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Petawatts Insolation Atmosphere Spectrum Visible Near-Infrared Near-Ultraviolet Oceans

The Earth receives 174 petawatts of solar radiation annually, with 30% reflecting back to space and the rest being absorbed by the atmosphere, oceans, and land. This solar absorption warms the air, driving atmospheric circulation and the water cycle. Photosynthesis by plants captures approximately 3,000 exajoules of solar energy per year as biomass. The total solar energy absorbed per year is 3,850,000 exajoules, which is more than the world's total annual energy usage and twice the energy contained in all non-renewable resources.

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Ravi Dingari
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39 views1 page

Petawatts Insolation Atmosphere Spectrum Visible Near-Infrared Near-Ultraviolet Oceans

The Earth receives 174 petawatts of solar radiation annually, with 30% reflecting back to space and the rest being absorbed by the atmosphere, oceans, and land. This solar absorption warms the air, driving atmospheric circulation and the water cycle. Photosynthesis by plants captures approximately 3,000 exajoules of solar energy per year as biomass. The total solar energy absorbed per year is 3,850,000 exajoules, which is more than the world's total annual energy usage and twice the energy contained in all non-renewable resources.

Uploaded by

Ravi Dingari
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Earth receives 174 petawatts (PW) of incoming solar radiation (insolation) at the

upper atmosphere.
[3]
Approximately 30% is reflected back to space while the rest is
absorbed by clouds, oceans and land masses. The spectrum of solar light at the Earth's
surface is mostly spread across the visible and near-infrared ranges with a small part in
the near-ultraviolet.
[4]

Earth's land surface, oceans and atmosphere absorb solar radiation, and this raises
their temperature. Warm air containing evaporated water from the oceans
rises, causing atmospheric circulation or convection. When the air reaches a high
altitude, where the temperature is low, water vapor condenses into clouds, which rain
onto the Earth's surface, completing the water cycle. The latent heat of water
condensation amplifies convection, producing atmospheric phenomena such
as wind, cyclones and anti-cyclones.
[5]
Sunlight absorbed by the oceans and land
masses keeps the surface at an average temperature of
14 C.
[6]
By photosynthesis green plants convert solar energy into chemical energy,
which produces food, wood and the biomass from which fossil fuels are derived.
[7]

The total solar energy absorbed by Earth's atmosphere, oceans and land masses is
approximately 3,850,000 exajoules (EJ) per year.
[8]
In 2002, this was more energy in
one hour than the world used in one year.
[13][14]
Photosynthesis captures approximately
3,000 EJ per year in biomass.
[15]
The technical potential availablefrom biomass is from
100300 EJ/year.
[10]
The amount of solar energy reaching the surface of the planet is so
vast that in one year it is about twice as much as will ever be obtained from all of the
Earth's non-renewable resources of coal, oil, natural gas, and mined uranium
combined,
[16]

Solar energy can be harnessed at different levels around the world, mostly depending
on distance from the equator.

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