Analyzing and Controlling Drug

Expenditure

BENGKEL ANALISIS ABC/VEN

PEJABAT TIMBALAN PENGARAH KESIHATAN NEGERI (FARMASI)
NEGERI KELANTAN

8 JULAI 2009

ASMA BT MURSHID
HOSPITAL SULTAN ABDUL HALIM
SUNGAI PETANI
KEDAH DARUL AMAN

DRUG
DOSE DOSE
.
2
Introduction
Aggregate data
Tools for analyzing cost
Conducting ABC \ VEN Analysis
Applications of the ABC \ VEN Analysis
Steps in performing the ABC \ VEN Analysis
Summary

3
Irrational drug use is widespread and results
in:
Poor patient outcome
High cost of inappropriate drug use
Increased risk of adverse drug reactions
Emergence of antimicrobial resistance

Measuring drug use problems is the first step
to improving use
4
Indicator study methods
Use data collected at the individual level - patient, health facility
Data insufficient to make judgements about appropriateness of a
drug for a specific diagnosis
Aggregate data methods
Use routine data (e.g. stock records) not collected at the
individual patient level
Gives an overview of drug use and can highlight problem
areas
In-depth investigation of drug use
Prescription audit, patient record review
Drug use evaluation (review) (DUE)
Qualitative methods to understand causes of a drug use
problem
5
Drug use aggregate data sources

Procurement records

Warehouse drug records

Pharmacy stock and dispensing records

ADR and medication error reports

Patient medical records


6
Data that can be retrieved

Drug Consumption

Drug availability

Frequency of use

Per capita use of specific product

Prevalence of adverse drug reactions

Prevalence of medication errors
7

2 major areas

Personnel expenses
- reducing staff
- reform policies

Drug purchases
- identify major cost, lossess and
opportinities for savings



8
VEN analysis

ABC analysis

Therapeutic category analysis

Price comparison analysis

Total variable cost analysis

Lead-time and payment-time analysis

Expiry date analysis

Hidden cost analysis

What is the
VEN Analysis?
10
Method to prioritise for drug selection, purchase
& stock in which drugs are classified according
to their health impact

VVital
Potentially lifesaving
Crucial to providing basic health services
EEssential
Effective against less severe but significant illness, but
not absolutely vital to providing basic health services
NNon-Essential
For minor illnesses
High cost and low therapeutic advantage
11
Characteristic of Drug or Target
Condition
Vital Essential Nonessential

Occurrence of target condition
Persons affected (% of population)
Persons treated (number/ day at
average health centre)


Over 5%
Over 5


1-5%
1-5


Less than 1%
Less than 1
Severity of target condition
Life-threatening
Disabling

Yes
Yes

Occasionally
Occasionally

Rarely
Rarely

Therapeutic effect of drug
Prevents serious disease
Cures serious disease
Treats minor, self-limited symptoms
and conditions
Has proven efficacy
Has unproven efficacy


Yes
Yes
No

Always
Never


No
Yes
Possibly

Usually
Rarely


No
No
Yes

May or may not
May or may not
12

The World Health Organizations (WHO)
Essential Drugs List

According to the WHOs definition, essential drugs are
those that meet the healthcare needs of the majority of
the population; thus should be easily available in
adequate quantities and in suitable dosage forms.




13

The National Essential Drugs List

The National Essential Drugs List was formulated by
using the Ministry of Healths (MOH) Drugs List as a
basis. The MOH Drugs List which was introduced in
1983 serves as the essential drugs list for the public
healthcare sector.

Latest Edition SENARAI UBAT PENTING
KEBANGSAAN (NEDL) EDISI 2
Bil (17) dlm BF/PP/2/9 Bhg 12
BERTARIKH 21 JANUARI 2009



14







15







NEDL /1
16







NEDL / 13
U - universal

S- secondary

T-tertiary
17

Consensus by a committee in the
institution

Eg. DRUG COMMITTEE






18

Identifies high-priority drugs for selection, procurement
and use in a supply system

- Selection - V & E drugs given priority esp.
when funds are short
- Procurement - Order monitoring
- Safety stock
- Order quantities
- Supplier selection
- Use - Review
- Distribution - Stock control
- Assignment of staff




19


Identifies low-priority drugs to be analyze carefully
for deletion from the formulary

Compared with ABC analysis to monitor how well
actual use compares with priorities


20
Step 1: Classify all drugs on the list as V, E, or N

Step 2: Reconsider proposed purchase quantities

Step 3: Find additional funds if needed or possible

Step 4: Analyze N items. Where possible, eliminate them

Step 5: Analyze N items. Where possible, reduce quantities
to purchase

Step 6: Identify and limit therapeutic duplications

Step 7: Reduce quantities of drugs purchased by using the
preferential weighting or equal misery



F
U
N
D
I
N
G

G
A
P
21
22
23
24
25
26
What is the
ABC Analysis?
ABC analysis is a business term used to define an inventory categorization
technique often used in materials management.

ABC analysis provides a mechanism for identifying items which will have a
significant impact on overall inventory cost whilst also providing a
mechanism for identifying different categories of stock that will require
different management and controls

When carrying out an ABC analysis, inventory items are valued (item cost
multiplied by quantity issued/consumed in period) with the results then
ranked. The results are then grouped typically into three bands
.
These bands
are called ABC codes.
"A class" inventory will typically contain items that account for 60% of total
value
"B class" inventory will have around 20% of total value
"C class" inventory will account for the remaining 20%

ABC Analysis is similar to Pareto in that the "A class" group will typically
account for a large proportion of the overall value but a small percentage
the overall volume of inventory. - WIPEDIA
29
Method for determining and comparing drug
costs within the formulary system

Tool for identifying many drug use problems

Utilizes computer and appropriate software to
run analysis

Separating the vital few from the trivial many
Pareto Principle

What is the Pareto Principle?

In 1906, Italian economist Vilfredo Pareto created a mathematical
formula to describe the unequal distribution of wealth in his country,
observing that twenty percent of the people owned eighty percent of
the wealth.

Definition: The Pareto Principle, also known as the 80-20 Rule,
states that a small number of causes (20%) is responsible for a large
percentage (80%) of the effect.

Also Known As: 80-20 Rule, Pareto's Law, Pareto's Principle

General Use: The Pareto Principle is generally applied to vendors or
customers in a retail setting. This rule assumes that 20% of the
customers generate 80% of the sales, or that 80% of merchandise
comes from 20% of the vendors.
31
Category Percentage of
budget
Percentage of
drugs ordered
A drugs 70-80% 10-20%
B drugs 15-20% 10-20%
C drugs 5-10% 60-80%
32
A drugsHigh percentage of funds spent on large
volume or high-cost items
Greatest potential for savings
Greatest potential for identifying expensive drugs that
are overused

B drugsModerate cost and moderate number of
items; important items

C drugsSmall amount of funds spent on the
majority of the inventory
Links consumption to public health needs &
morbidity
Reducing inventory levels & costs
more frequent purchases or deliveries of A items
Cost reduction
seek lower prices for class A items
Assign import and inventory staff
Provide information for:
Choosing most cost-effective alternatives
Therapeutic substitutions
Pharmacoeconomic analysis
Used in combination with VEN analysis
Used as a guide in Drug Committee Meeting
Performing an ABC analysis is facilitated by a
computer and software that will perform the
necessary calculations. A computer is not absolutely
necessary, but it becomes more important as the
number of line items increases and the complexity of
the analysis widens. Management Sciences for
Health provides this software free of charge on its
web site at
www.msh.org
It is easy to download and has instructions on use of
the software in the help section of the main menu.
Generate Data

HIS Pharmaniaga / LP

CPS Pharmaniaga / LP

Can retrive from computer or Pharmaniaga Bukit
Raja
Transaction
Enquiry
Fast Moving / Expensive
Volume - type 2000
Search
Print Report
Click Briefcase
Choose format CSV / Destination desk file ok
Coose format Same Number ok
Choose Desktop - Save
37

Step 1 -List all items purchased and enter the unit
cost
Step 2 -Enter consumption quantities for each item
Step 3 -Calculate the value of consumption for each
item
Step 4 -Sort the list in descending order by total value
Step 5 -Calculate the percentage of total value
represented by each item
Step 6 -Calculate the cumulative % of total value for
each item
Step 7 -Choose cut-off points for A, B, and C
38
Description Price
1 AMOXYCILLIN CAPSULES PATIENT READY PACK;250MG;15'S R 2.68
2 AMPHOTERICIN B FOR INJECTIONINTRAVENOUS;50MG R 115.27
3 BECLOMETHASONE DIPROPIONATE INHALER;50MCG/DOSE;200 DOSES R 36.31
4 CARBAMAZEPINE 200MG TABLET;PATIENT READY PACK;84'S R 19.73
5 CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE DETERGENT SOLUTION4%;SURGICAL SCRUB;500ML R 10.75
6 CLOXACILLIN SODIUM FOR INJECTION500MG R 2.81
7 CO-TRIMOXAZOLE 480mg TABLETS PATIENT READY PACK;20'S R 1.91
8 DIAZEPAM TABLETS 5MG ;1000'S R 9.90
9 ETHAMBUTOL,RIFAMPICIN,ISONIAZID AND PYRAZINAMIDE TABLETS:225/120/60/300MG;100'S R 83.56
10 GENTAMICIN SULPHATE INJECTION80MG/2ML;2ML R 1.97
11 IBUPROFEN SUSPENSION:PAEDIATRIC;100MG/5ML;100ML R 11.18
12 INSULIN INJECTION:HUMAN;SOLUBLE 30%;ISOPHANE 70%;100IU/ML;10ML R 33.74
13 ISONIAZID AND THIACETAZONE TABLETS 133MG AND 50MG;1000'S R 61.65
14 LITHIUM CARBONATE TABLETS 250MG; 1000'S R 224.64
15 LOPERAMIDE 2MG TABLETS;6'S R 1.22
16 MERCUROCHROME SOLUTION; 1%; DROPPER BOTTLE; 20ML R 0.68
17 NUR-ISTERATE:NORETHISTERONE ENANTATE INJECTION LONG-ACTING;200MG/ML;1ML R 5.66
18 PARACETAMOL AND CODEINE TABLETS500MG;8MG;20'S R 2.38
19 PARACETAMOL TABLETS 500MG;500'S R 16.61
20 PERINDOPRIL TABLET 4MG;28'S R 20.08
21 RESERPINE TABLETS PATIENT READY PACKS;0,25MG;14'S R 7.24
22 TEST STRIPS AND COLOR CHART,GLUCOSE IN BLOOD ACCUTREND;50'S R 42.46
23 THIOPENTONE SODIUM INJECTION 0.5G/20ML;W/OUT DILUENT;MIXER VIAL;20ML R 10.18
24 VACCINE POLIOMYELITIS;ORAL TRIVALENT;10 DOSE R 5.31
25 VITAMIN B6 TABLETS 25MG;500'S R 11.30
26 WATER FOR INJECTION PLASTIC;10ML R 0.53
39
TOTAL = 666,643 NO.ITEMS = 26
Pack Qty
Description Price Issued Value
20 PERINDOPRIL TABLET 4MG;28'S R 20.08 3000 60,226
13 ISONIAZID AND THIACETAZONE TABLETS 133MG AND 50MG;1000'S R 61.65 800 49,320
18 PARACETAMOL AND CODEINE TABLETS500MG;8MG;20'S R 2.38 20000 47,520
2 AMPHOTERICIN B FOR INJECTIONINTRAVENOUS;50MG R 115.27 400 46,109
25 VITAMIN B6 TABLETS 25MG;500'S R 11.30 4000 45,200
3 BECLOMETHASONE DIPROPIONATE INHALER;50MCG/DOSE;200 DOSES R 36.31 1200 43,572
23 THIOPENTONE SODIUM INJECTION 0.5G/20ML;W/OUT DILUENT;MIXER VIAL;20ML R 10.18 4000 40,705
15 LOPERAMIDE 2MG TABLETS;6'S R 1.22 30000 36,462
10 GENTAMICIN SULPHATE INJECTION80MG/2ML;2ML R 1.97 18000 35,381
12 INSULIN INJECTION:HUMAN;SOLUBLE 30%;ISOPHANE 70%;100IU/ML;10ML R 33.74 1000 33,739
6 CLOXACILLIN SODIUM FOR INJECTION500MG R 2.81 12000 33,696
22 TEST STRIPS AND COLOR CHART,GLUCOSE IN BLOOD ACCUTREND;50'S R 42.46 700 29,724
4 CARBAMAZEPINE 200MG TABLET;PATIENT READY PACK;84'S R 19.73 1500 29,596
5 CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE DETERGENT SOLUTION4%;SURGICAL SCRUB;500ML R 10.75 2500 26,865
26 WATER FOR INJECTION PLASTIC;10ML R 0.53 50000 26,729
14 LITHIUM CARBONATE TABLETS 250MG; 1000'S R 224.64 65 14,602
1 AMOXYCILLIN CAPSULES PATIENT READY PACK;250MG;15'S R 2.68 5000 13,388
9 ETHAMBUTOL,RIFAMPICIN,ISONIAZID AND PYRAZINAMIDE TABLETS:225/120/60/300MG;100'S R 83.56 160 13,370
21 RESERPINE TABLETS PATIENT READY PACKS;0,25MG;14'S R 7.24 1400 10,130
19 PARACETAMOL TABLETS 500MG;500'S R 16.61 600 9,968
7 CO-TRIMOXAZOLE 480mg TABLETS PATIENT READY PACK;20'S R 1.91 3000 5,724
17 NUR-ISTERATE:NORETHISTERONE ENANTATE INJECTION LONG-ACTING;200MG/ML;1ML R 5.66 1000 5,659
11 IBUPROFEN SUSPENSION:PAEDIATRIC;100MG/5ML;100ML R 11.18 500 5,589
24 VACCINE POLIOMYELITIS;ORAL TRIVALENT;10 DOSE R 5.31 600 3,188
8 DIAZEPAM TABLETS 5MG ;1000'S R 9.90 15 148
16 MERCUROCHROME SOLUTION; 1%; DROPPER BOTTLE; 20ML R 0.68 50 34
40
TOTAL = 666,643 NO.ITEMS = 26
Pack Qty % of
Description Price Issued Value Value
20 PERINDOPRIL TABLET 4MG;28'S R 20.08 3000 60,226 9.03%
13 ISONIAZID AND THIACETAZONE TABLETS 133MG AND 50MG;1000'S R 61.65 800 49,320 7.40%
18 PARACETAMOL AND CODEINE TABLETS500MG;8MG;20'S R 2.38 20000 47,520 7.13%
2 AMPHOTERICIN B FOR INJECTIONINTRAVENOUS;50MG R 115.27 400 46,109 6.92%
25 VITAMIN B6 TABLETS 25MG;500'S R 11.30 4000 45,200 6.78%
3 BECLOMETHASONE DIPROPIONATE INHALER;50MCG/DOSE;200 DOSES R 36.31 1200 43,572 6.54%
23 THIOPENTONE SODIUM INJECTION 0.5G/20ML;W/OUT DILUENT;MIXER VIAL;20ML R 10.18 4000 40,705 6.11%
15 LOPERAMIDE 2MG TABLETS;6'S R 1.22 30000 36,462 5.47%
10 GENTAMICIN SULPHATE INJECTION80MG/2ML;2ML R 1.97 18000 35,381 5.31%
12 INSULIN INJECTION:HUMAN;SOLUBLE 30%;ISOPHANE 70%;100IU/ML;10ML R 33.74 1000 33,739 5.06%
6 CLOXACILLIN SODIUM FOR INJECTION500MG R 2.81 12000 33,696 5.05%
22 TEST STRIPS AND COLOR CHART,GLUCOSE IN BLOOD ACCUTREND;50'S R 42.46 700 29,724 4.46%
4 CARBAMAZEPINE 200MG TABLET;PATIENT READY PACK;84'S R 19.73 1500 29,596 4.44%
5 CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE DETERGENT SOLUTION4%;SURGICAL SCRUB;500ML R 10.75 2500 26,865 4.03%
26 WATER FOR INJECTION PLASTIC;10ML R 0.53 50000 26,729 4.01%
14 LITHIUM CARBONATE TABLETS 250MG; 1000'S R 224.64 65 14,602 2.19%
1 AMOXYCILLIN CAPSULES PATIENT READY PACK;250MG;15'S R 2.68 5000 13,388 2.01%
9 ETHAMBUTOL,RIFAMPICIN,ISONIAZID AND PYRAZINAMIDE TABLETS:225/120/60/300MG;100'S R 83.56 160 13,370 2.01%
21 RESERPINE TABLETS PATIENT READY PACKS;0,25MG;14'S R 7.24 1400 10,130 1.52%
19 PARACETAMOL TABLETS 500MG;500'S R 16.61 600 9,968 1.50%
7 CO-TRIMOXAZOLE 480mg TABLETS PATIENT READY PACK;20'S R 1.91 3000 5,724 0.86%
17 NUR-ISTERATE:NORETHISTERONE ENANTATE INJECTION LONG-ACTING;200MG/ML;1ML R 5.66 1000 5,659 0.85%
11 IBUPROFEN SUSPENSION:PAEDIATRIC;100MG/5ML;100ML R 11.18 500 5,589 0.84%
24 VACCINE POLIOMYELITIS;ORAL TRIVALENT;10 DOSE R 5.31 600 3,188 0.48%
8 DIAZEPAM TABLETS 5MG ;1000'S R 9.90 15 148 0.02%
16 MERCUROCHROME SOLUTION; 1%; DROPPER BOTTLE; 20ML R 0.68 50 34 0.01%
41
TOTAL = 666,643 NO.ITEMS = 26
Pack Qty % of Value
Description Price Issued Value Value Cum%
20 PERINDOPRIL TABLET 4MG;28'S R 20.08 3000 60,226 9.03% 9.03%
13 ISONIAZID AND THIACETAZONE TABLETS 133MG AND 50MG;1000'S R 61.65 800 49,320 7.40% 16.43%
18 PARACETAMOL AND CODEINE TABLETS500MG;8MG;20'S R 2.38 20000 47,520 7.13% 23.56%
2 AMPHOTERICIN B FOR INJECTIONINTRAVENOUS;50MG R 115.27 400 46,109 6.92% 30.48%
25 VITAMIN B6 TABLETS 25MG;500'S R 11.30 4000 45,200 6.78% 37.26%
3 BECLOMETHASONE DIPROPIONATE INHALER;50MCG/DOSE;200 DOSES R 36.31 1200 43,572 6.54% 43.79%
23 THIOPENTONE SODIUM INJECTION 0.5G/20ML;W/OUT DILUENT;MIXER VIAL;20ML R 10.18 4000 40,705 6.11% 49.90%
15 LOPERAMIDE 2MG TABLETS;6'S R 1.22 30000 36,462 5.47% 55.37%
10 GENTAMICIN SULPHATE INJECTION80MG/2ML;2ML R 1.97 18000 35,381 5.31% 60.68%
12 INSULIN INJECTION:HUMAN;SOLUBLE 30%;ISOPHANE 70%;100IU/ML;10ML R 33.74 1000 33,739 5.06% 65.74%
6 CLOXACILLIN SODIUM FOR INJECTION500MG R 2.81 12000 33,696 5.05% 70.79%
22 TEST STRIPS AND COLOR CHART,GLUCOSE IN BLOOD ACCUTREND;50'S R 42.46 700 29,724 4.46% 75.25%
4 CARBAMAZEPINE 200MG TABLET;PATIENT READY PACK;84'S R 19.73 1500 29,596 4.44% 79.69%
5 CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE DETERGENT SOLUTION4%;SURGICAL SCRUB;500ML R 10.75 2500 26,865 4.03% 83.72%
26 WATER FOR INJECTION PLASTIC;10ML R 0.53 50000 26,729 4.01% 87.73%
14 LITHIUM CARBONATE TABLETS 250MG; 1000'S R 224.64 65 14,602 2.19% 89.92%
1 AMOXYCILLIN CAPSULES PATIENT READY PACK;250MG;15'S R 2.68 5000 13,388 2.01% 91.93%
9 ETHAMBUTOL,RIFAMPICIN,ISONIAZID AND PYRAZINAMIDE TABLETS:225/120/60/300MG;100'S R 83.56 160 13,370 2.01% 93.93%
21 RESERPINE TABLETS PATIENT READY PACKS;0,25MG;14'S R 7.24 1400 10,130 1.52% 95.45%
19 PARACETAMOL TABLETS 500MG;500'S R 16.61 600 9,968 1.50% 96.95%
7 CO-TRIMOXAZOLE 480mg TABLETS PATIENT READY PACK;20'S R 1.91 3000 5,724 0.86% 97.81%
17 NUR-ISTERATE:NORETHISTERONE ENANTATE INJECTION LONG-ACTING;200MG/ML;1ML R 5.66 1000 5,659 0.85% 98.66%
11 IBUPROFEN SUSPENSION:PAEDIATRIC;100MG/5ML;100ML R 11.18 500 5,589 0.84% 99.49%
24 VACCINE POLIOMYELITIS;ORAL TRIVALENT;10 DOSE R 5.31 600 3,188 0.48% 99.97%
8 DIAZEPAM TABLETS 5MG ;1000'S R 9.90 15 148 0.02% 99.99%
16 MERCUROCHROME SOLUTION; 1%; DROPPER BOTTLE; 20ML R 0.68 50 34 0.01% 100.00%
42
TOTAL = 666,643 NO.ITEMS = 26
Pack Qty % of Value
Description Price Issued Value Value Cum%
20 PERINDOPRIL TABLET 4MG;28'S R 20.08 3000 60,226 9.03% 9.03%
13 ISONIAZID AND THIACETAZONE TABLETS 133MG AND 50MG;1000'S R 61.65 800 49,320 7.40% 16.43%
18 PARACETAMOL AND CODEINE TABLETS500MG;8MG;20'S R 2.38 20000 47,520 7.13% 23.56%
2 AMPHOTERICIN B FOR INJECTIONINTRAVENOUS;50MG R 115.27 400 46,109 6.92% 30.48%
25 VITAMIN B6 TABLETS 25MG;500'S R 11.30 4000 45,200 6.78% 37.26%
3 BECLOMETHASONE DIPROPIONATE INHALER;50MCG/DOSE;200 DOSES R 36.31 1200 43,572 6.54% 43.79%
23 THIOPENTONE SODIUM INJECTION 0.5G/20ML;W/OUT DILUENT;MIXER VIAL;20ML R 10.18 4000 40,705 6.11% 49.90%
15 LOPERAMIDE 2MG TABLETS;6'S R 1.22 30000 36,462 5.47% 55.37%
10 GENTAMICIN SULPHATE INJECTION80MG/2ML;2ML R 1.97 18000 35,381 5.31% 60.68%
12 INSULIN INJECTION:HUMAN;SOLUBLE 30%;ISOPHANE 70%;100IU/ML;10ML R 33.74 1000 33,739 5.06% 65.74%
6 CLOXACILLIN SODIUM FOR INJECTION500MG R 2.81 12000 33,696 5.05% 70.79%
22 TEST STRIPS AND COLOR CHART,GLUCOSE IN BLOOD ACCUTREND;50'S R 42.46 700 29,724 4.46% 75.25%
4 CARBAMAZEPINE 200MG TABLET;PATIENT READY PACK;84'S R 19.73 1500 29,596 4.44% 79.69%
5 CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE DETERGENT SOLUTION4%;SURGICAL SCRUB;500ML R 10.75 2500 26,865 4.03% 83.72%
26 WATER FOR INJECTION PLASTIC;10ML R 0.53 50000 26,729 4.01% 87.73%
14 LITHIUM CARBONATE TABLETS 250MG; 1000'S R 224.64 65 14,602 2.19% 89.92%
1 AMOXYCILLIN CAPSULES PATIENT READY PACK;250MG;15'S R 2.68 5000 13,388 2.01% 91.93%
9 ETHAMBUTOL,RIFAMPICIN,ISONIAZID AND PYRAZINAMIDE TABLETS:225/120/60/300MG;100'S R 83.56 160 13,370 2.01% 93.93%
21 RESERPINE TABLETS PATIENT READY PACKS;0,25MG;14'S R 7.24 1400 10,130 1.52% 95.45%
19 PARACETAMOL TABLETS 500MG;500'S R 16.61 600 9,968 1.50% 96.95%
7 CO-TRIMOXAZOLE 480mg TABLETS PATIENT READY PACK;20'S R 1.91 3000 5,724 0.86% 97.81%
17 NUR-ISTERATE:NORETHISTERONE ENANTATE INJECTION LONG-ACTING;200MG/ML;1ML R 5.66 1000 5,659 0.85% 98.66%
11 IBUPROFEN SUSPENSION:PAEDIATRIC;100MG/5ML;100ML R 11.18 500 5,589 0.84% 99.49%
24 VACCINE POLIOMYELITIS;ORAL TRIVALENT;10 DOSE R 5.31 600 3,188 0.48% 99.97%
8 DIAZEPAM TABLETS 5MG ;1000'S R 9.90 15 148 0.02% 99.99%
16 MERCUROCHROME SOLUTION; 1%; DROPPER BOTTLE; 20ML R 0.68 50 34 0.01% 100.00%
70.79%
11 items
19.13%
5 items
A
B
C
10.08%
10 items
43
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0
%
5
%
1
0
%
1
5
%
2
0
%
2
5
%
3
0
%
3
5
%
4
0
%
4
5
%
5
0
%
5
5
%
6
0
%
6
5
%
7
0
%
7
5
%
8
0
%
8
5
%
9
0
%
9
5
%
Cumulative No. of Items (%)
C
u
m
u
l
a
t
i
v
e

I
t
e
m
s

V
a
l
u
e

(
%
)
44

45
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0
%
5
%
1
0
%
1
5
%
2
0
%
2
5
%
3
0
%
3
5
%
4
0
%
4
5
%
5
0
%
5
5
%
6
0
%
6
5
%
7
0
%
7
5
%
8
0
%
8
5
%
9
0
%
9
5
%
Cumulative No. of Items (%)
C
u
m
u
l
a
t
i
v
e

I
t
e
m
s

V
a
l
u
e

(
%
)
46
TOTAL = 666,643 NO.ITEMS = 26
Pack Qty % of Value
Description Price Issued Value Value Cum%
20 PERINDOPRIL TABLET 4MG;28'S R 20.08 3000 60,226 9.03% 9.03%
13 ISONIAZID AND THIACETAZONE TABLETS 133MG AND 50MG;1000'S R 61.65 800 49,320 7.40% 16.43%
18 PARACETAMOL AND CODEINE TABLETS500MG;8MG;20'S R 2.38 20000 47,520 7.13% 23.56%
2 AMPHOTERICIN B FOR INJECTIONINTRAVENOUS;50MG R 115.27 400 46,109 6.92% 30.48%
25 VITAMIN B6 TABLETS 25MG;500'S R 11.30 4000 45,200 6.78% 37.26%
3 BECLOMETHASONE DIPROPIONATE INHALER;50MCG/DOSE;200 DOSES R 36.31 1200 43,572 6.54% 43.79%
23 THIOPENTONE SODIUM INJECTION 0.5G/20ML;W/OUT DILUENT;MIXER VIAL;20ML R 10.18 4000 40,705 6.11% 49.90%
15 LOPERAMIDE 2MG TABLETS;6'S R 1.22 30000 36,462 5.47% 55.37%
10 GENTAMICIN SULPHATE INJECTION80MG/2ML;2ML R 1.97 18000 35,381 5.31% 60.68%
12 INSULIN INJECTION:HUMAN;SOLUBLE 30%;ISOPHANE 70%;100IU/ML;10ML R 33.74 1000 33,739 5.06% 65.74%
6 CLOXACILLIN SODIUM FOR INJECTION500MG R 2.81 12000 33,696 5.05% 70.79%
22 TEST STRIPS AND COLOR CHART,GLUCOSE IN BLOOD ACCUTREND;50'S R 42.46 700 29,724 4.46% 75.25%
4 CARBAMAZEPINE 200MG TABLET;PATIENT READY PACK;84'S R 19.73 1500 29,596 4.44% 79.69%
5 CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE DETERGENT SOLUTION4%;SURGICAL SCRUB;500ML R 10.75 2500 26,865 4.03% 83.72%
26 WATER FOR INJECTION PLASTIC;10ML R 0.53 50000 26,729 4.01% 87.73%
14 LITHIUM CARBONATE TABLETS 250MG; 1000'S R 224.64 65 14,602 2.19% 89.92%
1 AMOXYCILLIN CAPSULES PATIENT READY PACK;250MG;15'S R 2.68 5000 13,388 2.01% 91.93%
9 ETHAMBUTOL,RIFAMPICIN,ISONIAZID AND PYRAZINAMIDE TABLETS:225/120/60/300MG;100'S R 83.56 160 13,370 2.01% 93.93%
21 RESERPINE TABLETS PATIENT READY PACKS;0,25MG;14'S R 7.24 1400 10,130 1.52% 95.45%
19 PARACETAMOL TABLETS 500MG;500'S R 16.61 600 9,968 1.50% 96.95%
7 CO-TRIMOXAZOLE 480mg TABLETS PATIENT READY PACK;20'S R 1.91 3000 5,724 0.86% 97.81%
17 NUR-ISTERATE:NORETHISTERONE ENANTATE INJECTION LONG-ACTING;200MG/ML;1ML R 5.66 1000 5,659 0.85% 98.66%
11 IBUPROFEN SUSPENSION:PAEDIATRIC;100MG/5ML;100ML R 11.18 500 5,589 0.84% 99.49%
24 VACCINE POLIOMYELITIS;ORAL TRIVALENT;10 DOSE R 5.31 600 3,188 0.48% 99.97%
8 DIAZEPAM TABLETS 5MG ;1000'S R 9.90 15 148 0.02% 99.99%
16 MERCUROCHROME SOLUTION; 1%; DROPPER BOTTLE; 20ML R 0.68 50 34 0.01% 100.00%
70.79%
11 items
19.13%
5 items
A
B
C
10.08%
10 items
47
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0
%
5
%
1
0
%
1
5
%
2
0
%
2
5
%
3
0
%
3
5
%
4
0
%
4
5
%
5
0
%
5
5
%
6
0
%
6
5
%
7
0
%
7
5
%
8
0
%
8
5
%
9
0
%
9
5
%
Cumulative No. of Items (%)
C
u
m
u
l
a
t
i
v
e

I
t
e
m
s

V
a
l
u
e

(
%
)
48
TOTAL = 666,643 NO.ITEMS = 26
Pack Qty % of Value
Description Price Issued Value Value Cum%
20 PERINDOPRIL TABLET 4MG;28'S R 20.08 3000 60,226 9.03% 9.03%
13 ISONIAZID AND THIACETAZONE TABLETS 133MG AND 50MG;1000'S R 61.65 800 49,320 7.40% 16.43%
18 PARACETAMOL AND CODEINE TABLETS500MG;8MG;20'S R 2.38 20000 47,520 7.13% 23.56%
2 AMPHOTERICIN B FOR INJECTIONINTRAVENOUS;50MG R 115.27 400 46,109 6.92% 30.48%
25 VITAMIN B6 TABLETS 25MG;500'S R 11.30 4000 45,200 6.78% 37.26%
3 BECLOMETHASONE DIPROPIONATE INHALER;50MCG/DOSE;200 DOSES R 36.31 1200 43,572 6.54% 43.79%
23 THIOPENTONE SODIUM INJECTION 0.5G/20ML;W/OUT DILUENT;MIXER VIAL;20ML R 10.18 4000 40,705 6.11% 49.90%
15 LOPERAMIDE 2MG TABLETS;6'S R 1.22 30000 36,462 5.47% 55.37%
10 GENTAMICIN SULPHATE INJECTION80MG/2ML;2ML R 1.97 18000 35,381 5.31% 60.68%
12 INSULIN INJECTION:HUMAN;SOLUBLE 30%;ISOPHANE 70%;100IU/ML;10ML R 33.74 1000 33,739 5.06% 65.74%
6 CLOXACILLIN SODIUM FOR INJECTION500MG R 2.81 12000 33,696 5.05% 70.79%
22 TEST STRIPS AND COLOR CHART,GLUCOSE IN BLOOD ACCUTREND;50'S R 42.46 700 29,724 4.46% 75.25%
4 CARBAMAZEPINE 200MG TABLET;PATIENT READY PACK;84'S R 19.73 1500 29,596 4.44% 79.69%
5 CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE DETERGENT SOLUTION4%;SURGICAL SCRUB;500ML R 10.75 2500 26,865 4.03% 83.72%
26 WATER FOR INJECTION PLASTIC;10ML R 0.53 50000 26,729 4.01% 87.73%
14 LITHIUM CARBONATE TABLETS 250MG; 1000'S R 224.64 65 14,602 2.19% 89.92%
1 AMOXYCILLIN CAPSULES PATIENT READY PACK;250MG;15'S R 2.68 5000 13,388 2.01% 91.93%
9 ETHAMBUTOL,RIFAMPICIN,ISONIAZID AND PYRAZINAMIDE TABLETS:225/120/60/300MG;100'S R 83.56 160 13,370 2.01% 93.93%
21 RESERPINE TABLETS PATIENT READY PACKS;0,25MG;14'S R 7.24 1400 10,130 1.52% 95.45%
19 PARACETAMOL TABLETS 500MG;500'S R 16.61 600 9,968 1.50% 96.95%
7 CO-TRIMOXAZOLE 480mg TABLETS PATIENT READY PACK;20'S R 1.91 3000 5,724 0.86% 97.81%
17 NUR-ISTERATE:NORETHISTERONE ENANTATE INJECTION LONG-ACTING;200MG/ML;1ML R 5.66 1000 5,659 0.85% 98.66%
11 IBUPROFEN SUSPENSION:PAEDIATRIC;100MG/5ML;100ML R 11.18 500 5,589 0.84% 99.49%
24 VACCINE POLIOMYELITIS;ORAL TRIVALENT;10 DOSE R 5.31 600 3,188 0.48% 99.97%
8 DIAZEPAM TABLETS 5MG ;1000'S R 9.90 15 148 0.02% 99.99%
16 MERCUROCHROME SOLUTION; 1%; DROPPER BOTTLE; 20ML R 0.68 50 34 0.01% 100.00%
70.79%
11 items
19.13%
5 items
A
B
C
10.08%
10 items
49
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0
%
5
%
1
0
%
1
5
%
2
0
%
2
5
%
3
0
%
3
5
%
4
0
%
4
5
%
5
0
%
5
5
%
6
0
%
6
5
%
7
0
%
7
5
%
8
0
%
8
5
%
9
0
%
9
5
%
Cumulative No. of Items (%)
C
u
m
u
l
a
t
i
v
e

I
t
e
m
s

V
a
l
u
e

(
%
)
50
TOTAL = 666,643 NO.ITEMS = 26
Pack Qty % of Value
Description Price Issued Value Value Cum%
20 PERINDOPRIL TABLET 4MG;28'S R 20.08 3000 60,226 9.03% 9.03%
13 ISONIAZID AND THIACETAZONE TABLETS 133MG AND 50MG;1000'S R 61.65 800 49,320 7.40% 16.43%
18 PARACETAMOL AND CODEINE TABLETS500MG;8MG;20'S R 2.38 20000 47,520 7.13% 23.56%
2 AMPHOTERICIN B FOR INJECTIONINTRAVENOUS;50MG R 115.27 400 46,109 6.92% 30.48%
25 VITAMIN B6 TABLETS 25MG;500'S R 11.30 4000 45,200 6.78% 37.26%
3 BECLOMETHASONE DIPROPIONATE INHALER;50MCG/DOSE;200 DOSES R 36.31 1200 43,572 6.54% 43.79%
23 THIOPENTONE SODIUM INJECTION 0.5G/20ML;W/OUT DILUENT;MIXER VIAL;20ML R 10.18 4000 40,705 6.11% 49.90%
15 LOPERAMIDE 2MG TABLETS;6'S R 1.22 30000 36,462 5.47% 55.37%
10 GENTAMICIN SULPHATE INJECTION80MG/2ML;2ML R 1.97 18000 35,381 5.31% 60.68%
12 INSULIN INJECTION:HUMAN;SOLUBLE 30%;ISOPHANE 70%;100IU/ML;10ML R 33.74 1000 33,739 5.06% 65.74%
6 CLOXACILLIN SODIUM FOR INJECTION500MG R 2.81 12000 33,696 5.05% 70.79%
22 TEST STRIPS AND COLOR CHART,GLUCOSE IN BLOOD ACCUTREND;50'S R 42.46 700 29,724 4.46% 75.25%
4 CARBAMAZEPINE 200MG TABLET;PATIENT READY PACK;84'S R 19.73 1500 29,596 4.44% 79.69%
5 CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE DETERGENT SOLUTION4%;SURGICAL SCRUB;500ML R 10.75 2500 26,865 4.03% 83.72%
26 WATER FOR INJECTION PLASTIC;10ML R 0.53 50000 26,729 4.01% 87.73%
14 LITHIUM CARBONATE TABLETS 250MG; 1000'S R 224.64 65 14,602 2.19% 89.92%
1 AMOXYCILLIN CAPSULES PATIENT READY PACK;250MG;15'S R 2.68 5000 13,388 2.01% 91.93%
9 ETHAMBUTOL,RIFAMPICIN,ISONIAZID AND PYRAZINAMIDE TABLETS:225/120/60/300MG;100'S R 83.56 160 13,370 2.01% 93.93%
21 RESERPINE TABLETS PATIENT READY PACKS;0,25MG;14'S R 7.24 1400 10,130 1.52% 95.45%
19 PARACETAMOL TABLETS 500MG;500'S R 16.61 600 9,968 1.50% 96.95%
7 CO-TRIMOXAZOLE 480mg TABLETS PATIENT READY PACK;20'S R 1.91 3000 5,724 0.86% 97.81%
17 NUR-ISTERATE:NORETHISTERONE ENANTATE INJECTION LONG-ACTING;200MG/ML;1ML R 5.66 1000 5,659 0.85% 98.66%
11 IBUPROFEN SUSPENSION:PAEDIATRIC;100MG/5ML;100ML R 11.18 500 5,589 0.84% 99.49%
24 VACCINE POLIOMYELITIS;ORAL TRIVALENT;10 DOSE R 5.31 600 3,188 0.48% 99.97%
8 DIAZEPAM TABLETS 5MG ;1000'S R 9.90 15 148 0.02% 99.99%
16 MERCUROCHROME SOLUTION; 1%; DROPPER BOTTLE; 20ML R 0.68 50 34 0.01% 100.00%
70.79%
11 items
19.13%
5 items
A
B
C
10.08%
10 items
51
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0
%
5
%
1
0
%
1
5
%
2
0
%
2
5
%
3
0
%
3
5
%
4
0
%
4
5
%
5
0
%
5
5
%
6
0
%
6
5
%
7
0
%
7
5
%
8
0
%
8
5
%
9
0
%
9
5
%
Cumulative No. of Items (%)
C
u
m
u
l
a
t
i
v
e

I
t
e
m
s

V
a
l
u
e

(
%
)
52
TOTAL = 666,643 NO.ITEMS = 26
Pack Qty % of Value
Description Price Issued Value Value Cum%
20 PERINDOPRIL TABLET 4MG;28'S R 20.08 3000 60,226 9.03% 9.03%
13 ISONIAZID AND THIACETAZONE TABLETS 133MG AND 50MG;1000'S R 61.65 800 49,320 7.40% 16.43%
18 PARACETAMOL AND CODEINE TABLETS500MG;8MG;20'S R 2.38 20000 47,520 7.13% 23.56%
2 AMPHOTERICIN B FOR INJECTIONINTRAVENOUS;50MG R 115.27 400 46,109 6.92% 30.48%
25 VITAMIN B6 TABLETS 25MG;500'S R 11.30 4000 45,200 6.78% 37.26%
3 BECLOMETHASONE DIPROPIONATE INHALER;50MCG/DOSE;200 DOSES R 36.31 1200 43,572 6.54% 43.79%
23 THIOPENTONE SODIUM INJECTION 0.5G/20ML;W/OUT DILUENT;MIXER VIAL;20ML R 10.18 4000 40,705 6.11% 49.90%
15 LOPERAMIDE 2MG TABLETS;6'S R 1.22 30000 36,462 5.47% 55.37%
10 GENTAMICIN SULPHATE INJECTION80MG/2ML;2ML R 1.97 18000 35,381 5.31% 60.68%
12 INSULIN INJECTION:HUMAN;SOLUBLE 30%;ISOPHANE 70%;100IU/ML;10ML R 33.74 1000 33,739 5.06% 65.74%
6 CLOXACILLIN SODIUM FOR INJECTION500MG R 2.81 12000 33,696 5.05% 70.79%
22 TEST STRIPS AND COLOR CHART,GLUCOSE IN BLOOD ACCUTREND;50'S R 42.46 700 29,724 4.46% 75.25%
4 CARBAMAZEPINE 200MG TABLET;PATIENT READY PACK;84'S R 19.73 1500 29,596 4.44% 79.69%
5 CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE DETERGENT SOLUTION4%;SURGICAL SCRUB;500ML R 10.75 2500 26,865 4.03% 83.72%
26 WATER FOR INJECTION PLASTIC;10ML R 0.53 50000 26,729 4.01% 87.73%
14 LITHIUM CARBONATE TABLETS 250MG; 1000'S R 224.64 65 14,602 2.19% 89.92%
1 AMOXYCILLIN CAPSULES PATIENT READY PACK;250MG;15'S R 2.68 5000 13,388 2.01% 91.93%
9 ETHAMBUTOL,RIFAMPICIN,ISONIAZID AND PYRAZINAMIDE TABLETS:225/120/60/300MG;100'S R 83.56 160 13,370 2.01% 93.93%
21 RESERPINE TABLETS PATIENT READY PACKS;0,25MG;14'S R 7.24 1400 10,130 1.52% 95.45%
19 PARACETAMOL TABLETS 500MG;500'S R 16.61 600 9,968 1.50% 96.95%
7 CO-TRIMOXAZOLE 480mg TABLETS PATIENT READY PACK;20'S R 1.91 3000 5,724 0.86% 97.81%
17 NUR-ISTERATE:NORETHISTERONE ENANTATE INJECTION LONG-ACTING;200MG/ML;1ML R 5.66 1000 5,659 0.85% 98.66%
11 IBUPROFEN SUSPENSION:PAEDIATRIC;100MG/5ML;100ML R 11.18 500 5,589 0.84% 99.49%
24 VACCINE POLIOMYELITIS;ORAL TRIVALENT;10 DOSE R 5.31 600 3,188 0.48% 99.97%
8 DIAZEPAM TABLETS 5MG ;1000'S R 9.90 15 148 0.02% 99.99%
16 MERCUROCHROME SOLUTION; 1%; DROPPER BOTTLE; 20ML R 0.68 50 34 0.01% 100.00%
70.79%
11 items
19.13%
5 items
A
B
C
10.08%
10 items
53
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0
%
5
%
1
0
%
1
5
%
2
0
%
2
5
%
3
0
%
3
5
%
4
0
%
4
5
%
5
0
%
5
5
%
6
0
%
6
5
%
7
0
%
7
5
%
8
0
%
8
5
%
9
0
%
9
5
%
Cumulative No. of Items (%)
C
u
m
u
l
a
t
i
v
e

I
t
e
m
s

V
a
l
u
e

(
%
)
54
TOTAL = 666,643 NO.ITEMS = 26
Pack Qty % of Value
Description Price Issued Value Value Cum%
20 PERINDOPRIL TABLET 4MG;28'S R 20.08 3000 60,226 9.03% 9.03%
13 ISONIAZID AND THIACETAZONE TABLETS 133MG AND 50MG;1000'S R 61.65 800 49,320 7.40% 16.43%
18 PARACETAMOL AND CODEINE TABLETS500MG;8MG;20'S R 2.38 20000 47,520 7.13% 23.56%
2 AMPHOTERICIN B FOR INJECTIONINTRAVENOUS;50MG R 115.27 400 46,109 6.92% 30.48%
25 VITAMIN B6 TABLETS 25MG;500'S R 11.30 4000 45,200 6.78% 37.26%
3 BECLOMETHASONE DIPROPIONATE INHALER;50MCG/DOSE;200 DOSES R 36.31 1200 43,572 6.54% 43.79%
23 THIOPENTONE SODIUM INJECTION 0.5G/20ML;W/OUT DILUENT;MIXER VIAL;20ML R 10.18 4000 40,705 6.11% 49.90%
15 LOPERAMIDE 2MG TABLETS;6'S R 1.22 30000 36,462 5.47% 55.37%
10 GENTAMICIN SULPHATE INJECTION80MG/2ML;2ML R 1.97 18000 35,381 5.31% 60.68%
12 INSULIN INJECTION:HUMAN;SOLUBLE 30%;ISOPHANE 70%;100IU/ML;10ML R 33.74 1000 33,739 5.06% 65.74%
6 CLOXACILLIN SODIUM FOR INJECTION500MG R 2.81 12000 33,696 5.05% 70.79%
22 TEST STRIPS AND COLOR CHART,GLUCOSE IN BLOOD ACCUTREND;50'S R 42.46 700 29,724 4.46% 75.25%
4 CARBAMAZEPINE 200MG TABLET;PATIENT READY PACK;84'S R 19.73 1500 29,596 4.44% 79.69%
5 CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE DETERGENT SOLUTION4%;SURGICAL SCRUB;500ML R 10.75 2500 26,865 4.03% 83.72%
26 WATER FOR INJECTION PLASTIC;10ML R 0.53 50000 26,729 4.01% 87.73%
14 LITHIUM CARBONATE TABLETS 250MG; 1000'S R 224.64 65 14,602 2.19% 89.92%
1 AMOXYCILLIN CAPSULES PATIENT READY PACK;250MG;15'S R 2.68 5000 13,388 2.01% 91.93%
9 ETHAMBUTOL,RIFAMPICIN,ISONIAZID AND PYRAZINAMIDE TABLETS:225/120/60/300MG;100'S R 83.56 160 13,370 2.01% 93.93%
21 RESERPINE TABLETS PATIENT READY PACKS;0,25MG;14'S R 7.24 1400 10,130 1.52% 95.45%
19 PARACETAMOL TABLETS 500MG;500'S R 16.61 600 9,968 1.50% 96.95%
7 CO-TRIMOXAZOLE 480mg TABLETS PATIENT READY PACK;20'S R 1.91 3000 5,724 0.86% 97.81%
17 NUR-ISTERATE:NORETHISTERONE ENANTATE INJECTION LONG-ACTING;200MG/ML;1ML R 5.66 1000 5,659 0.85% 98.66%
11 IBUPROFEN SUSPENSION:PAEDIATRIC;100MG/5ML;100ML R 11.18 500 5,589 0.84% 99.49%
24 VACCINE POLIOMYELITIS;ORAL TRIVALENT;10 DOSE R 5.31 600 3,188 0.48% 99.97%
8 DIAZEPAM TABLETS 5MG ;1000'S R 9.90 15 148 0.02% 99.99%
16 MERCUROCHROME SOLUTION; 1%; DROPPER BOTTLE; 20ML R 0.68 50 34 0.01% 100.00%
70.79%
11 items
19.13%
5 items
A
B
C
10.08%
10 items
55
Pack Qty % of Value
VEN Description Price Issued Value Value Cum%
E PERINDOPRIL TABLET 4MG;28'S R 20.08 3000 60,226 9.03% 9.03%
E ISONIAZID AND THIACETAZONE TABLETS 133MG AND 50MG;1000'S R 61.65 800 49,320 7.40% 16.43%
N PARACETAMOL AND CODEINE TABLETS500MG;8MG;20'S R 2.38 20000 47,520 7.13% 23.56%
V AMPHOTERICIN B FOR INJECTIONINTRAVENOUS;50MG R 115.27 400 46,109 6.92% 30.48%
N VITAMIN B6 TABLETS 25MG;500'S R 11.30 4000 45,200 6.78% 37.26%
E BECLOMETHASONE DIPROPIONATE INHALER;50MCG/DOSE;200 DOSES R 36.31 1200 43,572 6.54% 43.79%
V THIOPENTONE SODIUM INJECTION 0.5G/20ML;W/OUT DILUENT;MIXER VIAL;20ML R 10.18 4000 40,705 6.11% 49.90%
N LOPERAMIDE 2MG TABLETS;6'S R 1.22 30000 36,462 5.47% 55.37%
V GENTAMICIN SULPHATE INJECTION80MG/2ML;2ML R 1.97 18000 35,381 5.31% 60.68%
E INSULIN INJECTION:HUMAN;SOLUBLE 30%;ISOPHANE 70%;100IU/ML;10ML R 33.74 1000 33,739 5.06% 65.74%
E CLOXACILLIN SODIUM FOR INJECTION500MG R 2.81 12000 33,696 5.05% 70.79%
N TEST STRIPS AND COLOR CHART,GLUCOSE IN BLOOD ACCUTREND;50'S R 42.46 700 29,724 4.46% 75.25%
E CARBAMAZEPINE 200MG TABLET;PATIENT READY PACK;84'S R 19.73 1500 29,596 4.44% 79.69%
E CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE DETERGENT SOLUTION4%;SURGICAL SCRUB;500ML R 10.75 2500 26,865 4.03% 83.72%
E WATER FOR INJECTION PLASTIC;10ML R 0.53 50000 26,729 4.01% 87.73%
E LITHIUM CARBONATE TABLETS 250MG; 1000'S R 224.64 65 14,602 2.19% 89.92%
E AMOXYCILLIN CAPSULES PATIENT READY PACK;250MG;15'S R 2.68 5000 13,388 2.01% 91.93%
E ETHAMBUTOL,RIFAMPICIN,ISONIAZID AND PYRAZINAMIDE TABLETS:225/120/60/300MG;100'S R 83.56 160 13,370 2.01% 93.93%
N RESERPINE TABLETS PATIENT READY PACKS;0,25MG;14'S R 7.24 1400 10,130 1.52% 95.45%
E PARACETAMOL TABLETS 500MG;500'S R 16.61 600 9,968 1.50% 96.95%
N CO-TRIMOXAZOLE 480mg TABLETS PATIENT READY PACK;20'S R 1.91 3000 5,724 0.86% 97.81%
N NUR-ISTERATE:NORETHISTERONE ENANTATE INJECTION LONG-ACTING;200MG/ML;1ML R 5.66 1000 5,659 0.85% 98.66%
N IBUPROFEN SUSPENSION:PAEDIATRIC;100MG/5ML;100ML R 11.18 500 5,589 0.84% 99.49%
E VACCINE POLIOMYELITIS;ORAL TRIVALENT;10 DOSE R 5.31 600 3,188 0.48% 99.97%
E DIAZEPAM TABLETS 5MG ;1000'S R 9.90 15 148 0.02% 99.99%
N MERCUROCHROME SOLUTION; 1%; DROPPER BOTTLE; 20ML R 0.68 50 34 0.01% 100.00%
A
56
VEN ANALYSIS

Each member should classify aii the medicine as V, E or N

Result compiled and an overall clasification agreed in the
DCM

DCM identify and limit therapeutic duplication

DCM examine all N items for reduce quantities purchase or
elimination

Reconsider proposed purchase quantities, buying V and E
over N items and ensuring that safety stocks are higher

Monitor drug ordering and stock levels for V and E items
more closely than for N items

57
ABC ANALYSIS

Pharmacist prepare drug consumption data over a one-year
period or shorter.

Present graphically

Reveal high usage items for which there are lower-cost
alternatives on the list or available in the market
Choose more cost-effective alternative drugs
Identify opportunities for therapeutic substitution
Negotiate lower prices with suppliers

Measure the degree to which actual drug consumption
reflects public health needs
Identify irrational drug use through comparing drug consumption to
morbidity patterns

Identify purchases for items not on hospital essential drug
list

58
There are numerous methods to obtain information
about drug use.

Aggregate methods like the ABC /VEN analysis are a
useful way to gain an overview of drug use problems
using routine data not collected at the individual
patient level.

We should be aware of these tools to identify drug
use problems and periodically utilize these tools to
assess the current drug use situation.

This close analysis will produce useful information on
drugs and therapeutics that will need more in-depth
evaluation