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1) The document discusses open channel hydraulics examples involving unsteady flow. It provides the details of three example problems involving changes in flow depth over time and calculating how long it takes for those changes to propagate upstream or downstream. 2) The first example involves a gate increasing downstream depth by 10% and calculating the time for that change to reach 0.5 km upstream. The second example uses the method of characteristics to calculate flow conditions at a point in the channel at a future time step. The third example involves a 25% increase in upstream depth and calculating the resulting flow and travel time to reach 1 km downstream.

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raghurmi
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© © All Rights Reserved
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59 views

Examples Us Solution

1) The document discusses open channel hydraulics examples involving unsteady flow. It provides the details of three example problems involving changes in flow depth over time and calculating how long it takes for those changes to propagate upstream or downstream. 2) The first example involves a gate increasing downstream depth by 10% and calculating the time for that change to reach 0.5 km upstream. The second example uses the method of characteristics to calculate flow conditions at a point in the channel at a future time step. The third example involves a 25% increase in upstream depth and calculating the resulting flow and travel time to reach 1 km downstream.

Uploaded by

raghurmi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CIVE3400: Open Channel Hydraulics

Unsteady Flow Examples


(See www.efm.leeds.ac.uk/CIVE/CIVE3400 for assistance)

SOLUTIONS

Q1.The flow in a rectangular channel of width 5m, slope 0.001 and a Chezy C of 25is
uniform and has a depth of 1.5m. A gate at the downstream end increases the
depth by 10%. How long will it take this change in depth to affect levels in the
river 0.5 km upstream?

B = 5m
i = 0.001
C = 25
d = 1.5m

Uniform flow

765 . 0 001 . 0
5 . 1 2 5
5 . 1 5
25
2
=
+

=
+
=
=
v
i
d B
Bd
C v
mi C v


Downstream end so have a forward characteristic

( )
o l l p p
j i g c v c v = + 2 2

as uniform flow i = j

10% increase in depth so

( )
65 . 1 /
023 . 4 1 . 1 5 . 1 81 . 9
2
= =
= =
g c d
c
p p
p


Therefore
( ) s m c c v v
p l l p
/ 391 . 0 2 = + =

To find the time for this depth change to move upstream we look at the equation of
the characteristic travelling away from the boundary i.e. a backward characteristic.
This has the equation:
c v
dt
dx
=
dx = 500m, v = v
p
, c = c
p


sec 137
023 . 4 391 . 0
500
=

= dt
1
Q2. At a certain instant in time the depth and velocities of flow at three points in a
channel are known and give in the table below:

Point Chainage Velocity Depth
(km) (m/s) (m)
A 1.0 1.0 1.0
B 2.0 0.8 1.2
C 3.0 0.8 1.3

Using the method of characteristics calculate the flow conditions at point B at
maximum stable time step forward in time. Channel Slope is 0.0005 and
Chezy C = 40.

NOTE: The channel slope has changed from the original handout.

x
P
W O R
L E
x
x
x
L
R
t
t+ t
t

Point A is equivalent to W, point B to O and point C to E
X = 1000m
Calculate time step using c v
dt
dx
+ = for point O.
Interpolate the values at L and R using the values at O to get X
L
and X
R
.

Approximate the energy terms for left and right characteristics at O

The solve the problem using:

( ) (
O R L
R L
P
j i g t c c
v v
v + +
+
=
2
)


2 4
R L R L
P
c c v v
c
+
+

=

Following this procedure we get
s
c v
x
t
o o
35 . 236 =
+

=

2

( )
( ) 8 . 621
1000
= =
= + =
t c v X
t c v X
o o R
o o L

Interpolating:

For the left points we do not need to interpolate as this is the same as the node W.

For the right

( )
( ) 518 . 3
8 . 0
=

=
=

=
E o
R
o R
E o
R
o R
c c
x
x
c c
v v
x
x
v v


The energy term at O is (assuming a wide channel so m = d)

00164 . 0
2 . 1 40
8 . 0
0005 . 0 81 . 9
2
2
2
2
=

=
o
o
d C
v
i g E
So
( ) s m v
P
/ 9 . 0 00164 . 0 35 . 236 518 . 3 132 . 3
2
8 . 0 0 . 1
= + +
+
=
s m c
P
/ 372 . 3
2
518 . 3 132 . 3
4
8 . 0 0 . 1
=
+
+

=
m g c d
p p
16 . 1 /
2
= =
3
Q3.A long wide channel flows with uniform flow of 3.0 m
3
/s/m. Over a half hour
period the upstream depth increases by 25%. Calculate:
i) the upstream flow at the time of this depth measurement and
ii) estimate how long it will take for this depth change to reach 1km
downstream.
NOTE: the original handout omitted the Chezy C = 40 and slope i = 0.001

q = 3.0 m
3
/s /m,
i = 0.001
Chezy C = 40

Calculate normal depth

mi AC Q
mi C V
=
=


For wide channel m = d and Q given in flow per m width, q, so

i d C d q
n n
=
P
boundary
t+t

3
2
2
i C
q
d
n
=
t
d
n
= 1.7784 m

t
O E d
R
= d
n
= 1.7784 R
s m gd c
R
/ 1768 . 4 = =
v
R
= 3.0/1.7784 = 1.687 m/s

v
R
< c
R
so sub critical.

Backward characteristic:
(v
P
2 c
P
) - (v
R
2 c
R
) = dt g (i-j)
Approximation the energy term at the know time level, i.e. at R then i = j
But as we have normal flow then the energy term is zero.

Therefore

v
p
= v
R
+ 2(c
P
c
R
)

25% increase in depth so
d
p
= 1.25 d
n
= 2.223 m
c
P
= 4.67 m/s

giving
v
P
= 2.673 m/s

which is still subcritical.

x
x
R
4
q
p
= d
p
v
p
= 5.94 m
3
/s /m

Time to reach 1km downstream:


( )
18 . 136
67 . 4 673 . 2
1000
=
+
=
+ =

t
c v
t
x


136 seconds to travel downstream.



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