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    Reservoir Simulation

    Uploaded by

    Eslem Islam
    The document discusses reservoir simulation and modeling. It covers topics such as modeling the reservoir with grids, modeling fluid flow within the reservoir and wells, different types of reservoir simulators, and numerical models like black oil models. Key steps in reservoir simulation include defining the grid, assigning rock and fluid properties, history matching, and using the model to make predictions. Commercial simulators like Eclipse are commonly used and provide functionality for various applications such as EOR processes.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Reservoir Simulation

    Uploaded by

    Eslem Islam
    2K views75 pages
    The document discusses reservoir simulation and modeling. It covers topics such as modeling the reservoir with grids, modeling fluid flow within the reservoir and wells, different types of reservoir simulators, and numerical models like black oil models. Key steps in reservoir simulation include defining the grid, assigning rock and fluid properties, history matching, and using the model to make predictions. Commercial simulators like Eclipse are commonly used and provide functionality for various applications such as EOR processes.

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    The document discusses reservoir simulation and modeling. It covers topics such as modeling the reservoir with grids, modeling fluid flow within the reservoir and wells, different types of reservoir simulators, and numerical models like black oil models. Key steps in reservoir simulation include defining the grid, assigning rock and fluid properties, history matching, and using the model to make predictions. Commercial simulators like Eclipse are commonly used and provide functionality for various applications such as EOR processes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    2K views75 pages

    Reservoir Simulation

    Uploaded by

    Eslem Islam
    The document discusses reservoir simulation and modeling. It covers topics such as modeling the reservoir with grids, modeling fluid flow within the reservoir and wells, different types of reservoir simulators, and numerical models like black oil models. Key steps in reservoir simulation include defining the grid, assigning rock and fluid properties, history matching, and using the model to make predictions. Commercial simulators like Eclipse are commonly used and provide functionality for various applications such as EOR processes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 75

    1

    Reservoir Simulation
    Khaled FEKI
    K.FEKI
    2
    THE CHALLENGE OF RESERVOIR SIMULATION
    K.FEKI
    3
    DYNAMIC RESERVOIR SIMULATION
    K.FEKI
    4
    Incentives for running a flow simulation
    K.FEKI
    5
    Computer Modeling
    The reservoir model Fluid flow Equation within the reservoir
    The reservoir is modeled by subdividing the reservoir
    volume into an array, or grid, of smaller volume
    elements, which called: gridblock, cell, or node.

    The well model Fluid flow that represents the extraction of fluids from
    the reservoir or the injection of fluids into the reservoir

    The well bore mode Fluid flow from the sand face to the surface

    The surface model constraints associated with surface facilities, such
    as platform and separator limitations
    K.FEKI
    6
    Reservoir simulator
    K.FEKI
    7
    Reservoir simulation model
    K.FEKI
    8
    Reservoir simulation model
    K.FEKI
    9
    Main modeled phenomena
    K.FEKI
    10
    Definitions
    K.FEKI
    11
    Types of models
    K.FEKI
    12
    Types of simulators
    K.FEKI
    13
    Types of simulators
    K.FEKI
    14
    Black Oil model
    K.FEKI
    15
    NUMERICAL MODELS: DISCRETIZATION
    K.FEKI
    16
    Reservoir Simulation PLANNING
    K.FEKI
    17
    A question of Scale
    K.FEKI
    18
    Prediction Future performance
    History Matching
    Prediction
    Geological Model
    Reservoir Simulation Model
    Reduce Operation Expenses
    Increase Recovery
    K.FEKI
    19
    Problem definition
    K.FEKI
    20
    Data review
    K.FEKI
    21
    Main Types of Data
    K.FEKI
    22
    Study approach
    K.FEKI
    23
    Study approach
    K.FEKI
    24
    GRID TYPES
    K.FEKI
    25
    GRID TYPES
    K.FEKI
    26
    Sugar box geometry
    K.FEKI
    27
    Sugar box geometry
    K.FEKI
    28
    Corner point geometry
    K.FEKI
    29
    Reservoir description : PROPERTIES
    K.FEKI
    30
    Reservoir description : PROPERTIES
    K.FEKI
    31
    Reservoir Discritization

    Defination: the reservoir is described by a set of gridblocks (or
    gridpoints) whose properties, dimensions, boundaries, and locations in the
    reservoir are well defined.

    Block centered grid
    Point distributed grid
    X
    Y
    i i+1 i-1
    X
    K.FEKI
    32
    Block Identification and Ordering
    K.FEKI
    33
    Block Identification and Ordering
    Natural ordering
    Zebra ordering
    Diagonal D2 ordering
    Alternating diagonal
    D4 ordering
    Cycle ordering
    Cycle-2 ordering
    K.FEKI
    34
    GRID SIZE SELECTION
    K.FEKI
    35
    ACTIVE and DEAD CELLS
    K.FEKI
    36
    GEOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS
    K.FEKI
    37
    CHOICE OF VERTICAL DISCRETIZATION
    K.FEKI
    38
    Using LGR to model gas coning
    K.FEKI
    39
    Block-centered grid
    K.FEKI
    40
    Block-centered grid
    K.FEKI
    41
    Block-centered grid
    K.FEKI
    42
    Dip or fault ?
    K.FEKI
    43
    CPG grid intercell flow
    K.FEKI
    44
    Fault description in CPG grid
    K.FEKI
    45
    Example of CPG reservoir model
    K.FEKI
    46
    Fault description in CPG grid
    K.FEKI
    47
    Reservoir layering: Use of log Correlation
    K.FEKI
    48
    Upscaling
    Optimum level of
    and techniques
    for upscaling to
    minimize errors
    Gurpinar, 2001
    Khalid Aziz, Petroleum reservoir simulation
    K.FEKI
    49
    Rock properties: Main parameters
    K.FEKI
    50
    Rock properties: Net thickness and porosity
    K.FEKI
    51
    Rock properties: Compressibility
    K.FEKI
    52
    Rock properties: Compressibility
    K.FEKI
    53
    Horizontal & Vertical Permeability
    K.FEKI
    54
    Horizontal Permeability
    K.FEKI
    55
    Vertical Permeability
    K.FEKI
    56
    History Matching
    K.FEKI
    57
    History Matching
    K.FEKI
    58
    History Matching
    K.FEKI
    59
    FIRST STEP - GENERAL FIELD MATCH - RUN 1
    K.FEKI
    60
    FINAL STEP - GENERAL FIELD MATCH - RUN 3
    K.FEKI
    61
    Predictions
    K.FEKI
    62
    Predictions
    K.FEKI
    63
    Predictions
    K.FEKI
    64
    Fluid flow equations
    Conservation laws
    Conservation in mass
    Assume:
    Isothermal condition
    complete and instantaneous phase equilibration in each cell
    Conservation in energy
    Conservation in momentum
    Additional constraints
    Wells and facilities
    Large number of non-linear equations
    K.FEKI
    65
    Fluid flow equations
    Type of fluid in the reservoir
    Flow regimes
    Reservoir geometry
    Number of flowing fluids in the reservoir
    Incompressible
    Slightly compressible
    Compressible
    Steady State flow
    Unsteady State flow
    Pseudo Steady State flow
    Radial flow
    Linear flow
    Spherical and Hemispherical flow
    Single Phase flow
    Two phase flow
    Three phase flow
    K.FEKI
    66
    IN OUT
    Reservoir Simulator
    Pressure
    Saturation
    Newton-Raphson (IMPLICIT)
    all primary variables are calculated at the same time.

    IMplicit Pressure Explicit Saturation (IMPES)
    The IMPES procedure solves for pressure at the new time level using
    saturations at the old time level, and then uses the pressures at the
    new time level to explicitly calculate saturations at the new time level
    K.FEKI
    67
    Numerical Models
    Black oil model
    Depletion
    Water Injection
    o Component: oil water gas
    o Phase: Oil water gas
    Gas injection to increase or maintain reservoir pressure
    Miscible flooding as the injection gas goes into solution with oil
    Carbon dioxide flooding, with the gas soluble in both oil and water
    Thick reservoirs with a compositional gradient caused by gravity
    Reservoirs with fluid compositions near the bubblepoint
    High-pressure, high temperature reservoirs
    Natural-fracture reservoir modeling.
    o Component: C1,C2, .So2,H2S,N2,..
    o Phase: Oil water gas
    Polymer and surfactant injection
    o Component: Water oil surfactant alcohol
    o Phase: Agues oleic microemulsion
    Compositional model
    Chemical model
    K.FEKI
    68
    Reservoir simulators
    ECLIPSE
    GPRS
    SENSOR
    NEXUS
    UTCHEM
    Boast 3
    COMET3

    Objective
    Accuracy
    Time
    Limitations
    User friendly
    Easy to integrate

    K.FEKI
    69
    Commercial reservoir simulator for over 25 years

    Black-oil
    Compositional
    Thermal
    Streamline


    Eclipse reservoir simulator
    K.FEKI
    70
    Eclipse reservoir simulator
    Local Grid Refinement
    Gas Lift Optimization
    Gas Field Operations
    Gas Calorific Value-Based
    Control
    Geomechanics
    Coalbed Methane
    Networks
    Reservoir Coupling
    Flux Boundary
    Environmental Traces
    Open-ECLIPSE Developer's Kit
    Pseudo-Compositional
    EOR Foam
    EOR Polymer
    EOR Solvent
    EOR Surfactant
    Wellbore Friction
    Multisegmented Wells
    Unencoded Gradients
    Parallel ECLIPSE
    K.FEKI
    71
    Grid definition : Example
    K.FEKI
    72
    Grid definition: Quiz
    K.FEKI
    73
    Reservoir layering: Quiz
    K.FEKI
    74
    Rock properties: Main parameters
    K.FEKI
    75 K.FEKI

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