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Electrical Formulas

This document defines common electrical units such as volts, ohms, amperes, watts, and kilovolt-amperes. It provides formulas for calculating power, current, resistance, potential, and motor efficiency and power based on these units. As an example, it shows using Ohm's Law to calculate current in a circuit with 12 volts and 18 ohms of resistance.

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410 views2 pages

Electrical Formulas

This document defines common electrical units such as volts, ohms, amperes, watts, and kilovolt-amperes. It provides formulas for calculating power, current, resistance, potential, and motor efficiency and power based on these units. As an example, it shows using Ohm's Law to calculate current in a circuit with 12 volts and 18 ohms of resistance.

Uploaded by

vickymurugan
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Common electrical units used in formulas and equations are:

• Volts - The units of electrical potential or motive force. The force is required to
send one ampere of current through one ohm of resistance.
• Ohms - The units of resistance. One ohm is the resistance offered to the passage
of one ampere when impelled by one volt.
• Amperes - The units of current. One ampere is the current which onevolt can send
through a resistance of one ohm.
• Watts - The unit of electrical energy or power. One watt is the product of one
ampere and one volt. One ampere of current flowing under the force of one volt
gives one watt of energy.
• Volt Amperes - The product of the volts and amperes as shown by a voltmeter
and ammeter. In direct current systems, volt ampere is the same as watts or the
energy delivered. In alternating current systems, the volts and amperes may or
may not be 100% synchronous. When synchronous, the volt amperes equal the
watts on a wattmeter. When not synchronous, volt amperes exceed watts. More
about reactive power.
• Kilovolt Ampere - One kilovolt ampere - KVA - is equal to 1,000 volt amperes.
• Power Factor - is the ratio of watts to volt amperes.

Electric Power Formulas


W = E I (1a)
W = R I2 (1b)
W = E2/ R (1c)
where
W = power (Watts)
E = voltage (Volts)
I = current (Amperes)
R = resistance (Ohms)

Electric Current Formulas


I = E / R (2a)
I = W / E (2b)
I = (W / R)1/2 (2c)

Electric Resistance Formulas


R = E / I (3a)
R = E2/ W (3b)
R = W / I2 (3c)

Electrical Potential Formulas - Ohms Law


Ohms law can be expressed as:
E = R I (4a)
E = W / I (4b)
E = (W R)1/2 (4c)

Example - Ohm's law


A 12 volt battery supplies power to a resistance of 18 ohms.
I = (12 Volts) / (18 ohms)
= 0.67 Ampere

Electrical Motor Formulas


Electrical Motor Efficiency
µ = 746 Php / Winput (5)
where
µ = efficiency
Php = output horsepower (hp)
Winput = input electrical power (Watts)
or alternatively
µ = 746 Php / (1.732 E I PF) (5b)
Electrical Motor - Power
W3-phase = (E I PF 1.732) / 1,000 (6)
where
W3-phase = electrical power 3-phase motor (kW)
PF = power factor electrical motor
Electrical Motor - Amps
I3-phase = (746 Php) / (1.732 E µ PF) (7)
where
I3-phase = electrical current 3-phase motor (Amps)
PF = power factor electrical motor

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