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Introduction To The R Language Introduction To The R Language

This document introduces the tapply function in R which applies a function over subsets of a vector. Tapply takes a vector X, an index factor or list of factors INDEX, and a function FUN to apply. It returns the result of applying FUN to each group defined by INDEX. Examples show using tapply to calculate group means of a vector grouped by a factor, both with and without simplification, as well as using it to find the range of values within each group.

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Augusto Ferrari
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30 views5 pages

Introduction To The R Language Introduction To The R Language

This document introduces the tapply function in R which applies a function over subsets of a vector. Tapply takes a vector X, an index factor or list of factors INDEX, and a function FUN to apply. It returns the result of applying FUN to each group defined by INDEX. Examples show using tapply to calculate group means of a vector grouped by a factor, both with and without simplification, as well as using it to find the range of values within each group.

Uploaded by

Augusto Ferrari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction to the R Language Introduction to the R Language

Loop Functions - tapply


Roger Peng, Associate Professor
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
tapply tapply
tapply is used to apply a function over subsets of a vector. I dont know why its called tapply.
> str(tapply)
function (X, INDEX, FUN = NULL, ..., simplify = TRUE)
X is a vector
INDEX is a factor or a list of factors (or else they are coerced to factors)
FUN is a function to be applied
... contains other arguments to be passed FUN
simplify, should we simplify the result?

2/14
tapply tapply
Take group means.
> x <- c(rnorm(10), runif(10), rnorm(10, 1))
> f <- gl(3, 10)
> f
[1] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3
[24] 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Levels: 1 2 3
> tapply(x, f, mean)
1 2 3
0.1144464 0.5163468 1.2463678
3/14
tapply tapply
Take group means without simplication.
> tapply(x, f, mean, simplify = FALSE)
$1
[1] 0.1144464
$2
[1] 0.5163468
$3
[1] 1.246368
4/14
tapply tapply
Find group ranges.
> tapply(x, f, range)
$1
[1] -1.097309 2.694970
$2
[1] 0.09479023 0.79107293
$3
[1] 0.4717443 2.5887025
5/14

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