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Introduction

Gravimetry is a quantitative analytical technique where the analyte is precipitated from solution, collected, dried, and weighed to determine its concentration in the original solution. Key steps include precipitating the analyte, filtering and washing to remove impurities, drying to remove solvent, and weighing the solid to calculate the concentration based on the precipitate weight. An example provided is the gravimetric determination of iron where the sample is oxidized, iron hydroxide is precipitated and ignited to iron oxide, and the weight is used to calculate the iron content.

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69 views2 pages

Introduction

Gravimetry is a quantitative analytical technique where the analyte is precipitated from solution, collected, dried, and weighed to determine its concentration in the original solution. Key steps include precipitating the analyte, filtering and washing to remove impurities, drying to remove solvent, and weighing the solid to calculate the concentration based on the precipitate weight. An example provided is the gravimetric determination of iron where the sample is oxidized, iron hydroxide is precipitated and ignited to iron oxide, and the weight is used to calculate the iron content.

Uploaded by

alexpharm
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Gravimetry

Introduction

Gravimetry is the quantitative measurement of an analyte by weighing a pure, solid form


of the analyte. Since gravimetric analysis is an absolute measurement, it is the principal
method for analyzing and preparing primary standards.

A typical experimental procedure to determine an unknown concentration of an analyte in


solution is as follows:

• quantitatively precipitate the analyte from solution


• collect the precipitate by filtering and wash it to remove impurities
• dry the solid in an oven to remove solvent
• weigh the solid on an analytical balance
• calculate the analyte concentration in the original solution based on the weight of
the precipitate

Examples of Gravimetric Lab Procedures

Gravimetric Determination of Iron

1. Determine constant weight of the crucibles


2. Oxidation of iron sample
3. Precipitation of iron hydroxide
4. Ignition of iron hydroxide to iron oxide
5. Determine constant weight of the crucibles plus iron oxide
6. Calculation of iron in the sample

Analytical Balance
Introduction

Analytical balances are accurate and precise instruments to measure weights. They
require a draft-free location on a solid bench that is free of vibrations. Modern balances
have built-in calibration weights to maintain accuracy. Older balances should be
calibrated periodically with a standard weight. A few weighing tips follow:

• Do not bump or place objects on the bench after zeroing the balance.
• Weigh powders on weighing paper or in weighing dishes. Handle objects with
tongs, gloves, or weighing paper to prevent fingerprints.
• Let hot objects cool before weighing.
• Weigh hygroscopic materials rapidly since they will absorb water during
weighing.
• When making repetitive weighings always use the same procedure.

Picture of an analytical balance

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