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Kebarangkalian Hujung Atas Q Bagi Taburan Normal

The document contains a table listing the upper tail probability Q(z) for different values of z in the standard normal distribution N(0,1). The table shows that as z increases, moving further into the right tail of the normal distribution, the corresponding upper tail probability Q(z) decreases monotonically. For example, Q(2.1) = 0.0179, meaning the probability of observing a value greater than 2.1 standard deviations above the mean is 1.79%. Some key properties and formulas for the normal distribution are also listed, such as that the upper tail probability Q(z) gives the probability that a standard normal random variable X is greater than a value k: P(

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Fazlina Mustafa
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251 views4 pages

Kebarangkalian Hujung Atas Q Bagi Taburan Normal

The document contains a table listing the upper tail probability Q(z) for different values of z in the standard normal distribution N(0,1). The table shows that as z increases, moving further into the right tail of the normal distribution, the corresponding upper tail probability Q(z) decreases monotonically. For example, Q(2.1) = 0.0179, meaning the probability of observing a value greater than 2.1 standard deviations above the mean is 1.79%. Some key properties and formulas for the normal distribution are also listed, such as that the upper tail probability Q(z) gives the probability that a standard normal random variable X is greater than a value k: P(

Uploaded by

Fazlina Mustafa
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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THE UPPER TAIL PROBABILITY Q(z) FOR THE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION N(0, 1)

KEBARANGKALIAN HUJUNG ATAS Q(z) BAGI TABURAN NORMAL N(0, 1)

Minus / Tolak

0.0

0.5000

0.4960

0.4920

0.4880

0.4840

0.4801

0.4761

0.4721

0.4681

0.4641

12

16

20

24

28

32

36

0.4602

0.4562

0.4522

0.4483

0.4443

0.4404

0.4364

0.4325

0.4286

0.4247

12

16

20

24

28

32

36

0.2

0.4207

0.4168

0.4129

0.4090

0.4052

0.4013

0.3974

0.3936

0.3897

0.3859

12

15

19

23

27

31

35

0.3821

0.3783

0.3745

0.3707

0.3669

0.3632

0.3594

0.3557

0.3520

0.3483

11

15

19

22

26

30

34

0.3446

0.3409

0.3372

0.3336

0.3300

0.3264

0.3228

0.3192

0.3156

0.3121

11

15

18

22

25

29

32

0.5

0.3085

0.3050

0.3015

0.2981

0.2946

0.2912

0.2877

0.2843

0.2810

0.2776

10

14

17

20

24

27

31

0.2743

0.2709

0.2676

0.2643

0.2611

0.2578

0.2546

0.2514

0.2483

0.2451

10

13

16

19

23

26

29

0.7

0.2420

0.2389

0.2358

0.2327

0.2296

0.2266

0.2236

0.2206

0.2177

0.2148

12

15

18

21

24

27

0.2119

0.2090

0.2061

0.2033

0.2005

0.1977

0.1949

0.1922

0.1894

0.1867

11

14

16

19

22

25

0.1841

0.1814

0.1788

0.1762

0.1736

0.1711

0.1685

0.1660

0.1635

0.1611

10

13

15

18

20

23

1.0

0.1587

0.1562

0.1539

0.1515

0.1492

0.1469

0.1446

0.1423

0.1401

0.1379

12

14

16

19

21

0.1357

0.1335

0.1314

0.1292

0.1271

0.1251

0.1230

0.1210

0.1190

0.1170

10

12

14

16

18

1.2

0.1151

0.1131

0.1112

0.1093

0.1075

0.1056

0.1038

0.1020

0.1003

0.0985

11

13

15

17

0.0968

0.0951

0.0934

0.0918

0.0901

0.0885

0.0869

0.0853

0.0838

0.0823

10

11

13

14

0.0808

0.0793

0.0778

0.0764

0.0749

0.0735

0.0721

0.0708

0.0694

0.0681

10

11

13

1.5

0.0668

0.0655

0.0643

0.0630

0.0618

0.0606

0.0594

0.0582

0.0571

0.0559

10

11

0.0548

0.0537

0.0526

0.0516

0.0505

0.0495

0.0485

0..0475

0.0465

0.0455

1.7

0.0446

0.0436

0.0427

0.0418

0.0409

0.0401

0.0392

0.0384

0.0375

0.0367

0.0359

0.0351

0.0344

0.0336

0.0329

0.0322

0.0314

0.0307

0.0301

0.0294

0.0287

0.0281

0.0274

0.0268

0.0262

0.0256

0.0250

0.0244

0.0239

0.0233

2.0

0.0228

0.0222

0.0217

0.0212

0.0207

0.0202

0.0197

0.0192

0.0188

0.0183

0.0179

0.0174

0.0170

0.0166

0.0162

0.0158

0.0154

0.0150

0.0146

0.0143

2.2

0.0139

0.0136

0.0132

0.0129

0.0125

0.0122

0.0119

0.0116

0.0113

0.0110

0.0107

0.0104

0.0102

10

13

15

18

20

23

12

14

16

16

21

11

13

15

17

19

0.1
0.3
0.4
0.6
0.8
0.9
1.1
1.3
1.4
1.6
1.8
1.9
2.1
2.3

0.00990

0.00964

0.00755

0.02734

2.4

0.00820

2.5

0.00621

0.00604

0.00587

0.00570

0.00466

0.00453

0.00440

2.7

0.00347

0.00336

0.00256

2.6
2.8
2.9
3.0

0.00798

0.00776

0.00939

0.00914
0.00889

0.00866

0.00842

0.02714

0.02695

0.00676

0.00657

0.00639

11

13

15

17

0.00554

0.00539

0.00523

0.00508

0.00494

0.00480

11

12

14

0.00427

0.00415

0.00402

0.00391

0.00379

0.00368

0.00357

10

0.00326

0.00317

0.00307

0.00298

0.00289

0.00280

0.00272

0.00264

0.00248

0.00240

0.00233

0.00226

0.00219

0.00212

0.00205

0.00199

0.00193

0.00187

0.00181

0.00175

0.00169

0.00164

0.00159

0.00154

0.00149

0.00144

0.00139

0.00135

0.00131

0.00126

0.00122

0.00118

0.00114

0.00111

0.00107

0.00104

0.00100

f (z)

Example / Contoh:

1
exp z 2
2
2
1

f ( z)

If X ~ N(0, 1), then

Jika X ~ N(0, 1), maka

Q( z ) f ( z ) dz

Q(z)

P(X > k) = Q(k)

P(X > 2.1) = Q(2.1) = 0.0179

The following formulae may be helpful in answering the questions. The symbols given are the ones
commonly used.

Rumus-rumus berikut boleh membantu anda menjawab soalan. Simbol-simbol yang diberi adalah yang
biasa digunakan.
ALGEBRA

b b 2 4ac
2a

log c b
log c c

log a b

a m a n a m n

a m a n a mn

10

(a m ) n a mn

11

Tn a (n 1)d
n
S n [2a (n 1)d ]
2
Tn ar n1

log a mn log a m log a n

12

m
log a m log a n
n
log a m n n log a m

13

log a

a(r n 1) a(1 r n )
Sn

,r 1
r 1
1 r
a
S
, r 1
1 r

CALCULUS / KALKULUS
1

y uv ,

dy
dv
du
u v
dx
dx
dx

Area under a curve


Luas di bawah lengkung
b

ydx or (atau)
a

2
3

du
dv
u
u dy
y ,
dx 2 dx
v dx
v
dy dy du

dx du dx
v

xdy
a

Volume generated
Isipadu janaan
b

y 2 dx or (atau)
a
b

x 2 dy
a

STATISTICS / STATISTIK
1
2
3
4

6
7

x
N

fx
f
( x x)

f ( x x)
f

fx
f

N F
C
m L 2
fm

Q1
I
100
Q0

W I
W

i i

Pr

n!
(n r )!

Cr

n!
(n r )!r!

10

P( A B) P( A) P( B) P( A B)

11

P( X r ) n Cr p r q nr , p q 1

12

Mean / Min , np

13

npq

14

GEOMETRY / GEOMETRI
1

Distance / Jarak

r x2 y2

^
xi y j
r
x2 y2

( x2 x1 ) 2 ( y 2 y1 ) 2
^

Midpoint / Titik tengah

x x2 y1 y 2
( x, y ) 1
,

2
2
3

A point dividing a segment of a line

Titik yang membahagi suatu tembereng garis

nx mx2 ny1 my2


( x, y ) 1
,

mn
mn
4

Area of triangle / Luas segitiga

1
x1 y 2 x2 y x3 y1 x2 y1 x3 y2 x1 y3
2

TRIGONOMETRY / TRIGONOMETRI
1

Arc length, s r

Area of sector, A

Panjang lengkok, s j

Luas sector, L

1 2
r
2

sin( A B) sin A cos B cos A sin B


sin( A B) sin A kos B kos A sin B

cos( A B) cos A cos B sin A sin B

1 2
j
2

sin 2 A cos 2 A 1

kos ( A B) kosA kosB sin A sin B

tan A tan B
1 tan A tan B

10

tan( A B)

11

tan 2 A

12

a
b
c

sin A sin B sin C

13

a 2 b 2 c 2 2bc cos A

sin 2 A kos 2 A 1
4

sec 2 A 1 tan 2 A

2 tan A
1 tan 2 A

sek 2 A 1 tan 2 A
5

cosec 2 A 1 cot 2 A
kosek 2 A 1 kot 2 A

sin 2 A 2 sin A cos A


sin 2 A 2 sin A kosA

cos 2 A cos 2 A sin 2 A


2 cos 2 A 1
1 2 sin 2 A
kos2 A kos 2 A sin 2 A
2 kos 2 A 1
1 2 sin 2 A

a 2 b 2 c 2 2bc kosA
14

Area of triangle / Luas segitiga

1
ab sin c
2

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