SAMPLE OF WRITING

TASK 1
The graph below shows the changes in maximum number of Asian elephants between 1994 and
2007.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where
relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
model answer:
The graph shows the estimated maximum population of elephants in a range of Asian countries in both
1997 and 2004.
In most of the countries included in the graph, the population fell. This was most noticeable in Malaysia
and Thailand, where the number of elephants was thought to be less than half the figure in 1997. In the
former, the number of elephants dropped as low as 1000. India remained the country with by far
the largest elephant population, but experienced a dramatic fall in numbers so that in 2004 there may
have been as few as 7500. Despite its size, China had a very small population of at most 500 elephants
by 2004.
Although the trend was downwards overall, elephant populations were thought to have remained stable in
Laos and Vietnam at approximately 1200. The only country where elephants showed signs of recovering
was Cambodia, where numbers may have risen by up to 200.
The diagram below shows the process by which bricks are manufactured for the building
industry.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where
relevant.
Brick manufacturing
The process by which bricks are manufactured for the building industry can be outlined in seven
consecutive steps.
First the raw material, clay, which was just below the surface of soil in certain clay-rich areas has to be
dug up by a digger.
Then the lumps of clay are placed on a metal grid in order to break up the big chunks of clay into much
smaller areas, which fall through the metal grid onto a roller, whose motion further segregates the bits of
clay. Sand and water are added to make a homogenous mixture, which is then either formed in moulds or
cut into brick-shaped pieces by means of a wire cutter.
Those fresh bricks are then kept in a drying oven for at least 24 and a maximum of 48 hours, several
dozen if not hundreds of bricks at a time. The dried bricks are then transferred to a so-called kiln, another
type of high temperature oven. First they are kept at a moderate temperature of 200C 1300C. This
process is followed by cooling down the finished bricks for 48 to 72 hours in a cooling chamber.
Once the bricks have cooled down and have become hard, they get packaged and delivered to their final
destination, be it a building site or storage.
Band 9
This response fully satisfies the requirements of the task. All key features of each stage of the process
are appropriately and accurately presented. An excellent overview is given at the beginning of the
response and this skilfully incorporates part of the rubric, changing the grammatical function, to give a
brief summary of the whole process. The message is very easy to read with seamless cohesion that
attracts no attention. Paragraphing, linking and referencing are all skilfully managed. The language used
is very fluent and sophisticated. A wide range of vocabulary and structures are used with full flexibility and
accuracy. Only rare minor
slips can be found and these do not detract from the high rating.
This script is a good example of a Band 9 performance.
The bar chart below shows the production of the worlds oil in OPEC and non-OPEC countries.
Write a short report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.
Write at least 150 words.
The graph gives past, present and future data concerning the production of worlds oil on OPEC and non-
OPEC countries. The figures indicate that while the production of oil in Middle Eastern OPEC countries is
predicted to increase considerably, oil production elsewhere is likely to fall.
Between 1980 and 2000, most of the worlds oil came from non-OPEC countries; only two million barrels
per day were produced by OPEC countries. Since then, these figures have changed considerably.
Between 2000 and 2010 it is predicted that approximately 10 million barrels will come from Middle
Eastern OPEC countries, while a further 10 million barrels will be provided by other OPEC or non-OPEC
countries.
Although forecasters predict that oil production is likely stabilise between 2010 and 2020, a lot more of
this oil is expected to come from the Middle Eastern OPEC countries, and under 5 million barrels per day
from other areas.
The bar charts below show the Marriage and Divorce Statistics for nine countries in 1981 and
1994.
Write a short report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.
Write at least 150 words.
As we can see from the information, there was a general trend for the number of marriage to decrease
over 13 years in most of the countries. In 1981, the USA had the most marriages (10.6 per thousand) but
by 1994 this had fallen to 9.1 per thousands. The number of marriages also fell substantially in Finland
and France. The only country where there was an increase in the number of marriage was Denmark.
By comparison the rate of divorce increased in most countries over the same period. The only exceptions
to this trend were Germany, where there was no change, and the USA and Denmark, where the figure
fell. The country with the fewest divorce in both 1981 and 1994 was Italy.
The table below gives statistics about the size of US households over a number of years.
(Household = all the people living together in one house.) Study the information and answer the
question.
Write a short report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.
Write at least 150 words.
US household by size 1790-1990
Year
Per cent distribution of number of households
Average population per
household
1
person
2
person
3
person
4
person
5
person
6
person
7
person
1790 3.7% 7.8% 11.7% 13.9% 13.9% 13.2 35.8% 5.4
1890 3.6% 13.2% 16.7% 16.8% 15.1% 11.6% 23.0% 4.9
1990 24.6% 32.2% 17.2% 15.6% 6.7% 2.3% 1.4% 2.6
We can see from the table that households in the US have become much smaller over the last 200 years.
Households in 1790 had an average of 5.4 members but by 1990 the figure had fallen by about half to
only 2.6.
In 1790 35.8% of all households had seven members. This was still the most common household size in
1890 but the proportion had dropped slightly to 23%. One-person households were the least common,
representing less than 4% of the total in both 1790 and 1890. By 1990, however, there had been a major
change. Now only about 1% of household had seven members, while 56.8% of all households consisted
of only one or two people.
The chart below gives information about global population percentages and distribution of wealth
by region.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where
relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
The chart compares population shares in various regions of the world with the distribution of wealth in
these same regions. It can be seen that population shares in almost all cases do not relate to the
distribution of wealth.
Even though North America has only approximately 6% of the worlds population, it boasts nearly 34% of
global wealth. A similar situation can be seen in Europe, which has 15% of the global population but 30%
of global wealth, and the rich (high income) Asia-Pacific countries with 5% of the worlds population but
24% of its wealth.
On the other hand, the total wealth of people in China, India, Africa, Latin America and Caribbean, and
the other poor (lower income) countries in Asia-Pacific is far less than their shares of the world
population. This is most striking in India, where 16% of the worlds population own only 1% of the worlds
wealth and in China, which has the highest percentage of global population (24%) but only 3% of the
worlds wealth.
The table shows the worldwide market share of the mobile phone market for manufactures in the years
2005 and 2006.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where
relevant.
Worldwide Mobile phone Sales in 2005 & 2006 (% share of market)
Company
2005 % Market
share
2006 %Market
share
Nokia 32.5 35
Motorola 17.7 21.1
Samsung 12.7 11.8
Sony Ericsson 6.3 7.4
L.G 6.7 6.3
BenQ Mobile 4.9 2.4
Others 19.2 16.2
TOTAL 100.0 100.0
The table gives information on the market share of mobile phone manufactures for two consecutive years,
2005 and 2006.
In both years, Nokia was clearly the market leader, selling 32.5% of all mobile phones in 2005, and
slightly more (35%) in 2006. This is a greater market share than its two closest competitors, Motorola and
Samsung, added together.
Motorola increased its market share from 17.7% in 2005 to 21.1% in 2006. In contrast, Samsung saw its
share of the market decline slightly from 12.7% to 11.8%.
The other companies listed each had a much smaller share of the market. Sony Ericssons share
increased from 6.3% in 2005 to 7.4% in 2006 whereas L.G decreased slightly from 6.7% to 6.3%. BenQ
Mobiles share more than halved from 2005 to 2006; from 4.9% of the market to only 2.4%.
Other mobile phone manufactures accounted for 19.2% of the market in 2005- more than all the
companies mentioned except Nokia. However, in 2006 the other companies only made 16.2% of mobile
phone sales- less than both Nokia and Motorola.
The table below gives information about rail transport in four countries in 2007.
Summarise the informati on by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
Country
Number of People using rail
transport (not including
metro)
Passenger
kilometres per
head of
population
Cargo
carried
(billions of
tons)
Malaysia 5.9 770 22.2
Canada 0.3 80 2820
China 27 1980 23.01
UAE 5.5 780 21.9
The table shows details for four countries concerning the percentage of the population who use the
railways, how many kilometres each person travels on average, and the number of tons of cargo the
railways carry.
What is surprising is that very few Americans use rail- less than half of one per cent- and they do not
travel far (just 80 kilometres). However, the Canada carries by far the most cargo, nearly 3 thousand
billion tons. This contrasts greatly with China, where 27% of the population use rail, and they each travel
further (1980 kilometres) than any of the other countries. On the other hand, less than 25 billion tons of
freight is carried.
The two countries which are most similar are the Malaysia and UAE. Both have between 5 and 6% of
people who use trains, they travel between 770 and 780 kilometres and the amount of freight is
approximately the same (22.2 and 21.9 billion tons respectively).
In general it can be seen that while citizens of the Canada use rail transport the least, they transport the
most amount of cargo by rail.
The flow chart illustrates the consequence of deforestation. Summarise the i nformation by
selecting and reporting the main features.
Write at least 150 words
The flow chart shows what typically occurs as a consequence of deforestation. When trees are removed,
there are four main immediate effects, which eventually result in flooding, degraded vegetation and a loss
of biodiversity.
One immediate effect is soil which has been compacted by heavy equipment. The result hard, baked soil
contributes to the run off of rain water and, eventually, flooding.
Another immediate consequence of logging is a reduction in the number of roots holding the soil together.
This leads to soil erosion. As a consequence, the quality and variety of vegetation is compromised.
The third immediate effect is burning, both deliberate and a consequence of an increased risk of forest
fires. The waste that remains after loggings is destroyed and the microorganisms that feed on this
material are lost. This leads to degraded vegetation.
The final immediate consequence is a reduction in the amount of moisture plants return to the air.
Because there is less moisture in the air, there is less precipitation and an increased incidence of
drought. This too reduces plant growth and ultimately results in degraded vegetation and a loss of
biodiversity.
The diagram shows how apple is canned.
Summarise the informati on by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant.
The diagram shows how fresh applet is canned. First the apple is picked from trees by hand. It is then
transported to the cannery by large trucks. At the cannery the apple is washed and quality checked, and
any poor quality apple is rejected.
The good quality apple is put into cold storage. When it is ready for canning the apple is weighted and
graded. The grading ensures that the apple of a similar size is kept together. After this the apple is peeled
and the cores are removed. It is then sliced into the required sizes and put into cans. J uice or syrup is
also added to the cans.
Once the cans have been filled they are sealed and cooked over heat to ensure that the cans are
sterilized. When the cans are cool, a label is attached and they are placed into storage. The canned apple
is now ready to be despatched to supermarkets and sold.
The bar chart shows different methods of waste disposal in four cities; Toronto, Madrid, Kuala
Lumpur and Amman. Summarize the information by describing the main features of the chart and
making comparisons where appropriate.
The bar chart depicts four types of waste disposal in four cities. Landfill was the most popular method of
waste disposal in Toronto and Amman. Toronto used landfill for disposing of about three-quarters of its
waste with the remaining quarter split between incineration, recycling and composting.
Amman used landfill for disposing of almost half of its waste with most of the rest being incinerated.
Incineration was the most popular method of waste disposal in Madrid and Kuala Lumpur.
Kuala Lumpur disposed of more than half its waste by incineration with less than one quarter going for
recycling and even less still going for landfill and composting. Recycling was the second least popular
method of waste disposal.
No cities disposed of more than 25% of its waste by recycling and in the case of Toronto, it was less than
10%. Composting was the least common method of waste disposal. No cities disposed of more than 10%
of its waste by compositing and Amman hardly did any composting.
The table below gives information on internet use in six categories by age group.
Describe the information in the table and make comparisons where appropriate.
Write at least 150 words.
Internet activities by age group
Age group
Activity% Teens 20s 30s 40s 50s 60s 70+
Get News 76 73 76 75 71 74 70
Online games 81 54 37 29 25 25 32
Downloads 52 46 27 15 13 8 6
Product
research
0 79 80 83 79 74 70
Buying a
product
43 68 69 68 67 65 41
Searching for
people
5 31 23 23 24 29 27
Comparing activities, we can see that getting news is the most popular activity with users of all ages. At
least 70% of people use the internet to get news.
Whilst 80% of teenagers play online games, this table drops to 54% of people in their twenties and 37%
of people in their thirties. Online gaming reaches a low of 25% with people in their fifties and then
increases in popularity with older people.
Downloads activity display a similar trend to internet games, but they are less popular in general and
decline markedly with people over age 40. Only6% of people over age 70 download.
Online Product research is made by over seventy percent of all people except for teenagers who do not
research product. Product research peak in the forties age group, when almost three-quarters of people
research for product in this way.
Buying a product online is equally popular with all internet users except those at either end of the age
scale: teens and internet users age 70 or older. Searching for people online is done by between one-
quarter and one-third of people depending on age, except for teenagers who make onlyfive searches out
of every 100.
The pie charts below show the percentage of housing owned and rented in the UK in 1991 and
2007. Summarize the information by describing the main features of the charts and making
comparisons where appropriate.
Housing owned and rented in the UK
The pie charts compare home ownership and renting for 1991 and 2007 in percentage terms. In 1991,
home owner were the most popular type of housing, accounting for 60%, or more than over half of all
homes. The next largest sector was social rented homes, amounting to 23% or nearly one-third of homes.
The remaining homes were mostly privately rented (11%) with a tiny fraction being social housing (6%).
Sixteen years later, in 2007, the number of home owners had risen to 70%, or almost three quarters of all
homes. This was an increase of 10% compared with 1991. Much of the increase in home ownership can
be explained by the decrease in social rented homes, which had dropped from 23% to 17%.
The percentage of privately rented homes had remained unchanged at 11%. However, there were 5
million more homes in 2007 compared with 1991 so the number of rented homes had increased despite
the same percentage. Social housing has decreased three-fold from 6% in 1991 to 2% in 2007, and it
remains the least popular type of housing.
The graph gives informati on about drinking habits of the US population by age. Summari se the
information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
The bar chart shows information about peoples drinking behavior by age group in the US. Several trends
are evident.
The highest proportion of those who never drink (nearly two-thirds) was in the 16 to 24 years group. The
proportion tended to decrease with age. Only 40 per cent of people aged 65 to 74 had never drink.
On the other hand, the percentage of those who had quit drinking tended to increase with age. Only 5 per
cent of those in the youngest age group (16 to 24) were ex-drinkers, as opposed to roughly 40 per cent of
those aged 65 to 75.
The percentage of those classed as heavy drinkers also showed a distinct pattern. People in middle age
(35 to 54) tended to be the heaviest drinkers approximately 13 per cent of the total. A relatively small
proportion of those in the youngest age group, and an even smaller percentage of those in the oldest
group (roughly 3 per cent) drink heavily.
Overall, age appears to be a significant factor in patterns of drinking behavior.
The table shows the average length of YouTube video advertisements and average length of time
viewers spend watching them. Summari se the information by selecting and reporting the main
features.
Average YouTube Video ad length and time viewed
Type of YoTube ad
Average length of
YoTube ad (seconds)
Average time
viewed(seconds)
Public service 66.7 28.1
Business and finance 35.1 24.6
Entertainment and news 30.8 26.5
Travel 28.7 23.0
Technology 39.3 20.9
Retail 26.5 20.1
Consumer electronics 24.9 17.3
Clothing 23.4 16.6
Pharmaceuticals 21.8 16.0
Lifestyle 33.7 14.3
Overall 38.1 20.4
The table shows the average length of YouTube video advertisements by sector and average
length of time viewers spent watching these advertisements.
The average length of the advertisements varied from a low of 21.8 seconds for pharmaceuticals
to a high of 66.7 for public service advertisements. With the exception of government- and technology-
related advertisements, in general, products and services which required a large financial commitment
tended to have longer advertisements. Entertainments, financial services and travel advertisements, for
example, were all twenty eight seconds on average or longer. Less expensive products, on the other
hand, such as consumer electronics, clothing and medicines, tended to have shorter advertisements.
Adverts for more expensive products or services also tended to be watched for longer than
adverts for less expensive items. Viewers on average watched more than 50 per cent of advertisements
for entertainment, travel, business and finance. In contrast, viewers tended to watch less of government
advertisements and advertisements for cheaper goods such as consumer electronics, clothing and
medicines.
Overall, length of YouTube video advertisements and length of time spent viewing such
advertisements appears to be associated with the perceived cost of the product or service being
advertised.
The table shows the percentage of journeys made by different forms of transport in four
countries, The bar graph shows the results of a survey into car use.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where
relevant.
J ourneys
made by
Canada Belgium Germany Netherland
Car 90% 72% 68% 47%
Bicycle 1% 2% 2% 26%
Public transport 3% 12% 18% 8%
On foot 5% 11% 11% 18%
Other 1% 3% 1% 1%
Most cited reasons peopl e travel to work by car (Canada)
The table compares modes of transport used in four countries: Canada, Belgium, Germany and the
Netherlands. Percentage of journeys made by car, bicycle, public transport and on foot are given. The bar
chart shows the results of a survey into reasons people in the Canada travel to work by car.
As can be seen from the table, cars were the most frequently used from of transport in all four countries.
However, the proportion of journeys made by car ranged from a low of 47 per cent in the Netherlands to a
high of 90 per cent in the Canada. Figures for the other forms of transport also varied considerably. Not
surprisingly, in the Netherlands, a high proportion of trips were made by bicycle (26%) and on foot (18%).
The highest rate of public transport use was in Germany, where nearly one in five journeys was made by
public transport.
The bar chart provides information that may help explain why car use in the Canada. The most frequently
cited reason was lack of any other alternative (38%). Although a sizeable percentage said it was more
convenient (12%), the other factors listed appeared to relate more to need than preference, e.g. working
night shift.
Overall, the figures show considerable variation in modes of transport used, though the car continues to
dominate in most contexts.
The bar graph below shows the numbers of male and female research students studying six
computer science subjects at a US university in 2011.
Summarise the informati on by selecting and report in the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant.
The bar chart shows the gender distribution of students doing computer scientific research across a range
of disciplines at a US university in 2011.
In five of the six disciplines, males outnumbered females. Male students made up a particularly large
proportion of the student group in subjects related to the study of programming objects: mathematics,
programming, and engineering. The gender gap was particularly large in the field of mathematics, where
there were five times as many male students as female students.
Men and women were more equally represented in subjects related to the study of computer science:
natural sciences, psychology, and linguistics. In natural science, there were nearly as many women
[approximately 200] as men [approximately 240]. This was also true of psychology. Linguistics was the
only discipline in which women outnumbered men [roughly 110 women vs. 90 men].
Overall, the chart shows that at this university, computer science subjects continue to be male-dominated;
however, women have a significant presence in fields related to psychology and the computer sciences.
The pie charts show the average consumption of food in the world in 2008 compared to two
countries; China and India.
Write a report to a universit y lecturer describing the data.
The graphs illustrate the consumption of 4 types of food used in the word in 2008. The figures are
compared to the amounts of food used in china and India in the same year.
As an overall trend, the two countries showed different food consumption from the world average, while
processed food consumption still had the largest percentages in all the three charts.
In particular, processed food consumption was the highest in the in the world, accounting for 41%, which
was followed by vegetables and fruits at 29% and animal food at a quarter. Only 4% consisted of nut and
seeds consumption.
Likewise, China used processed food in the largest proportion of 39%. Animal food showed the same
figure as the worlds average, 25%. Vegetable and fruits was used at 23% while nuts and seeds showed
less than a half figure.
In India, both vegetable and processed food were used the most in the year 2008 with percentages of
34% and 32% respectively, nuts and seeds used in this country showed the largest proportion among the
three charts given, making up 19% at this time.
The diagram shows the procedure for university entry for high school graduates.
Write a report for a university or college lecturer describing the information.
Write at least 150 words
The flowchart illustrates the various steps that a high school student must follow to enter university.
Once the high school has been obtained, students need to complete an application for university
entrance. This can be downloaded from the university website. The completed application should then be
sent to the administration.
Applicants receive a reply two weeks later which is provisional acceptance, a rejection or an acceptance.
If a rejection is received, students can either cancel their application altogether or complete an application
for an alternative course and send to the administration office.
A provisional acceptance means that more documentation is required. Applicants in this situation should
complete the additional documentation and submit them to the office. When an acceptance is received,
the applicant should complete the enrolment form and select which subjects he or she wishes to
undertake and register with the dean. When all this is complete, the applicant may enter university.
The graphs show changes in spending habits of people in UK between 1971 and 2001.
Write a report to a universit y lecturer describing the data.
Write at least 150 words
The pie charts show changes in UK spending patterns between 1971 and 30 years later, 2001.
As an overall trend, increased amounts of money spent on cars, computers and eating out were made up
for by drops in expenditure on food and books.
In detail, food and car made up the two biggest item of expenditure in both years. Together they
comprised over half of household spending in the UK. Food accounted for 44% of spending in 1971, but
this dropped by two thirds to 14% in 2001. However, the outlay on cars doubled, rising from 22% in 1971
to 43% in 2001.
Other areas changed significantly. Spending on eating out doubled, climbing from 7% to 14%. The
proportion of salary spent on computers increased dramatically, up from 2% in 1971 to 12% in 2001.
However, as computer expenditure rose, the percentage of outlay on books plunged from 6% to 1%.
The pie chart below shows the proportion of different categories of famili es living in poverty in UK
in 2002.
Summarise the informati on by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
Proportion of people from each household type li ving in poverty
The pie chart examines the different type of families who were living in poor conditions in UK in the year
2002.
As an overall trend, 14% of the entire households in UK at that time were in conditions of poverty. In
general, single people struggled more than couples.
In particular, as far as people with children are concerned, sole parents showed the highest percentage of
26% among all the given categories while couples with children accounted for a relatively smaller
percentage of 15%.
When it comes to people with no children, single people made up a large percentage of 24%, which is
almost the same figure for single people with children. On the other hand, only 9% of the couples without
any children suffered from poverty in 2002.
In terms of aged people, singles had a slightly higher percentage than couples. Only 7% and 5% of the
aged population had hardships in their living circumstances.
The bar charts below give information about the railway system in six cities in Europe.
Summarise the informati on by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant.
The bar charts illustrate comparable information related to railway systems in six capital cities in Europe;
Paris, Stockholm, Lisbon, Rome, Madrid and Berlin.
In general, railway systems in different cities vary in terms of the start dates of each system, the sizes,
and the numbers of passengers using the systems in a year.
As far as the ages are concerned, Paris has the oldest railway system among the six cities. It was opened
in the year 1863, which is incomparable to the other cities. On the other hand, Berlin has the newest
railway system which was opened in Europe 2001.
In terms of the sizes, Paris, for certain, has the longest route, 394km, which is nearly twice the figure
for Stockholm. Madrid, in contrast, has the shortest route in its railway system, only 28km.
When it comes to the numbers of people using the railway system in each, Lisbon shows the largest
number of 1927 million passengers in a year while Madrid serves the smallest number of railway users,
45 millions.
The bar graph indicates sales figures for reading materials from 2002 to 2012.
Write a report to a universit y lecturer describing the information shown below.
The graph shows the changes in the sales of four different types of publications for a decade since 2002.
In general, all the given categorise except hobbies book showed a rising trend in the sales over the
period. The sales of history books were the highest while those of art books were the lowest.
In particular, the sales of the biggest sellers, history books, experienced an overall growth during the
period. The sales were around 4500 copies in 2002, and then reached a peak of 10000 in 2008. Although
the figure dropped slightly after then, history books remained the greatest sellers with around 9000 copies
sold in 2012.
The sales of art books and entertainment books showed a similar pattern of a steady growth. The figure
for art books increased slowly from around 1500 copies in 2002 to just under 4000 in 2012 while that for
entertainment books went through a moderate rise from approximately 1300 copies in 2002 to 3000 in
2012.
On the other hand, the last category, hobbies book, did not show an upward trend. The sales of hobbies
book showed the lowest sales figures, and the figure generally remained constant at between 500 and
700 copies.
The graphs show figures relating to hours worked and stress levels amongst professionals in
eight groups.
Describe the information shown to a university or collage lecturer.
Two graphs give different information related to eight professional groups. The bar chart indicates the
number of weekly work hours done by the groups while the pie graph illustrates the percentages of
people suffering from stress related illness in the different professions given.
In general, business men work the longest among the eight groups while the smallest amount of time is
normally worked by lecturers. According to the pie chart, lecturers struggle the most with work-related
stress. Although their average working hours is smaller than any other group in the chart, lecturers suffer
from the highest level of stress caused by their job.
The bar graph shows that business men and movie producers work the most at about 70 hours and 62
hours per week respectively. At the opposite end of the scale, lecturers work only around 25 hours.
Working hours of other professionals varied with doctors, writers, programmers, lawyers and chefs
working approximately 52, 46, 35 and 32 hours per week in the name ordered.
The pie graph shows that the professional who has the highest incidence of stress related illnesses is
lecturers at 25%. Movie producers and doctors also have high rates with 18% and 15% each. The figures
for business men, lawyers, chefs and writers can be grouped into percentages between 11 and 8%. The
lowest rate of stress illness is attributed to programmers at only 5%, which is only a fifth the figure for
lecturers.
The table below gives information about changes in modes of travel in Netherland between 2001
and 2006.
Describe the information in the table and make comparisons where appropriate.
Average distance in miles travelled per person per year, by mode of travel
2001 2006
Walking 255 237
Bicycle 51 41
Car 3199 4806
Local bus 429 274
Local distance bus 54 124
Train 239 366
Taxi 13 42
Other 450 585
All modes 4740 6475
The chart illustrates average distance travelled by various modes of transport in Netherland in 2001 and
2006. The figures are given in miles and to show how peoples preference changed over time.
In general, people in Netherland travelled more in the year 2006 than in 2001. Cars showed unparalleled
figures among the given categories. Except walking, using bicycles and taking local buses, most of the
categories showed overall increases in the distance travelled.
In detail, a person driving his own car travelled 3,199 miles on average in 2001, and the average distance
showed a moderate rise to 4,806 miles in 2006. Apart from cars, taking trains, using long distance buses
and taxis also experienced an overall growth in their figures from 289 miles to 366, from 54 miles to 124,
and from 13 miles to 42 respectively in the order named.
On the other hand, walking and rising bicycles were not more favored by Dutch people. Both categories
showed a moderate decline in their figures. Meanwhile, the number of people who used local buses must
have dropped significantly as the average distance experienced a dramatic fall from 429 miles in 2001 to
274 miles in 2006.
The graphs indicate the source of compl aints about the bank of America and the amount of time it
takes to have the complaints resolved.
Summarise the informati on by selecting and report in the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant.
The two graphs depict different information related to complaints within the bank of America. The pie
graph shows the sources of complaints, while the bar graph illustrates the average time taken between
investigation into complaints and final action taken.
In general, by far the highest number of complaints against the bank of America originated from the
public. The bar graph shows the average time period between investigation and action is around 5
months.
63% of all complaints against the bank of America are lodged by the public. Of the remaining 37% of
complaints, the figures can be grouped into percentages between 11 and 8%, which are made up of
government agencies, out-of-state agencies, and insurance companies. Then interestingly, media and
bank employee made up and equal figure, 3% in the chart.
The bar graph shows that 2001 had the highest waiting time for complaints of medical misconduct at 6
months. Although there is a significant drop from 6 months in 2001 to 5 months in 2002, all previous and
proceeding years display an average waiting period of 5 months. Despite this, over time the average
waiting period is decreasing.
The flow chart below shows an automatic photo booth.
Summarise the informati on by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons
where relevant.
Autumatic Photo Booth
The flow chart shows the main feature of a coin-operated photo booth, which allows the user to take large
or passport-size self-portraits.
Two buttons on the outside of the booth allow you to select the size of photo (large format or passport
size). If the large format setting is chosen, you will only receive one photo. Passport-sized photos are
issued in sets of four. Two buttons below these let you choose colour or black and white, although you
must choose colour for passport photos. There is also a slot on the outside of the booth for the insertion
of coins, and a larger slot where the photos are delivered.
Inside the booth, there is an adjustable seat to sit on. The seat should be adjusted so that your eyes are
level with the arrow on the screen. A mirror allows you to check your appearance before the photos are
taken.
The curtain in the doorway should be closed when the photos are taken. A light to the right of the screen
comes on, telling you to prepare. After this, the flash goes off after three seconds. The photographs are
delivered outside within sixty seconds.
The pie graphs show the nutritional consi stency of two dinners.
Write a report to a universit y lecturer describing the data.
The graphs compare the proportion of various nutritional compounds contained in two different foods;
macaroni and medium baked potato.
In general, there are a larger percentage of carbohydrates and saturated fats in macaroni than in medium
baked potato. In contrast, medium baked potato has a much higher amount of protein and glucose.
In particular, macaroni mainly consists of large amounts of carbohydrate and saturated fats.
Carbohydrates take up slightly more than a half, 52%, while a little less than a quarter is made up of
saturated fats. The other nutrients show relatively lower proportions.
On the other hand, medium baked potato is mostly comprised of carbohydrates and protein. The amount
of carbohydrates in the food is less than in macaroni, but they still take up the greatest percentage of 35%
in medium baked potato. Interestingly, this dinner cereal has a large amount of protein with 25%, which is
very different from macaroni. The other types of nutrients do not show significant figures in the pie chart.
The diagram below shows two different processes for manufacturing black tea.
Summarise the informati on by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant.
MANUFACTURING TEA
The diagram shows the two processes for manufacturing black tea. The traditional way is used for making
loose tea and modern process is ideal for teabags.
When collecting tea, the tea picker picks only the two top leaves and the bud of ensure a high quality tea.
Then, the tea leaves go through withering, where leaves are spread out and air is passed through
withering, where leaves are spread out and air is passed through them to remove up to 60 per cent of
their moisture.
After that, the leaves are ready for rolling or cutting. Factories use traditional methods of rolling and
crushing or faster modern methods of cutting, tearing and curling to make teabags. In both processes,
natural enzymes are produced from the leaves. The next step is oxidation, where the enzymes from the
leaves mix with the air. This changes the colour of the leaves from green to copper and creates a nice
flavour and aroma. Finally, the leaves are fired and dried. By this stage, little moisture remains in the tea-
just three per cent.
The diagram shows the relationship between a numbers of different languages. Summarise the
information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
The diagram shows the varieties of English spoken throughout the world and how they are related.
There are two main branches of English: British English and American English. The British English
Branch is geographically wide-spread. It extends across several continents from the West Indies, through
the British Isles themselves, Africa, the Indian subcontinent, the Far East and Australasia. In addition to
the four varieties of English spoken in the British Isles (i.e. in Ireland, Wales, Scotland and England), it
includes a large number of other varieties, for instance J amaican English, South Africa English, and
Australian English.
The American branch is largely restricted to the American continent. It comprises the varieties of English
spoken in the different region of the United States itself, as well as in Canada. Beyond the continent, the
extent of its influence is limited to the Philippines in the Far East and American Samoa in the Pacific.
In brief, the diagram shows that, like the economic and political influence of the Anglo Saxon countries,
the reach of English has extended to virtually every region of the world.
The barchart below shows the total number of minutes (in billions) of telephone calls in Australi a,
divided into three categories, from 2001- 2008.
Summarise the informati on by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons
where relevant.
The chart shows the time spent by Australian resident on different types of telephone calls between 2001
and 2008.
Local fixed line calls were the highest throughout the period, rising from 72 billion minutes in 2001 to just
under 90 billion in 2003. After peaking at 90 billion the following year, these calls had fallen back to the
2001 figure by 2008.
National and international fixed line calls grew steadily from 38 billion to 61 billion at end of the period in
question, though the growth slowed over the last two years.
There was a dramatic increase in mobile calls from 2 billion to 46 billion minutes. This rise was particularly
noticeable between 2005 and 2008, during which time the use of mobile phones tripled.
To sum up, although local fixed line calls were still most popular in 2008, the gap between the three
categories had narrowed considerably over the second half of the period in question.
The pie charts below give information on the ages of the populations of Oman and Spain in 2005
anf projections for 2055.
Summarise the informati on by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons
where relevant.
The pie charts show significant comparison of age groups in Oman and Spain. Initial statistics are
concerning 2005 and some predictions about the ages of the populations are made referring to 2055.
It is apparent from the charts people who were under consisted half of the population of Oman in 2005.
48% and a negligible 4% of Oman population were 15-59 and 60 and over respectively. However,
following a half century is assessed to bring staggering alteration of dominant positions in Oman
population. Proliferation from 48% to 57% can be cited as example which will make 15 to 59 year old
Oman people dominant in 2055.
However, in 2005, 62 percent of Spanish people were between 19 and 59. Predictions about that status
illustrate not significant alterations in the dominance of age groups.
Overall, it is important to note that, in 2055, proportion of people under 14 will slide away in both
countries. However, this trend will cause middle aged people to take over dominant position solely in
Oman.