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Computer Architecture: Arithmetic Logic Operation Miscellaneous

The microprocessor chip was invented in 1969 and became commercially available in 1971, making it a chief component of modern computers. Without a microprocessor, a computer would just be a pile of connected electronic parts. The main components of a computer's central processing unit are the main memory, arithmetic logic unit, and control unit. The ALU processes data from main memory using arithmetic and logical operations and returns results to the memory or output devices under the control of the control unit. Data and programs can also be stored permanently in secondary memory like hard disks.

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22 views2 pages

Computer Architecture: Arithmetic Logic Operation Miscellaneous

The microprocessor chip was invented in 1969 and became commercially available in 1971, making it a chief component of modern computers. Without a microprocessor, a computer would just be a pile of connected electronic parts. The main components of a computer's central processing unit are the main memory, arithmetic logic unit, and control unit. The ALU processes data from main memory using arithmetic and logical operations and returns results to the memory or output devices under the control of the control unit. Data and programs can also be stored permanently in secondary memory like hard disks.

Uploaded by

SharathRaj
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Computer Architecture

The first microprocessor chip was invented by Dr. Ted Hoff of Intel Corporation (USA) in
1969 and it become commercially available in 1971. It is a chief component of computer,
without microprocessor computer is not computer but only pile of electromechanical,
electronic and plastic materials beautifully connected to each other.
The working mechanism of computer is not simple, it is a complex machine so, its
working mechanism is also very complex for new comers. Here, only summery of working
mechanism is presented in simple words:
Main memory, ALU and control unit is main part of CPU. All input data is stored in
main memory. The keyboard is a standard input device. When we input data through
it, data is stored in buffer storage of keyboard, until enter key is not pressed.
Data come to ALU for processing, after processing, data is returned back to main
memory. Main memory is a used as dark room of theater where actors/ actress are
masking themselves before going to stage and return back again after finishing their
performance.
From main memory, data go to secondary memory (Floppy, Hard Disk etc) for
permanent storage or may directly to go printer for hard copy.
We take data or any information from secondary memory. These data may be
processed in ALU then either return to secondary memory or go to output unit.
The control unit controls ALU, main memory, input/ output unit, secondary memory
and other peripherals.
ALU contains internal memory (Registers). In this unit, all type of mathematical and
logical data processing is successfully completed. It is used to perform several
operations:
Arithmetic Logic Operation
Miscellaneous
Addition,
Subtraction,
Multiplication,
Division,
Increment,
Decrement etc
Logical AND,
Logical OR,
Logical NOT,
Logical
EXCLUSIVE OR
Left Shift
Right Shift
Clear
Exponential, logarithmic, trigonometric and floating-




Function of ALU:.
(a) It accepts operands from registers.
(b) It performs arithmetic and logical operations.
(c) It returns results to register or a memory.
(d) The status of an ALU operation (negative, carry, zero, overflow) is available for writing
into Flags register (FL).

point operations are not done by ALU. Special purpose
math processor called FPU (Floating-Point Unit)
Performs these operations. Now a day, on board FPU is
used.

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