Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 4B

6 Basic Properties of Circles (I)

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1
 7 Basic Properties of Circles (I)

Activity EM  OE 2  OM 2
(Pyth. theorem)

Activity 6.1 (p. 14)  10  6 cm

2 2

2. (c) AOB = 2APB  8 cm

3. No matter where points B and P are, AOB = 2APB. MF  EM (line from centre  chord bisects chord)
(or any other reasonable answers)  8 cm

Activity 6.2 (p. 25)

1. yes 2. yes 3. yes 4. yes
p. 9
Activity 6.3 (p. 35) 1. ∵ ON = OM = 4 cm (given)
∴ CD = AB (chords equidistant from centre are equal)
3. A  C  180
= 7 cm
B  D  180 CN = ND (line from centre  chord bisects chord)
4. The sum of the opposite angles of a cyclic 1 
quadrilateral is 180. =   7  cm
2 
Follow-up Exercise = 3.5 cm

p. 3 2. PB  AP (line from centre  chord bisects chord)

Element Term  4 cm


AB   minor arc (line from centre  chord
region BCE   major arc bisects chord)
∴ AB  ( 2  4) cm
 8 cm
∵ OQ = OP = 2 cm (given) (given)
AFB   diameter ∴ BC = AB (chords equidistant from centre are equal)
AFB ∴
= 8 cm
BC  AB
 8 cm


region BECFA   chord
(chords equidistant from
centre are equal)
AB   major segment QC  BQ
AB 1 
   8  cm
(line from centre  chord bisects chord)
2 
OB   minor segment  4 cm
region OBEC   sector (line from centre  chord
bisects chord)
AC   radius

p. 7
1. MB  AM (line from centre  chord bisects
 8 cm 3. MB = AM (line from centre  chord bisects chord)
chord) MB  AM (line from centre  chord
bisects chord)
2. OND = 90 (line joining centre to mid-pt. of ∴ AB  ( 2  5) cm
chord  chord)  10 cm
Consider △OND. CN = ND (line from centre  chord
OND  NOD  ODN  180 
(
90  NOD  35  180 bisects chord)
NOD  55 CD  ( 2  5) cm
∴
sum of △)  10 cm
∵ AB = CD
OM  ON (equal chords, equidistant from centre)
3. Consider △OEM. ∴
 2.5 cm

p. 18

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Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 4B

1 ABD  BAD  ADB  180 ( sum

x AOB
2 ABD  ( 40  20)  70  180
1. 1 ( at centre twice  at ☉ )
  60 ce ABD  50
2 of △)
 30
x  ABD (s in the same
 50
x  2APB
 2  50 ( at centre twice  at ☉ce)
2. segment)

 100
p. 28

3.
x  2APB
 2  120
 240
( at centre twice  at ☉ )
ce
1. ∵

∴  
DOC = AOB = 43 (given)

DC AB
= (equal s, equal arcs)

∴ x  4
4. Reflex AOB = 360 – 140 (s at a pt.)

x
1
2
= 220

reflex AOB
( at centre twice  at ☉ )
2. ∵  
CD AB
= (given)

1 ce ∴ CD = AB (equal arcs, equal chords)

  220 ∴ x 5
2
 110  3. ∵ AB = DC (given)
∴ x  65 (equal chords, equal s)
x  90

 
5. ( in semi-circle) ∵ DC = AB (given)

6. APB = 90 ( in semi-circle) ∴ = (equal chords, equal arcs)

Consider △APB. DC AB
APB  40  x  180
( sum of △) ∴ y 6
90  40  x  180
x  50

p. 20
1. x  BAC (s in the same segment)
 40

2. x  90 ( in semi-circle)
y  ACB (s in the same segment)
 20

EAC  CBE
 30
3. x  ADC  DAC △
 25  30
 55
(s in the same segment)

(ext.  of )

4. Consider △ABD.

3
 7 Basic Properties of Circles (I)

(adj. s on st. line)

4.


y cm BOC

AB AOB
(arcs prop. to ∠s at centre)

 100 
y  6 
Join OB.  30 
∵ BC = ED (given)  20
∴ BOC  EOD (equal chords, equal
 55
s)
∵ AB = BC (given)
∴ AOB  BOC (equal chords, equal
 55
s)
x  BOC  AOB
 55  55
 110 

p. 31
1.


x BC

AOB AB  (arcs prop. to ∠s at centre)

2
x (80)
5
 32


y cm DOC

AB AOB
(arcs prop. to ∠s at

centre)
 48 
y  5 
 80 
3

2.

x cm DOC

AB AOB (arcs prop. to ∠s at centre)

 50 
x  6 
 30 
 10
BOC  180  AOB  DOC
 180  30  50
 100

4
Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 4B

3. x AB

 (arcs prop. to s at ☉ce)
△)

2.
x  DAB  180
x  180  93 (opp. s, cyclic quad.)

CFD CD  87
y  CDE (ext. , cyclic quad.)
6  113 
x  (15)
2
 45 x  CBA  180
3. x  180  127 (opp. s, cyclic quad.)

x cm CED

 53
4.  ACD = 90 ( in semi-circle)

BC BEC
(arcs prop. to s at ☉ ) ce
x  y  ACD  180 ( sum of △)
y  180  90  53
 30   37
x  10 
(arcs prop. to s at ☉ )  40 


ce
 7.5

y AB
 (arcs prop. to s at ☉ce)

BEC BC
6
(arcs prop. to s at ☉ ) y  10 ( 40)
ce
 24

5. ACB AB

 (arcs prop. to s at ☉ce)

DBC CD Exercise

Exercise 6A (p.10 10)

3 Level 1
(arcs prop. to s at ☉ ) ACB  (48)
ON  AB
ce 4 1. ∵ (given)
 36 NB  AN
x  180  DBC  ACB 1 
( sum of ∴
   16  cm
 180  48  36
2 
 96
 8 cm
△) (line from centre  chord
bisects chord)

p. 38119
1. DEC  ABC (ext. , cyclic quad.)
 81
x  180  DEC  ECD
( sum of
 180  81  65
 34

5
 7 Basic Properties of Circles (I)

Join OB. ∴ ONK = 90

Consider △NOB. ∵ AM = MB (given)
OB  NB  ON
2 2 ∴ OM  AB (line joining centre to
(Pyth. theorem) mid-pt. of chord  chord)
 8 2  6 2 cm ∴ OMK = 90
 10 cm MKN  180  DKB (adj. s on st.
∴ The radius of the circle is 10 cm.  180  43
 137
line)

Consider quadrilateral OMKN.

2.
MON  360  OMK  ONK  MKN
 360  90  90  137
 43

5. ∵ OM  AB (given)
∴ AM = MB (line joining from centre
 chord bisects chord)
Join OB. 1 
∴ MB    6  cm
OB  OC 2 
 ON  NC (radii)  3 cm
 (5  8) cm Consider △OMB.
 13 cm OM  OB 2  MB 2
Consider △ONB.
 5 2  3 2 cm
(Pyth. theorem)
NB  OB 2  ON 2 (Pyth. theorem)  4 cm
 13 2  5 2 cm ON  MN  OM
 12 cm  (7  4) cm
∵ AN = NB (line from centre  chord bisects chord)  3 cm
∴ AB  ( 2  12) cm
 24 cm

3. ∵ AM = MB (line from centre  chord bisects chord)

∴ AB  ( 2  6) cm
 12 cm
∵ ON = OM (given)
∴ CD  AB (chords equidistant from centre are equal)
 12 cm Join OD.
Consider △OND.
OD  OB (radii)
 5 cm
ND  OD 2  ON 2 (Pyth. theorem)
 5 2  3 2 cm
 4 cm
∵ ON  CD (given)
∴ CN = ND (line from centre  chord
bisects chord)
∴ CD  ( 2  4) cm
 8 cm

4. ∵ CN = ND (given)
∴ ON  CD (line joining centre to
mid-pt. of chord  chord)

6
Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 4B

Consider △OAC.
∵ OC = OA (radii)
∴ OCA = OAC (base s, isos. △)
OCA  OAC  AOC  180
(
2OCA  122  180
OCA  29
6. ∵ CM = MD (given)
∴ OM  CD (line joining centre sum of △)
to mid-pt. of chord
 chord)
∴ OMC = 90 1
AOC  OCM  OMC OB  AB
(ext.  of 2
 32  90 1
 122 7.  ( AM  MB )
2
△)
1
 (16  4) cm
2
 10 cm
OM  OB  MB
∴
 (10  4) cm
 6 cm

Join OD.
Consider △OMD.
OD  OB (radii)
 10 cm
MD  OD 2  OM 2
(Pyth. theorem)
 10  6 2 2
cm
 8 cm
∵ OM  CD (given)
∴ CM = MD (line from centre  chord
bisects chord)
∴ CD  ( 2  8) cm
 16 cm

8. ∵ BM = MC = 6 cm (given)
∴ OM  BC (line joining centre to
mid-pt. of chord  chord)
Consider △OMB.
OM  OB 2  BM 2
(Pyth. theorem)
 10 2  6 2 cm
 8 cm
Consider △OMD.
MD  OD 2  OM 2
(Pyth. theorem)
 17 2  8 2 cm
 15 cm

7
 7 Basic Properties of Circles (I)

CD  MD  MC
∴  (15  6) cm
 9 cm

8
Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 4B

9. Construct a circle with centre O lying on BH, such ∴ ONM = OMN (base s, isos. △)
that the circle cuts AB at two points P and Q, and cuts = 15
BC at two points R and S are shown. MND  OND  ONM
∴  90  15
 105

∴ OND = 90 (line joining centre to

mid-pt. of chord  chord)
Draw OM and ON such that OM  AB and ON  BC.
OB  OB
ABH  CBH
OMB  ONB  90 SMEFSU08EX@F04
common side
given Construct the traingle ABC as shown.
constructed AC
tan 60 
∴ △OBM  △OBN AAS 12 cm
∴ OM = ON corr. sides,  △s AC  12 tan 60 cm
∴ PQ = RS chords equidistant from
centre are equal  12 3 cm
1
  BC  AC
2
1 
   12  12 3  cm 2
2 
 72 3 cm 2
∴ Area of △ABC

110.

Level 2
10. (a) ∵ AM = MB (given)
∴ OMA = 90
(line joining centre to
Let M be a point on AB such that OM  AB.
mid-pt. of chord  chord)
OMN  OMA  AMN
∴  90  75
 15

(b)

Join ON.
∵ CN = ND (given)
∴ OND = 90 (line joining centre to
mid-pt. of chord 
chord)
∵ CD = AB (given)
∴ ON = OM (equal chords,
equidistant
from centre)

9
 7 Basic Properties of Circles (I)

∵ OM  AB (constructed)
AM  MB 13. (a) ON  OY  NY
1   ( r  3) cm
∴
   24  cm
 2 
 12 cm
(line from centre 
chord bisects chord)

Consider △OMA.
OM  OA 2  AM 2
(Pyth. theorem)
 15  122 2
cm
 9 cm
Consider △OMC.
MC  MB  BC
 (12  28) cm
 40 cm
OC  OM 2
 MC 2 (Pyth. theorem)
 9 2  40 2 cm
 41 cm

12. (a) Consider △OAB and △OAC.

OA  OA common side
OB  OC radii
AB  AC given
∴ △OAB  △OAC SSS
∴ OAB = OAC corr. s,  △s
∴ OA bisects BAC.

(b) Consider △ABN and △ACN.

OAB  OAC
AB  AC
AN  AN
(proved in (a))
(given)
(common side)
∴ △ABN  △ACN (SAS)
∴ BN = CN (corr. sides,  △s)
∴ ON  BC (line joining centre to
mid-pt. of chord 
chord)

ON  AN  OA
(c)
 (8  5) cm
 3 cm
Consider △ONC.
NC  OC 2  ON 2 (Pyth. theorem)
 5 2  3 2 cm
 4 cm
Consider △ANC.
AC  AN 2  NC 2
(Pyth. theorem)
 8 2  4 2 cm
 4 5 cm

10
Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 4B

(b) ∵ ON  AB (given) 15.

AN  NB
∴ 1 
  18  cm
 2 
 9 cm
( line from centre 
chord bisects chord)

Let M be a point on AB such that OM  AB.

∵ OM  AB (constructed)
MB  AM
∴ 1 
   18  cm
 2 
 9 cm
( line from centre 
Join OA. chord bisects chord)
Consider △OAN.
OA = r cm (radius)
ON 2  AN 2  OA 2 Join OB.
OB = 13 cm (radius)
(r  3) 2  9 2  r 2 (Pyth. theorem) Consider △OMB.
r 2  6r  90  r 2 OM  OB 2  MB 2 (Pyth. theorem)
∴ r  15  13 2  9 2 cm
 88 cm
14. ∵ OM  CD (given)
Let N be a point on CD such that ON  CD.
CM  MD ∵ ON  CD (constructed)
∴ 1  NC  DN
   12  cm
2  ∴ 1 
   24  cm
 6 cm  2 
( line from centre 
chord bisects chord)  12 cm
( line from centre 
chord bisects chord)

Let r cm be the radius of the circle.

OM  AM  OA
∵ ONK  OMK
 (18  r ) cm
 90
∴ ONKM is a rectangle.
∴ NK = OM (property of rectangle)
KC  NC  NK
 NC  OM
∴
 (12  88 ) cm
Join OC.
Consider △OCM.  2.62 cm (cor. to 2 d.p.)
OC = r cm (radius)
OM  CM
2 2
 OC 2 16.

(18  r ) 2  6 2  r 2 (Pyth. theorem)

360  36r  r 2  r 2
r  10
∴ MB = OB  OM
 [ r  (18  r )] cm
 ( 2r  18) cm
 (2  10  18) cm (a) Join OD, OB and OA as shown.
Let OAB = x,
 2 cm then OAD = 90  x.
∵ OB = OA radii
∴ OBA = OAB base s,

11
 7 Basic Properties of Circles (I)

isos. △
=x
∴ AOB  180  OAB  OBA
 180  2 x
 sum of △
∵ OD = OA radii
(b) EM = MF line from centre 
∴ ODA = OAD base s, chord bisects chord
isos. △
DL = EL line from centre 
= 90  x chord bisects chord
AOD  180  OAD  ODA FN = NG line from centre 
∴
 180  2(90  x ) chord bisects chord
 2x DE  2( LM  EM )
 sum of △  2( MN  EM ) by (a)
 2( MN  MF ) proved
AOB  AOD
∴  2 FN
 (180  2 x )  2 x
 FG
 180
∴ BOD is a straight line. Exercise 6B (p. 21)
(b) Draw OM  AB and ON  DA. Level 1
∵ OM  AB and ON  DA (constructed) ACB  138  180
∴ AM = MB and DN = NA (line from centre 1. (adj. s on st. line)
 chord bisects ACB  42
chord) (adj. s on st. line)
1
NA  AD
2 x  2ACB
( at centre twice  at ☉ )
1   2  42 ce
  18  cm  84
2 
 9 cm
2. ACB = 90 ( in semi-circle)
∵ AMON is a rectangle.
∵ CA = CB (given)
∴ OM  NA (property of rectangle) ∴ x = CBA (base s, isos. △)
 9 cm ACB  CBA  x  180
( sum of
2 x  90  180
x  45
△)

3. ACD  ABD (s in the same segment)

 55
Consider △OAM. x  ACD  125
(ext.  of △)
AM  OA  OM
2 2 x  55  125
x  70
 15 2  9 2 cm
(Pyth. theorem)
 12 cm
4. DAC  DBE (s in the same segment)
AB  2 AM
 25
 ( 2  12) cm
x  DAC  ADC
 24 cm (ext.  of △)
 25  42
 67
17. (a) ∵ ALM = BMN = CNG = 90 given
∴ LA // MB // NC corr. s
equal AOC  2ABC
LA // MB // NC and AB = BC given 5. Reflex ( at centre
∵  2  140
∴ LM = MN intercept
theorem  280
twice at ☉ )
ce

12
Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 4B

( at centre twice
 at )

x  360  reflex AOC

(s at a pt.)
 360  280
 80

ACD  180  CAD  CDA

6. (
 180  32  90
 58
sum of △)

ACB  90 ( in semi-circle)

x  ACB  ACD
∴  90  58
 32

7. ABC = 90 ( in semi-circle)

BCA  BDA (s in the same segment)
x
BCA  180  ABC  BAC
(
x  180  90  65
 25
sum of △)

AOB  2ACB
8. ( at centre twice  at ☉ )
 2  70 ce

 140
OB  OA
△
OBA  x
(radii)
(base s, isos. )
x  OBA  AOB  180
( sum of
2 x  140  180
x  20
△)

13
 7 Basic Properties of Circles (I)

9.
65  BCA  118  (ext.  of △)
BCA  53
ce
AOB  2BCA
( at centre twice  at ☉ )
12.  2  53
 106
AOB  OAK  118 
OAK  118   106 (ext.  of △)
Join OC.  12
1 (ext.  of )
ACB  AOB
2 ( at centre twice  at
1 ( at centre twice
  130
2  at )
 65
☉ ) (ext.  of )
ce

OC = OA (radii)
OCA = OAC (base s, isos. △)
= 20
OB = OC (radii) 13. DAC, ACD, DAB, DBA, EFD and FED
x = OCB (base s, isos. △) (any four of the above angles)
= ACB  OCA
= 65  20 Level 2
= 45 14. ∵ DC = DA (given)
∴ DCA = x (base s, isos. △)
10. DAC  90 ( in semi-circle) ∵ BD = BC (given)
ACD  180  DAC  ADC ∴ BDC  DCA (base s, isos. △)
(
 180  90  55 x
ADB  90 ( in semi-circle)
 35
sum of △)
DAC  DCA  ADC  180
(
AB  AC x  x  (90  x )  180
ABC  ACB △ x  30
 35 sum of △)
(given)
( sum of △)
(base s, isos. )
OAB  AOC  180
ABC  BAD  55 15. (a) (int. s, BA // CO)
(ext.  of △) AOC  180  32
BAD  55  35  148
 20 (int. s, BA // CO) (s at a pt.)
∴ Reflex AOC = 360  AOC
11. BOD = 36 (opp. s of // gram) = 360  148
1 = 212
BCD  BOD AOC  360  AOC
2 ( at centre twice  at ☉ )
 360  148
1 ce

  36  212
2 x
 18
(s at a pt.)
ODC  BCD (alt. s, DO // AC)
 18 1
ABC  reflex AOC
BKD  ODK  BOD 2
(ext.  of
 18  36 (b) 1 ( at centre
  212
 54 2
△)  106

14
Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 4B

twice  at ☉ ) of △)
ce

19. (a) OABC is a parallelogram. (given)

OA = OC (radii)
∴ OABC is a rhombus.

(b) Reflex AOC = 360  x s at a pt.

1
ABC  reflex AOC
2
1  at centre
 (360  x )
2
x
 180 
DCB  CKB  50 2
16. ( ext.  of △)
DCB  50  28 twice  at ☉
ce
 22
DAB  DCB (s in the same segment) (c) ABC = x (opp. s of // gram)
 22 x
180   x
ACB  90 ( in semi-circle) 2
CAB  180  ACB  CBA ( sum ∴ 3 (proved in (b))
x  180
 180  90  50 2
 40 x  120
of △)

CAD  CAB  DAB

20. (a) AKB = DKC vert. opp. s
∴  40  22 BAK = CDK s in the same segment
 18 ABK = DCK s in the same segment
∴ △AKB ~ △DKC AAA
BAC  BDC
AK KD
17. 
BDC  ABD (b) BK KC (corr. sides, ~ △s)
6 KD
ADB  90 
(s in the same 3 2 cm
∴ KD  4 cm
segment)
(alt. s, DC // AB ) 21. (a) ∵ OK  EB given
( in semi - circle) ∴ BK = EK line from centre 
chord bisects chord
ABD + BAD + ADB = 180 ( sum of △)
ABD + (44 + BAC) + 90 = 180
BKD  EKD  90
ABD + ABD + 134 = 180 KD  KD
ABD  23 given
common side
1 ∴ △BKD  △EKD SAS
ABE  AOE ( at centre twice
2  at ☉ce)
18. (b) ABD = 90 ( in semi-
1 circle)
  124
2 BDC = 180 – CBD – BCD ( sum of △)
 62 = 180 – 90 – 42
= 48
ACE  BEC  ABE (ext.  of △) KED = KBD (corr. s,
BEC  62  36  △s)
 26 KED + KBD = BDC (ext.  of △)
BAD  BEC (s in the same segment) 2KED = 48
KED = 24
 26  BAD  BED
AKE  BAD  ABE ∴ (s in the same segment)
(ext.   24
∴  26  62
 88 22.

15
 7 Basic Properties of Circles (I)

BAC
AC

x cm

ABC ⊙ce

 55 
x  10 
 50 
Join AP.  11
APB = 90  in semi-circle (arcs prop. to
ACQ  APQ
s at )
 90
s in the same segment

∴ QC  AB

23. 3. ACB = 90 ( in semi-circle)

BAC = 180 – x – ACB ( sum of △)
= 180 – x – 90
= 90 – x

BAC BC

x

AC

Join OA. (arcs prop. to s at ⊙ )
ABQ = AOQ s in the same segment 90  x 4 ce

= 2ABP  at centre twice  at ☉ce 

∴ BP bisects ABQ. x 5
450  5 x  4 x
Exercise 6C (p. 32)
Level 1 x  50
1. Reflex AOB = 360 – AOB (s at a pt.)

x cm

= 360 – 80
= 280
AOB
COD CD

Major AB

Reflex AOB

 80 

4.
(arcs prop. to s at BOC

BC
 (arcs prop. to s at centre)

x  14 
 280  COD 
4
(84)
4 6
 56
centre)
BOD  BOC  COD
 84  56
 140
1 ( at centre twice  at ☉ce)
x  BOD
2. BAC = 180 – ABC – ACB ( sum of △) 2
∴ 1
= 180 – 50 – 75   140
= 55 2
 70

5.

∴ AC  
ADC = BAD

AC
= BD
BD
alt. s, CD // AB

equal s, equal arcs

16
Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 4B

AOB AB
 ∵
∴
AB = AD
ABD = ADB
(given)
(base s, isos. △)
ABD  ADB  BAD  180 ( sum
6. (a) 
BOC BC  (arcs prop. to s at centre)

of △)
2ABD  120  180
ABD  30

4 ACB  180  BAC  ABC (

AOB  ( 48)
3  180  90  30
 64  60
sum of △)

(b) ACB 
centre twice  at ☉ce)
1
2
AOB ( at
∴  
AB
AB : BC
BC
= ACB : BAC

(arcs prop. to s
1
  64 = 60 : 90 at ⊙ce)
2 = 2:3
 32
9. ∵ APC = APB + BPC
= 5 + 10

∴

= 125
= CPD

AC  CD AC = CD (equal s, equal arcs)

∵ BPD = BPC + CPD

7. BEC = 180 – EBC – ECB ( sum of △)
= 10 + 15


= 180 – 62 – 64
= 25
= 54
= EPF
DEB = EBC  EDB (ext.  of △)
= 62 – 35

BD  EF
BD = EF (equal s, equal arcs)

 
= 27 ∴

∴ AB : BC = DEB : BEC ∵ APD = APB + BPC + CPD

AB BC = 5 + 10 + 15

8.
(arcs prop. to s at

BAC = 90
= 27 : 54
= 1: 2
⊙ce)

( in semi-circle)
∴

= 30
= FPG

AD  FG AD = FG (equal s, equal arcs)

BAD = BAC + CAD

= 90 + 30
= 120

10. ∵

AB  CD AB = CD (given)

∴ ADB = DAC
and ACB = DBC (equal arcs, equal s)
∴ KD = KA and KC = KB (sides opp. equal s)
∴ △AKD and △BKC are isosceles triangles.

17
 7 Basic Properties of Circles (I)

∵

AB  BC  CD AB = BC = CD
13. PRS = PQS (s in the same
segment)
(given) = 30
∴ ACB = CAB PRQ = QRS – PRS
and BDDBC = DBC
∴ BC = BA and CD = CB
(equal arcs, equal s)
(sides opp. equal s)
∴ △ABC and △BCD are isosceles triangles.
∵
= 45

= 75  30

QR  PQ QR = PQ (given)
QSR  PRQ
∴  45 QSR = PRQ
(equal arcs, equal s)
Level 2 = 45
11. ABD = 180 – BAD ADB ( sum of △) RQS = 180 – QRS – QSR ( sum of △)
= 180 – (40 + 20) – 70 = 180  75  45
= 50 = 60

14. (a) OD = OB (radii)

ODB = OBD (base s, isos. △)
= 30
∴ BOA = OBD + ODB (ext.  of △)
= 30 + 30
= 60

ADB AB

Join BC.
CBD = CAD
= 20
(s in the same segment)

CDB BC 
 3
CBA = CBD + ABD
= 20 + 50 (b)  (arcs prop. to s at
= 70 2
2
ADC CBA CDB  (30)
 3
BC BAC (arcs prop. to s at ☉ )
 20
☉ )
 70 
ce
ce

x  10 
 40 
 17.5
OA  OC radii
15. (a)
AB  CB given
12. BAD = 90 ( in semi-circle)
BAC = BAD – CAD OB  OB common side
= 90 – 50 ∴ △ABO  △CBO SSS
= 40


x cm

BAC
CD CAD
 40 
(arcs prop. to s at ☉ )
ce
(b) ∵
∴

∴

AOB = COB
AOD = COD

AD  DC AD = DC
corr. s,  △s

equal s,

x  15  equal arcs

 50 
 12

18
Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 4B

16. ∵

BC  CD BC = CD given
Circumference of the circle = 
 

(by (b))
18 
 cm
2 
∴ CAB = DAC equal arcs, equal s = 9 cm
∵ OC = OA radii 9π
∴ ACO = CAB base s, isos. △ ∴ Radius of the circle = cm
= DAC 2π
= 4.5 cm
∴ OC // AD alt. s equal

17. (a) ∵ OE  BD given

∴ BE = ED line from centre 
chord bisects chord
AE = AE common side
AEB = AED = 90 given
∴ △ABE  △ADE SAS

(b)

∴

BAC = DAC

BC  CD BC = CD
corr. s,  △s

equal s, equal

arcs

18. (a) With the notations in the figure,

DFE = BDF + DBF (ext.  of △)

= 20 + 30
= 50
AGE = CAG + ACG (ext.  of △)
= 40 + 50
= 90
∴ x = 180 – FGE – GFE ( sum of △)
= 180 – 90 – 50

   
= 40

 AB BC BC : CD CD : DE DE :
(b) AB :

EA
EA
= ADB : BEC : CAD : (arcs prop. to s at ☉
DBE : ACE (arcs prop. to s at ☉ce)

to s at △ce)
= 20 : 40 : 40 : 30 : 50
= 2 : 4 : 4 :3:5

(cb)

AB
 2

Circumference of the circle 2  4  4  3  5
19
 7 Basic Properties of Circles (I)

Exercise 6D (p. 39) DFE  FDE  DEF  180 (

Level 1 sum of △)
1. BCD  95 (ext. , cyclic quad.)
BCD  x  180 DEF  180  60  96
(adj. s on st. line)
x  180  95  24
 85

BCD  BAD  180

2. (opp. s, cyclic
BCD  180  76
 104
quad.)

∵ CD = CB (given)
∴ BDC = x (base s, isos. △)
BDC  x  BCD  180
∴ 2 x  104  180 ( sum
x  38
of △)

3. ACB = 90 ( in semi-circle)

ABC  ACB  BAC  180 ( sum of
△)
ABC  180  90  40
 50
x  ABC  180
(opp. s, cyclic quad.)
x  180  50
 130

x  ABD
4. (s in the same segment)
 46
y  BCD  180 (opp. s, cyclic quad.)
y  (54  x )  180
y  180  (54  46)
 80

EBC  CDE  180

5. (opp. s, cyclic quad.)
EBC  180  110
 70
ECB  BAE  180 (opp. s, cyclic quad.)
ECB  180  120
 60
BEC  EBC  ECB  180 ( sum
of △)
BEC  180  70  60
 50

ADE  CAD  ACD

6. (a)  36  60 (ext. 
 96
of △)

(b) DFE  BCD (ext. , cyclic quad.)

 60

20
Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 4B

FCD  DEF  180 ABC  180  115 

7. (opp. s, cyclic quad.)
FCD  180  130  65
 50 ∵ BC = CD (given)
x  FCD (ext. , cyclic quad.) BAC  DAC (equal chords, equal s)
∴
 50  35
ACB  ABC  BAC  180 ( sum
ABD  y (ext. , cyclic quad.)
of △)
∵ AD = AB (given) ACB  180  65  35
∴ ADB  ABD (base s, isos. △)  80
 y
BAD  ABD  ADB  180 ( sum of
△)
x  2 y  180
2 y  180  50
y  65

8.

Join AD.
ABC + CDA = 180 opp. s, cyclic quad.
ADE = 90  in semi-circle
ABC + CDE
 ABC  (CDA  ADE )
 (ABC  CDA)  ADE
 180  90
 270

1
APB  AOB
2
9. (a) 1 ( at centre twice 
  40
2
 20
at ☉ )
ce

(b) BAP  BCP  180 (opp. s, cyclic

quad.)
BAP  180  50
 130
ABP  BAP  APB  180 ( sum of
△)
ABP  180  130  20
 30

10. DAC  ADC  ACD  180 ( sum

of △)
DAC  180  115   30
 35
ABC  ADC  180 (opp. s, cyclic quad.)

21
 7 Basic Properties of Circles (I)

Level 2 DBC  BDC  BCE

(ext.  of △)
11. Reflex AOC  2ABC ( at centre twice DBC  65  25
 2  110  at  40
☉ce)
 220
AOC  360  reflex AOC (s at a
 360  220
 140
pt.)

∴ CPB  AOC  180 (opp. s,

cyclic quad.)
CPB  180  140
 40

12. COD  BAD (corr. s, OC // AB)

 40
OD  OC (radii)
ODC = OCD (base s, isos. △)
COD  ODC  OCD  180 (
40  2ODC  180
ODC  70
sum of △)

ODC  ABC  180

(opp. s, cyclic quad.)
ABC  180  70
 110 

13. (a) KAD = KCB ext. , cyclic quad.

KDA = KBC ext. , cyclic quad.
AKD = CKB common angle
∴ △KAD ~ △KCB AAA

KA KD

KC KB
KA KD

(b) KD  DC KA  AB (corr. sides,
2 cm 3 cm

3 cm  DC (2  4) cm
4 cm  3 cm  DC
DC  1 cm
~ △s)

14. BAD  BCE (ext. , cyclic quad.)

 65
ADB = 90 ( in semi-circle)
ABD  ADB  BAD  180 ( sum
of △)

ABD  180  90  65

 25
BDC  ABD (alt. s, DC // AB)
 25

22
Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 4B

15. ACD  ADC  CAD  180 ( sum AED  ACD  180 (opp. s, cyclic quad.)
of △) AED  180  ACD
 180  (140  ADC )
ACD  180  40  ADC
 40  ADC
 140  ADC ∴
ABC  ADC  180 (opp. s, cyclic quad.)
ABC  180  ADC ABC  AED  (180  ADC )  ( 40  ADC )
 220

16.

Join BD.
Let CBE = x.
∵ CE = CB (given)
∴ CEB  CBE (base s, isos. △)
x
CBE  BCE  CEB  180 ( sum of
BCE  180  2 x
△)
BDE  BCE  180 (opp. s, cyclic quad.)
BDE  180  (180  2 x )
 2x
DBE = 90 ( in semi-circle)
ABD  DBE  CBE  180 (adj. s
on st. line)
ABD  180  90  x
 90  x
BAD  ABD  BDE
27  (90  x )  2x (ext.  of △)
3x  117 
x  39
∴ CBE  39

APC  ABC  PCB

17. (a)  ( x  x)  y (ext. 

 2x  y
of △)

ARB  ACB  RBC

(ext.  of
 ( y  y)  x
 x  2y
△)

(b) APC  ARB  180 (opp. s, cyclic

quad.)
( 2 x  y )  ( x  2 y )  180
3 x  3 y  180
x  y  60

23
 7 Basic Properties of Circles (I)

BAC  ABC  ACB  180 ( sum of

△)
BAC  2 x  2 y  180
BAC  2( x  y )  180
BAC  120  180
BAC  60

24
Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 4B

Revision Exercise 6 (p. 47) 1

Level 1 PQR  reflex (
PORat centre twice
1. 2  at ☉ce)
(b)
1
  222
2
 111 
ORQ  PQR  180 (int. s,
OR // PQ)
ORQ  180  111 
 69
Join OF.
Draw ON such that ON  FE.
OF  OB
1
 BC (radii)
2
1 
   20  cm
 2 
 10 cm
ON  AB (property of rectangle)
 6 cm
Consider △ONF.
FN  OF 2  ON 2 (Pyth. theorem)
 10 2  6 2 cm
 8 cm
∵ ON  FE (constructed)
∴ FN = NE (line from centre 
chord bisects chord)
FE  ( 2  8) cm
∴
 16 cm

2. AEC = 90 ( in semi-circle)

EBC  EAC (s in the same segment)
 30
AEB  EDC  EBC (ext.  of )
△
 35  30
 65
BEC  AEC  AEB
 90  65
 25

3. (a) POR  OPQ  180 (int. s,

OR // PQ)
POR  180  42
 138
POR  360  POR
∴ Reflex  360  138
 222
(s at a pt.)

25
 (opp. s,
cyclic quad.)

7 Basic Properties of Circles (I) (arcs prop. to

s at ☉ce)
4. With the notations in the figure, ABC  ADC  180
(62  CBD )  (58  CDB)  180
1
120  CDB  CDB  180
2
∴ 3
CDB  60
2
CDB  40
KDC  40

1
BCA  AOB ( at centre twice
2  at ☉ce)
1
  54
2
 27
ONC  OBC  BCA (ext.  of )
△
 42  27
 69
OAC  AOB  ONC
(ext.  of △)
OAC  69  54


 15

5. ∵
AD  DC AD = DC (given)

∴ ACD  CAD (equal arcs, equal s)

 35
BCA = 90 ( in semi-circle)
BCD  BCA  ACD
 90  35
 125
BAD  BCD  180
(opp. s,
(BAC  35)  125  180
BAC  20
cyclic quad.)

CDB BC

6.

CBD CD  (arcs prop. to
s at ☉ce)

2
 (opp. s,
cyclic quad.)
1
1
∴ CBD  CDB
2

26
Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 4B

ABC  ADC  180 BEC  OCD (alt. s, AB // DC)

7.
ABC  180  115   36
 65

ACB AB
 BOC  ABO  BEC (ext.  of )
 28  36
△


BAC BC   64
OC = OB
OCB = OBC
(radii)
(base s, isos. △)
BOC  OCB  OBC  180 ( sum
64  2OCB  180
3
 of △)
OCB  58

2
BAD  BCD  180
3 (opp. s, cyclic
∴ ACB BAC BAD  (58  36)  180
2
BAD  86
ACB  ABC  BAC  180
quad.)
3
BAC  65  BAC  180 ( sum
2
5
BAC  115 
2
BAC  46
of △)

8. (a) OC = OB (radii)
OCB = OBC (base s,
isos. △)
OCB  OBC  BOC  180
(
2OCB  80  180
OCB  50
sum of △)

1
BAC  BOC( at centre twice
2  at ☉ce)
(b)
1
  80
2
 40
DAB  BCD  180 (opp. s,
cyclic quad.)

(DAC  BAC )  (OCB  OCD )  180

36  40  50  OCD  180
OCD  54

9.

Produce CO to cut AB at E. Join BC.

27
 7 Basic Properties of Circles (I)

10. AOC  reflex AOC  360 

( s
ABC  2ABC  360
ABC  120
at a pt.)

13.

Draw OM such that OM  BC.

∵ OM  BC (constructed)
∴ BM = MC (line from centre  chord
bisects chord)
1 
∴ MC    6  cm
 2  Join BD and DC.
ABD = 90  in semi-circle
 3 cm
ACD = 90  in semi-circle
Consider △OMC.
∴ ABD = ACD
OM  OC 2  MC 2 (Pyth. theorem) AD = AD common side
AB = AC given
 5  3 cm
2 2
∴ △ABD  △ACD RHS
 4 cm ∴ BAD = CAD corr. s,  △s
Consider △OAM. ∴ AD bisects BAC.
AM  OA 2  OM 2 (Pyth. theorem)
14. ACD = p + q (ext.  of △)
 7 2  4 2 cm BDC = p (s in the same segment)
 33 cm r  ACD  BDC
(ext.  of △)
AB  AM  BM  pq p
 AM  MC  2p  q
∴
 ( 33  3) cm
15.
 2.74 cm (cor. to 2 d.p.)

11.

Let O be the centre of the circle and r cm be the radius.

Join OA.
OA = r cm (radius)
OM  OC  MC
Join BD.
 ( r  1) cm
ABD = 90 ( in semi-circle)
EBD  ABD  ABE ∵ OM  AB (given)
AM  MB (line from centre  chord
 90  44 bisects chord)
 46 ∴ 1 
   10  cm
ECD  EBD (s in the same segment)  2 
 46  5 cm
Consider △OAM.
12. (a) ∵ AB // OC and OA // CB (given) OA 2  AM 2  OM 2
∴ OABC is a parallelogram.
∵ OA = OC (radii) r 2  5 2  (r  1) 2 (Pyth. theorem)
∴ OABC is a rhombus. r 2  25  r 2  2r  1
2r  26
(b) AOC = ABC (property of
rhombus) r  13
Reflex AOC = 2ABC ( at centre ∴ The radius of the circle is 13 cm.
twice  at ☉ce)

28
Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 4B

Level 2 DBA = DCA (s in the same

AOD  BOD  180 segment)
16. (adj. s on st. line) CAB  CEA  DCA (ext.  of
AOD  180  140
 40  25  DCA
△)
ODC  AOD (alt. s, CD // BA)
 40 CAB  CBA  ACB  180 (
sum of △)
1
DCA  AOD ( at centre twice
2  at ☉ce) ( 25  DCA)  (37  DBA)  90  180
1 2DCA  28
  40
2 DCA  14
 20
OKC  ODC  DCA (ext.  of )
△ CAB  25  DCA
 40  20 (b)  25  14
 60
 39
AKO  OKC  180
(adj. s on st. line)
AKO  180  60
 120

17. (a) ABC  AFC  180 (opp. s, cyclic

quad.)
AFC  180  102
 78
CDE  AFC (ext. , cyclic
 78
quad.)

COE  2CDE ( at centre twice

(b)  at ☉ce)
 2  78
 156

BAF  ABO  COE  FEO  360

BAF  102  156  38  360
BAF  64

18. (a) ADC = 90 ( in semi-circle)

APD  ADC  BAD  180
(
20  90  (BAC  54)  180
BAC  16
sum of △)

(b) BDC = BAC (s in the

same segment)
= 16
ADB  ADC  BDC
 90  16
 74
AKD  ADB  CAD  180 (
sum of △)

AKD  180  74  54

 52

19. (a) ACB = 90 ( in semi-circle)

29
 7 Basic Properties of Circles (I)

20.

AOB AB

22. (a)

BOC BC  (arcs prop. to s at centre)

1

2
BOC  2AOB
Join MN.
ABM = MNC (ext. , cyclic quad.) AOC  AOB  BOC
ADM = MNE (ext. , cyclic quad.) 90  AOB  2AOB
ABM + ADM = MNC + MNE 1
= 180 (adj. s on st. line) ∴ AOB   90
∴ 3
 30
BAD  ABM  ADM  BMD  360
1
65  180  BMD  360 BCA  AOB ( at centre twice
2  at ☉ce)
BMD  115  ∴ 1
  30
2
21.
 15

(b) ∵ OC = OA (radii)
∴ ACO = CAO (base s, isos. △)
CAO  ACO  AOC  180 (
sum of △)
2CAO  180  90
Join BE.

BEC BC
 CAO  45
CEO  CAO  AOB


CAD CD  (arcs prop. to
s at ☉ce)

△)
∴  45  30
 75
(ext.  of

3
BEC  (28) (arcs prop. to 23. (a) APD = CPB common angle
2 s at ☉ce) PAD = PCB
PDA = PBC
ext. , cyclic quad.
ext. , cyclic quad.
 42
DBE DE
 (b)
∴ △PAD ~ △PCB

AKB = DKC
AAA

vert. opp. s


CAD CD  BAK = CDK
ABK = DCK
∴ △AKB ~ △DKC
s in the same segment
s in the same segment
AAA

PA PD
4 
DBE  (28) PA
PC PB
PD
2 (c)  (corr. sides,
PD  DC PA  AB
 56 6 cm 8 cm

∴ BKE  KEB  KBE  180 ( 8 cm  DC (6  10) cm
sum of △)
12 cm  8 cm  DC
BKE  180  42  56 ~ △s)
 82 DC  4 cm
∴

30
Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 4B

AB BK BOE = 2 CAE  at centre

 twice  at ☉ce
DC CK (corr. sides, ~ ACE + BOE = 180 opp. s,
10 BK cyclic quad.

4 3 cm ACE + 2CAE = 180
△s) ACE + CAE = 180 – CAE
(ACE + CAE) +CEA = 180  sum of △
∴ BK  7.5 cm (180 – CAE) + CEA = 180
CAE = CEA
24. (a) ∵ AM = MB and CN = ND given ∴ CA = CE sides opp.
 OMK = ONK = 90 line joining equal s
centre to mid-pt.
of chord  chord 28. (a) ∵ CE = CD given
∵ AB = DC given ∴ CED = CDE base s, isos. △
∴ OM = ON equal chords, = ABC ext. ,
equidistant cyclic quad.
from centre ∴ ABE is an isosceles triangle. sides opp.
OK = OK common side equal s

(b)
∴

∴
∴
△OMK  △ONK

KM = KN
BM = CN
KM – BM =
KB = KC
RHS

corr. sides,  △s
given
KN – CN
(b)

∵

Let ABD = x.

CD  AD CD = AD (given)
∴ DBC = ABD (equal arcs, equal s)
(c) KB =KC proved in (b) =x
AB =DC given ABE = ABD + DBC
 KA =KD = 2x
 KAD = KDA base s, AEB = ABE (base s, isos. △)
isos. △ = 2x
∴ BCD + KDA EDC = AEB (base s, isos. △)
= BCD +KAD = 2x
= 180 opp. s, cyclic quad. DCB = AEB + EDC
∴ BC // AD int. s supp. = 4x  (1)
BDC = 90 ( in semi-circle)
25. (a) ∵ AC = AB given
∴ ACB =ABC base s, isos. △
= ADE ext. ,
cyclic quad.
∴ BC // ED corr. s equal

(b) CED = CBD s in the same segment

= BDE alt. s, BC // ED
∴ FE = FD sides opp. equal
s

26. NBP = MDP ext. , cyclic quad.

BNP = 180 – NBP – NPB  sum of △
= 180 – MDP – DPM given
= DMP
= NMC vert. opp. s
∴ QM = QN sides opp. equal s

27.

Join BO and OE.

31
 7 Basic Properties of Circles (I)

DBC + DCB + BDC = 180 ( sum of DCA  BCD  ACB

△)
 90  71
DCB = 180 – x – 90
= 90 – x  (2)  19
From (1) and (2), we have ABD  DCA (s in the same segment)
4 x  90  x  19
x  18 x  ABD  BAC
BAD  DCB  180 ∴  19  32 (ext.  of △)
 51
BAD  180  4 x
 180  4  18
 108
(opp. s,
cyclic quad.)
(by (1))

Multiple Choice Questions (p. 52)

1. Answer: B
∵ OP  AB (given)
AP  PB (line from centre 
chord bisects chord)
∴ 1 
   12  cm
2 
 6 cm
OP  OA 2  AP 2 (Pyth. theorem)
 10 2  6 2 cm
 8 cm

Join OC.
OC = OA (radii)
= 10 cm
∵ OQ  CD (given)
CQ  QD (line from centre 
chord bisects chord)
∴ 1  bisects
   16  cm
 2 
 8 cm
OQ  OC 2  CQ 2 (Pyth. theorem)
 10 2  8 2 cm
 6 cm
PQ  OP  OQ
∴  (8  6) cm
 14 cm

2. Answer: A
BCD = 90 ( in semi-circle)

32
Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 4B

3. Answer: D BED  EBD  BDC (ext.  of △)

BDC = 90 ( in semi-circle)
EBD  43  24
BDC  DCB  DBC  180 ( sum of
△)  19
DCB  180  90  32
 58
BAD  DCB  180 (opp. s,
BAD  180  58 cyclic quad.)

 122
AB = AD (given)
ABD = ADB (base s, isos. △)
∴ ABD  ADB  BAD  180 (
sum of △)
2ABD  122  180
ABD  29

4. Answer: D
ADE  CAD  ACD (ext.  of △)
 52  x
CBF  ADE (ext. , cyclic quad.)
 52  x
∴ CBE  BEC  BCE  180 ( sum
of △)
(52  x )  30  x  180
2 x  98
x  49

5. Answer: C
Reflex AOC = 360 – x (s at a pt.)
1
ABC  reflex AOC ( at centre
2 twice  at ☉c e)
1
 (360  x )
2
x
 180 
2
∴ ABC  BCA  BAC  180 (
sum of △)
 x
180    35  28  180
 2
x  126

6. Answer: C
BDC = BAC (s in the
same segment)
= 46
ACB = ADB (s in the
same segment)
=x
∴ PDC  PCD  CPD  180 (
sum of △)
( x  46)  ( 48  x )  34  180
x  26

7. Answer: B

33
 7 Basic Properties of Circles (I)

Join AD.
ADB = 90 ( in semi-circle)
ADC  ABC  180
(opp. s,
(90  43)  (19  x )  180
x  28
cyclic quad.)

8. Answer: A
DBC  DCB  BDC  180 ( sum
of △)

DBC  180  83  46

ABD AD

 51 (arcs prop. to s
at ☉ce)


DBC DC 
2 (opp. s,
ABD  (51) cyclic quad.)
3
 34
ABC  ADC  180
(34  51)  ( 46  x )  180
x  49

9. Answer: C
ADC  ABC  180 (opp. s,
cyclic quad.)

ADC  180  ABC

ABC minor AC
 (arcs prop. to s
at ☉ce)


ADC major AC 
ABC 73

180  ABC 6  8
5
ABC  (180  ABC )
7
5
ABC  180
12
 75

10. Answer: B
DCB  BAD  180 (opp. s, cyclic quad.)
DCB  180  112 
 68
OD = OC (radii)
∴ ODC = OCD (base s, isos. △)
= 68
DOC = ABO (corr. s, OD // BA)
=x

34
Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 4B

∴ DOC  ODC  OCD  180 ( sum of

△)

x  68  68  180

x  44

35
 7 Basic Properties of Circles (I)

11. Answer: B 1
ADC  ABC  180 (opp. s, CBD  COD
cyclic quad.) 2 ( at centre twice  at
1
ADC  180  x   48
ACD  AED  180 (opp. s, 2
cyclic quad.)  24
☉ )
ACD  180  y ce

ACD  ADC  CAD  180 x  ADB  CBD

(ext.  of △)
(180  y )  (180  x)  45  180 (  90  24
x  y  225  114 
sum of △)

12. Answer: A
With the notations in the figure, join FC.

BFC  BAC (s in the same

a
segment)

CFD  CED (s in the same


b
segment)

For A, x = BFC + CFD

=a+b
For B, if x = y,

BCD  AFE
then BCD = AFE (equal s,

equal arcs)
which is not always true.
For C,
∵ x = a + b and x = y is not always true.
∴ y = a + b is not always true.
For D, join BC and CD.
∵ x + BCD = 180 (opp. s, cyclic quad.)
∴ x + y = 180 is false.

13. Answer: A

Join BD.
ADB = 90 ( in semi-circle)

36
Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 4B

HKMO (p. 54)

Let O be the centre of the circle.
With the notations in the figure, join OC and OD.

∵

AC  CD  DB AC = CD = DB (given)
∴ COA  COD  DOB(equal arcs,
1 equal s)
  180
3
 60
Join CD.
OC = OD (radii)
∴ OCD = ODC (base s, isos. △)
OCD  ODC  COD  180 ( sum of
OCD  60
△)
∴ OCD = COA
∴ CD // AB (alt. s equal)
Consider △CAD and △COD.
∵ They have the same base and the same height.
∴ Area of △CAD = area of △COD
 Shaded area = area of sector OCD
60
2  area of circle
360
60
 2 Q
360
Q  12

37