, and with acids to form salts and hydrogen gas. Their reactivity with water increases down the group. Magnesium reacts slowly with cold water but rapidly with steam, while calcium reacts rapidly with cold water. The carbonates of Group II elements are insoluble in water, while the nitrates are soluble. Carbonates decompose on heating to form metal oxides and carbon dioxide, with stability increasing down the group. Nitrates decompose to form metal oxides, nitrogen dioxide and oxygen. The solubility of Group II metal sulphates decreases down the group due to decreasing hydration energy outweighing the

Uploaded by

Geshna Ballgobin
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Group II

1. Reaction with oxygen


Group II elements burn in oxygen with a bright flame to form their corresponding
metal oxides.
2M(s) + O2 (g) 2MO(s)
metal oxide



2. Reaction with water
Group II elements react with cold water to produce hydrogen gas and metal
hydroxides.
General equation:
M + 2H2O M (OH)2 + H2 (g)
The reactivity of the elements with water increases down the group.
Mg(s) +2H2O (l) Mg(OH)2 + H2 (g)
Magnesium reacts slowly with the cold water. A thin layer of bubbles of hydrogen
gas is formed around the magnesium metal.
Mg(s) + H2O (g) MgO(s) + H2 (g)
Magnesium reacts rapidly with steam to form magnesium oxide and hydrogen
gas. During this reaction, a white glow is seen.

Ca(s) + 2H2O (l) Ca(OH)2 (s) + H2 (g)
White suspension
slightly soluble
Observations:
I. A rapid reaction occurs between calcium and cold water.
II. A white suspension/precipitate of calcium hydroxide is observed.
III. Rapid effervescence of hydrogen gas is seen.

Solubility of Group II oxides and hydroxides
O
2-
+H2O 2OH
-



Group II


3. Reaction with acids
Group II elements react with acids to form salt and hydrogen gas (rapid
effervescence)
Mg(s) + 2HCl (aq) MgCl2 (s) + H2 (g)
Ca(s) + 2HCl (aq) CaCl2 (s) + H2 (g)

Carbonates and nitrates of Group II elements
General formula: -MCO3
-M (NO3)2
The carbonates are INSOLUBLE in water. The nitrates are all SOLUBLE in water.
GROUP II ELEMENTS

Thermal decomposition of Group II carbonates & nitrates
1) The carbonates of Group II elements decompose on heating to form metal
oxide and carbon dioxide gas.
MCO3 MO + CO2
The thermal stability of Group II carbonates increases down the group.
In the thermal decomposition, the cation M2+ polarises the carbonate anion CO3-.
This process helps in the decomposition. The higher the degree of polarisation,
the easier is the decomposition.

MgCO3 size of the cation M2+ increases
CaCO3 Polarising power of M2+ decreases
SrCO3 The degree of polarisation of CO3- decreases
BaCO3 thermal stability increases

Thermal stability , temperature of decomposition

2) Group II nitrates decompose on heating to form metal oxide, nitrogen dioxide
and oxygen gas.
2M (NO3)2 (s) 2MO(s) + 4NO2 (g) + O2 (g)
Observations:
I. A brown gas is evolved.
II. A colourless gas which relights a glowing splint is evolved. The gas is oxygen.

Group II
Solubility of Group II metal sulphates
Down the group, solubility of metal sulphates decreases.
Hsolution = - Hlattice + Hhydration
Hlattice Charge
Size
Down the group, the size of the cations (M2+) increases. As a result, the lattice
energy and the hydration energy decrease.
The hydration energy of the cations decreases much faster than the lattice
energy. Hence, the decrease in hydration energy is much more significant than
the decrease in lattice energy. This explains why the solubility of the sulphates
decreases down the group.

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