PICSimulatorIDE

BASICCompilerReferenceManual
TableOfContents:
Generalinfo
Sho!arnin"s#Do$otCompile%nuse&Co&e#Initiali'e(ariablesOnDeclaration#
About)ariables
Dim#As#Bit#B*te#!or&#+on"#Reser)e#,-B#,+B#,-!#,+!#S*mbol#True#.alse#Const#Pointer#
ASM#!REG#
Mathematicalan&lo"icaloperations
Mo&#S/r#$ot#An&#Or#0or#$an&#$or#$1or#-i"h#+o#To""le#
Stan&ar&Basiclan"ua"eelements
Goto#.or#To#Step#$e1t#!hile#!en&#If#Then#Else#En&if#SelectCase#Case#En&Select#-alt#
Subroutines
En&#Gosub#Return#
Microcontrollerrelate&lan"ua"eelements
Confi"#Input#Output#AllDi"ital#Define#CO$.2!ORD#CO$.2!ORD23#C+OC42.RE5%E$C6#
EEPROM#
SpecialBasiclan"ua"eelements
!aitMs#!ait%s#SIM%+ATIO$2!AITMS2(A+%E#Brea7#Shift+eft#ShiftRi"ht#+oo7%p#Count#
CO%$T2MODE#.re/Out#
Structure&lan"ua"esupport8proce&uresan&functions9
Proc#En&Proc#Call#E1it#.unction#En&.unction#Inclu&e#
%sin"internalEEPROMmemor*
Rea&#!rite#
%sin"internalA:Dcon)ertermo&ule
A&cin#ADC2C+OC4#ADC2SAMP+E%S#
%sin"interrupts
Enable#Disable#OnInterrupt#Resume#Sa)eS*stem#
Serialcommunicationusin"internalhar&are%ART
-seropen#-serout#-serin#-ser"et#Cr+f#+f#A++O!2M%+TIP+E2-SEROPE$#
A++O!2A++2BA%DRATES#
Softare%ARTimplementation
SERO%T2DE+A6%S#Serout#Serin#SeroutIn)#SerinIn)#
Interfacin"character+CDs
+CD2BITS#+CD2DREG#+CD2DBIT#+CD2RSREG#+CD2RSBIT#+CD2EREG#+CD2EBIT#
+CD2R!REG#+CD2R!BIT#+CD2COMMA$D%S#+CD2DATA%S#+CD2I$ITMS#
+CD2READ2B%S62.+AG#+c&init#+c&out#+c&cm&out#+c&Clear#+c&-ome8+c&+ine;-ome9#
+c&+ine3-ome#+c&Displa*On#+c&Displa*Off#+c&CurOff#+c&CurBlin7#+c&Cur%n&erline#
+c&CurBlin7%n&erline#+c&+eft#+c&Ri"ht#+c&Shift+eft#+c&ShiftRi"ht#+c&+ine;Clear#
+c&+ine3Clear#+c&+ine;Pos#+c&+ine3Pos#+c&&efchar#+c&+ine<-ome#+c&+ine=-ome#
+c&+ine<Clear#+c&+ine=Clear#+c&+ine<Pos#+c&+ine=Pos#+CD2+I$ES#+CD2C-ARS#
1
I3Ccommunicationithe1ternalI3C&e)ices
I3C!rite#I3CRea&#I3C!rite;#I3CRea&;#I3CREAD2DE+A6%S#I3CC+OC42STRETC-#
I3CPrepare#I3CStart#I3CStop#I3CSen&#I3CRecA8I3CRecei)eAc79#I3CRec$8I3CRecei)e$Ac79#
SupportforSerialPeripheralInterface8SPI9communication
SPI2SC42REG#SPI2SC42BIT#SPI2SDI2REG#SPI2SDI2BIT#SPI2SDO2REG#SPI2SDO2BIT#
SPI2CS2REG#SPI2CS2BIT#SPIC+OC42I$(ERT#SPICS2I$(ERT#SPIC+OC42STRETC-#
SPIPrepare#SPICSOn#SPICSOff#SPISen&#SPIRecei)e#SPISen&Bits#
Interfacin""raphical+CDsith;3>1?=&otmatri1
G+CD2DREG#G+CD2RSREG#G+CD2RSBIT#G+CD2EREG#G+CD2EBIT#G+CD2R!REG#
G+CD2R!BIT#G+CD2CS;REG#G+CD2CS;BIT#G+CD2CS3REG#G+CD2CS3BIT#G+c&init#
G+c&clear#G+c&pset#G+c&preset#G+c&clean#G+c&position#G+c&rite#G+c&out#G+c&in#
G+c&cm&out#
%sin"internalP!Mmo&ules
P!Mon#P!Moff#P!M&ut*#
Interfacin"Ra&ioControl8R:C9ser)os
Ser)oIn#Ser)oOut#
Interfacin"StepperMotors
STEP2A2REG#STEP2A2BIT#STEP2B2REG#STEP2B2BIT#STEP2C2REG#STEP2C2BIT#
STEP2D2REG#STEP2D2BIT#STEP2MODE#Step-ol&#StepC!#StepCC!#
Interfacin";@!IRE&e)ices
;!IRE2REG#;!IRE2BIT#;ireInit#;ireSen&Bit#;ireGetBit#;ireSen&B*te#;ireGetB*te#
DS;>S3AStart#DS;>S3ARea&T#
A&)ance&features
Start.romBero#
CGeneralinfo
Basiccompilere&itoriscompose&ofe&itorpanel8foruserpro"rame&itin"9an&sourcee1plorer8for
eas*na)i"ationthrou"hallelementsofuserpro"ram@)ariables#s*mbols#constants#subroutines#
proce&uresan&functions9,E&itorformatsan&colori'esentere&linesofuserpro"ram#that
simplifiesthe&ebu""in"process,
Theprimar*outputofthecompilerisanassemblersourcefile,-oe)er#ithanappropriate
comman&fromthemenuitcanbeassemble&an&e)enloa&e&inthesimulatorithasin"leclic7,
Menucomman&san&optionsarerich#asellasthecomman&sfromtheri"ht@clic7popupmenus
forthee&itoran&sourcee1plorer,BasiccompilerDsassembleroutputcontainsman*useful
commentlines#thatma7esit)er*helpfulfore&ucationalpurposes#also,
Sho!arnin"s
IfSho!arnin"soptionisenable&#inthe!arnin"sin&oBasiccompilerillshoinformation
aboutunuse&&eclarations#subroutines#proce&uresan&functionsintheuserbasicpro"ram,
Do$otCompile%nuse&Co&e
Ifthisoptionisenable&#Basiccompilerillnotcompileunuse&&eclarations#subroutines#
proce&uresan&functions#inor&ertosa)ememor*resources,
Initiali'e(ariablesOnDeclaration
Ifthisoptionisenable&#Basiccompilerillresetto'eroallmemor*locationsallocate&for
)ariables#atthepositionoftheir&eclarationinthebasicpro"ram,Thisoptionisusefulfor
be"inners#becauseRAMmemor*isfille&ithran&om)aluesat&e)icepoer@up#an&itiseas*to
ma7eamista7etoassumethatall)ariablesareresetto'eroatpoer@up,E1perience&userscan
sa)esomepro"rammemor*#b*&isablin"thisoptionan&ta7in"controlof)ariableinitial)aluesb*
userpro"ramherenecessar*,
2
CAbout)ariables
.our&atat*pesaresupporte&:
Bit@;@bit#Aor;
B*te@;@b*teinte"ersintheran"eAto3EE
!or&@3@b*teinte"ersintheran"eAto?E#E<E
+on"@=@b*teinte"ersintheran"eAto=#3F=#F?G#3FE
(ariablescanbe"lobal8&eclare&inthemainpro"ram#beforetheEn&statement9orlocal8&eclare&
insubroutines#proce&uresan&functions9,(ariablenameuse&fora)ariableith"lobalscopecan
beuse&a"ainforlocal)ariablenames,Thecompilerillreser)eseparatememor*locationsfor
them,Thetotalnumberof)ariablesislimite&b*thea)ailablemicrocontrollerRAMmemor*,
(ariablesare&eclare&usin"DIMstatement:
Dim i As Bit
Dim j As Byte
Dim k As Word
Dim x As Long
Ifnecessar*#)ariablea&&resscanbespecifie&&urin"&eclaration:
Dim x As Byte @ 0x050
Itispossibletouseone@&imensionalarra*sforB*tean&!or&)ariables,.ore1ample:
Dim x(10) As Byte
&eclaresanarra*of;AB*te)ariablesitharra*in&e1intheran"eHA@FI,
+on"&atat*pe8<3@bitmathsupport9isanoptionala&&@onmo&ulefortheinte"rate&basiccompiler,
RESER(Estatementallosa&)ance&usa"eb*reser)in"someoftheRAMlocationstobeuse&b*
in@co&eassemblerroutinesorb*MP+ABIn@CircuitDebu""er,.ore1ample:
Reserve 0x70
-i"han&lob*teofaor&)ariablecanbea&&resse&b*,-Ban&,+Be1tensions,In&i)i&ualbits
canbea&&resse&b*,A#,;#,,,#,;=an&,;Ee1tensions,Itispossibletoma7econ)ersionsbeteen
B*tean&!or&&atat*pesusin",+Ban&,-Be1tensionsor&irectl*:
Dim x As Byte
Dim y As Word
x = y.B
x = y.LB !"#is st$tement is e%&iv$'ent to x = y
y.B = x
y.LB = x
y = x !"#is st$tement (i'' $'so )'e$r t#e #ig# *yte o+ y v$ri$*'e
-i"hor&8compose&b*b*tes<an&39an&loor&8compose&b*b*tes;an&A9ofalon"
)ariablecanbea&&resse&b*,-!an&,+!e1tensions,B*teAcanbea&&resse&b*,+Ban&b*te;
b*,-Be1tensions,.ore1ample:
Dim i As Byte
Dim j As Word
Dim x As Long
i = x.LB
j = x.W
Allspecialfunctionre"isters8S.Rs9area)ailableasB*te)ariablesinbasicpro"rams,In&i)i&ual
bitsofaB*te)ariablecanbea&&resse&b*,A#,;#,3#,<#,=#,E#,?an&,Ge1tensionsorusin"official
namesofthebits:
Dim x As Bit
Dim y As Byte
x = y.7
y., = 1
"R-.A.1 = 0
"R-.B = 0
3
/0R"A.1 = 1
/0R"B = 155
."A"2..R/0 = 1
-3"403.-3"5 = 0
Stan&ar&shortformsforaccessin"portre"istersan&in&i)i&ualchippinsarealsoa)ailable8RA#
RB#RC#RD#REcanbeuse&asB*te)ariablesJRAA#RA;#RA3#,,,#RE?#REGarea)ailableasBit
)ariables9:
RA = 0x++
RB0 = 1
Itispossibletouses*mbolicnames8s*mbols9inpro"rams#toeasil*a&&resss*stem)ariables,
S*mbolscanbe"lobalorlocal,S6MBO+&irecti)eisuse&to&eclares*mbolicnames:
.ym*o' 'ed1 = /0R"B.0
'ed1 = 1
.ym*o' $d6$)tion = AD4030.706D038
Constantscanbeuse&in&ecimalnumbers*stemithnospecialmar7s#inhe1a&ecimalnumber
s*stemithlea&in"A1notation8orith-attheen&9an&inbinar*s*stemithlea&in"Kmar78or
ithBattheen&9,4e*or&sTruean&.alsearealsoa)ailableforBitt*peconstants,.ore1ample:
Dim x As Bit
Dim y As Byte
x = "r&e
y = 0x55
y = 901010101
Constantscanbeassi"ne&tos*mbolicnamesusin"CO$ST&irecti)e,Constantscanbe"lobalor
local,Onee1ample:
Dim x As Word
4onst :i = ;1<
x = :i
An*)ariablethatis&eclare&asaB*teor!or&)ariableusin"Dimstatementcanbeuse&asa
pointertouserRAMmemor*henitisuse&asanar"umentofPOI$TERfunction,The)alue
containe&inthe)ariablethatisuse&asapointershoul&beintheran"eA@E;;,-ereisone
e1ample:
Dim x As Word
Dim y As Byte
x = 0x;+
y = /ointer(x)
y = y = 0x55
x = x > 1
/ointer(x) = y
y = 0x$$
x = x > 1
/ointer(x) = y
Itispossibletousecommentsinbasicsourcepro"rams,Thecommentsmustbe"inithsin"le
/uotes*mbol8D9an&ma*beplace&an*hereinthepro"ram,
+inesofassemblersourceco&ema*beplace&an*hereinbasicsourcepro"raman&mustbe"in
ithASM:prefi1,.ore1ample:
A.?@ 30/
A.?@LAB8L1@ ?0ALW 0x55
S*mbolicnamesof&eclare&)ariablescanbeuse&inassemblerroutinesbecauseproper)ariable
a&&ressillbeassi"ne&tothosenamesb*E5%&irecti)e:
Dim v$rn$me As Byte
v$rn$me = 0
A.?@ ?0ALW 0x55
A.?@ ?0AW5 AAR3A?8
4
!henor7in"ithinlineassemblerco&e#itcoul&beusefultouseor7in"re"isterasasourceor
&estinationinassi"nstatements,.orthatpurpose!REG7e*or&shoul&beuse&an&thecompiler
illta7ecareoftheban7control:
Dim v$rn$me As Byte
A.?@ ?0ALW 0x55
v$rn$me = WR87
CMathematicalan&lo"icaloperations
.i)earithmeticoperations8L#@#M#:#MOD9area)ailableforB*te#!or&an&+on"&atat*pes,The
compilerisabletocompileallpossiblecomple1arithmetice1pressions,.ore1ample:
Dim i As Word
Dim j As Word
Dim x As Word
i = 11;
j = i B 1;<
x = 1
x = (j B x > 11;<5) C (i = x)
S/uarerootofanumber8A@?EE<Eran"e9canbecalculate&usin"S5Rfunction:
Dim x As Word
x = ;,00
x = .%r(x)
.orBit&atat*pe)ariablesse)enlo"icaloperationsarea)ailable,Itispossibletoma7eonl*one
lo"icaloperationinonesin"lestatement,+o"icaloperationsarealsoa)ailableforB*tean&!or&
)ariables,.ore1ample:
E1ample;:
Dim i As Bit
Dim j As Bit
Dim x As Bit
x = 3ot i
x = i And j
x = i 0r j
x = i Dor j
x = i 3$nd j
x = i 3or j
x = i 3xor j
E1ample3:
Dim x As Word
Dim y As Word
x = x 0r y
/0R"B = /0R"4 And 911110000
Therearethreestatementsthatareuse&forbitmanipulation@-IG-#+O!an&TOGG+E,Ifthe
ar"umentofthesestatementsisabitinoneofthePORTre"isters#thenthesamebitinthe
correspon&in"TRISre"isterisautomaticall*cleare&#settin"theaffecte&pinasanoutputpin,Some
e1amples:
ig# /0R"B.0
Lo( AD4030.AD03
"ogg'e 0/"-036R87.-3"8D7
CStan&ar&Basiclan"ua"eelements
%ncon&itionalNumpsareperforme&b*GOTOstatement,Ituseslinelabelnameasar"ument,+ine
labelscanbe"lobalorlocal,+inelabelsmustbefolloe&b*colonmar7D:D,-ereisonee1ample:
Dim x As Word
x = 0
'oo:@ x = x = 1
5
7oto 'oo:
.ourstan&ar&BASICstructuresaresupporte&:.OR@TO@STEP@$E0T#!-I+E@!E$D#I.@T-E$@
E+SE@E$DI.an&SE+ECTCASE@CASE@E$DSE+ECT,-erearese)erale1amples:
E1ample;:
Dim x As Byte
"R-.B = 0
x = 155
W#i'e x E 0
/0R"B = x
x = x > 1
W$it?s 100
Wend
/0R"B = x
E1ample3:
"R-.B = 0
'oo:@
-+ /0R"A.0 "#en
/0R"B.0 = 1
8'se
/0R"B.0 = 0
8ndi+
7oto 'oo:
E1ample<:
Dim x As Word
"R-.B = 0
5or x = 0 "o 10000 .te: 10
/0R"B = x.LB
3ext x
E1ample=:
Dim i As Byte
Dim j As Byte
Dim x As Byte
j = 155
x = 1
"R-.B = 0
5or i = j "o 0 .te: >x
/0R"B = i
3ext i
E1ampleE:
Dim x As Byte
'oo:@
.e'e)t 4$se x
4$se 155
x = 1
4$se F= 117
x = x = 1
4$se 8'se
x = 155
8nd.e'e)t
7oto 'oo:
AfterI.@T-E$statementinthesamelinecanbeplace&almoste)er*otherpossiblestatementan&
thenE$DI.isnotuse&,Therearenolimitsforthenumberofneste&statementsofan*7in&,Inthe
teste1pressionsofI.@T-E$an&!-I+EstatementsitispossibletousemultipleORe&an&multiple
A$De&con&itions,Multiplecommaseparate&con&itionscanbeuse&ithCASEstatements#also,
6
Ifthereisanee&toinsertaninfiniteloopinbasicpro"ram#thatcanbe&oneith-A+Tstatement,
CSubroutines
Structure&pro"ramscanberittenusin"subroutinecallsithGOS%Bstatementthatusesline
labelnameasar"ument,Returnfromasubroutineisperforme&b*RET%R$statement,%sernee&
tota7ecarethatthepro"ramstructureisconsistent,!henusin"subroutines#mainroutinenee&to
been&e&ithE$Dstatement,E$Dstatementiscompile&asaninfiniteloop,-ereisane1ample:
.ym*o' $d6$)tion = AD4030.706D038
.ym*o' dis:'$y = /0R"B
"R-.B = 900000000
"R-.A = 9111111
AD4030 = 0x)0
AD4031 = 0
ig# AD4030.AD03
m$in@
7os&* get$dres&'t
dis:'$y = ADR8.
7oto m$in
8nd
get$dres&'t@
ig# $d6$)tion
W#i'e $d6$)tion
Wend
Ret&rn
CMicrocontrollerrelate&lan"ua"eelements
Microcontrollerportsan&pinscanbeconfi"ure&asinputsoroutputsb*assi"nin"proper)aluesto
TRIS1re"istersortheirbits,Thattas7canalsobeaccomplishe&b*aCO$.IGstatement,Itss*nta1
isapparentfromthefolloin"e1amples:
4on+ig /0R"B = 0&t:&t
4on+ig RA0 = 0&t:&t
4on+ig /0R"4.; = -n:&t
4on+ig RD = -n:&t
AllPICmicrocontrollersthatfeatureanalo"capabilities8A:Dcon)ertersan&:oranalo"comparators9
aresetupatpoer@uptousethein)ol)e&pinsfortheseanalo"purposes,Inor&ertousethosepins
as&i"italinput:outputs#the*shoul&besetupfor&i"italuseb*chan"in"the)aluesinsomeofthe
specialfunctionsre"istersasspecifie&b*the&atasheets,Tosetupallpinsfor&i"italpurposes#
A++DIGITA+statementcanbeuse&atthebe"innin"ofthebasicpro"ram,
Therearetoconfi"urationparametersCO$.2!ORDan&CO$.2!ORD238nota)ailableforall
&e)ices9thatcanbesetusin"DE.I$E&irecti)etoo)erri&ethe&efault)alues,Thecloc7fre/uenc*
ofthetar"et&e)icecanbespecifie&b*settin"theC+OC42.RE5%E$C6parameter8the)alueis
e1presse&inM-'9,Theseparametersshoul&besetupatthebe"innin"ofthebasicpro"ram,.or
e1ample:
De+ine 40356W0RD = 0x;+71
De+ine 4L04G65R8H2834I = 10
EEPROMmemor*contentcanbe&efine&inbasicpro"ramsusin"EEPROMstatement,Itsfirst
ar"umentisthea&&ressofthefirstb*teinthe&atalist,MultipleEEPROMstatementscanbeuse&
tofillin&ifferentareasofEEPROMmemor*#ifnee&e&,.ore1ample:
88/R0? 0J 0x55
88/R0? 15;J 0x01J 0x01J 0x0;
CSpecialBasiclan"ua"eelements
!AITMSan&!AIT%Sstatementscanbeuse&toforcepro"ramtoaitforthespecifie&numberof
millisecon&sormicrosecon&s,Itisalsopossibletouse)ariablear"umentofB*teor!or&&ata
7
t*pe,TheseroutinesuseCloc7.re/uenc*parameterthatcanbechan"e&fromtheOptionsmenu,
!AIT%Sroutinehasminimal&ela*an&stepthatalso&epen&ontheCloc7.re/uenc*parameter,
Dim x As Word
x = 100
W$it?s x
W$it2s 50
Important$ote:!henritin"pro"ramsforrealPIC&e)ices*ouillmostli7el*use&ela*inter)als
thatarecomparableto;secon&or;AAAmillisecon&s,Man*e1amplesinthishelpfilealsousesuch
Dreal@timeDinter)als,But#if*ouanttosimulatethosepro"rams*ouha)etobe)er*patienttosee
somethin"tohappen#e)enon)er*poerfulPCsa)ailableto&a*,.orsimulationofD!aitMs;AAAD
statementon=M-'*ouha)etoaitthesimulatortosimulate;AAAAAAinstructionsan&itillta7e
consi&erableamountoftimee)enifDe1tremel*fastDsimulationrateisselecte&,So#Nustforthe
purposeofsimulation*oushoul&recompile*ourpro"ramsitha&Nuste&&ela*inter)als#thatshoul&
note1cee&;@;Ams,But#besuretorecompile*ourpro"ramithori"inal&ela*sbefore*ou
&onloa&ittoareal&e)ice,Thereisaneas*a*tochan"ear"umentsofall!AITMSstatements
inalar"ebasicpro"ramitha)alueintheran"e;@;Aforsimulationpurposes,!ithonelineof
co&esettin"parameterSIM%+ATIO$2!AITMS2(A+%EithDE.I$E&irecti)e#thear"umentsofall
!AITMSstatementsinthepro"ramillbei"nore&an&thespecifie&)alueillbeuse&instea&
&urin"compilin",Settin"the)alueA8&efault9forthisparameter8oromittin"theholeline9ill
cancelitseffectan&thecompile&co&eillberea&*a"ainfortherealhar&are,
Itispossibletoinsertbrea7pointsforthesimulator&irectl*inbasicpro"ramsusin"BREA4
statement,Itiscompile&asreser)e&opco&eA1AAA;an&thesimulatorillinterpretthisopco&eas
abrea7pointan&sitchthesimulationratetoStepB*Step,
S-I.T+E.Tan&S-I.TRIG-Tfunctionscanbeuse&toshiftbit@le)elrepresentationofa)ariable
leftan&ri"ht,Thefirstar"umentisinput)ariablean&thesecon&ar"umentisnumberofshiftstobe
performe&,-erearetoe1amples:
E1ample;:
"R-.B = 0x00
/0R"B = 900000011
go'e+t@
W$it?s 150
/0R"B = .#i+tLe+t(/0R"BJ 1)
-+ /0R"B = 911000000 "#en 7oto gorig#t
7oto go'e+t
gorig#t@
W$it?s 150
/0R"B = .#i+tRig#t(/0R"BJ 1)
-+ /0R"B = 900000011 "#en 7oto go'e+t
7oto gorig#t
E1ample3:
"R-.B = 0x00
/0R"B = 900000001
go'e+t@
W$it?s 150
/0R"B = .#i+tLe+t(/0R"BJ 1)
-+ /0R"B.7 "#en 7oto gorig#t
7oto go'e+t
gorig#t@
W$it?s 150
/0R"B = .#i+tRig#t(/0R"BJ 1)
-+ /0R"B.0 "#en 7oto go'e+t
7oto gorig#t
8
+OO4%Pfunctioncanbeuse&toselectonefromthelistofB*teconstants#base&onthe)aluein
thein&e1B*te)ariable#thatissupplie&asthelastseparate&ar"umentofthefunction,Thefirst
constantinthelisthasin&e1)alueA,Theselecte&constantillbeloa&e&intotheresultB*te&ata
t*pe)ariable,Ifthe)alueinthein&e1)ariable"oesbe*on&thenumberofconstantsinthelist#the
result)ariableillnotbeaffecte&b*thefunction,-ereisonesmalle1ampleforaG@se"ment+ED
&ispla*:
Dim digit As Byte
Dim m$sk As Byte
"R-.B = 900000000
'oo:@
5or digit = 0 "o K
m$sk = Look2:(0x;+J 0x0,J 0x5*J 0x<+J 0x,,J 0x,dJ 0x7dJ 0x07J 0x7+J
0x,+)J digit
/0R"B = m$sk
W$it?s 1000
3ext digit
7oto 'oo:
Ifallconstantsinthelist8orpartofthem9areASCII)alues#thenshorterformofthelistcanbe
create&b*usin"strin"ar"uments,.ore1ample:
m$sk = Look2:(LAB4D857-MGL)J index
Ifitisnecessar*tocountthenumberofpulsesthatcometooneofthemicrcontrollerDspins&urin"a
certainperio&oftime#thereisCO%$Tstatementa)ailableforthatpurpose,Ithasthreear"uments,
Thefirstoneisthepinthatisconnecte&tothesourceofpulses,Itshoul&pre)iousl*besetupas
&i"italinputpin,Thesecon&ar"ument&efinesthe&urationoftheobser)atione1presse&in
millisecon&san&itmustbeanumericconstantintheran"e;@;AAAA,Thelastar"umentofthis
statementisaB*teor!or&)ariableherethecounte&numberofpulsesillbestore&afterits
e1ecution,CO%$TstatementusesinternalTimerAperipheralmo&ule,ThereisCO%$T2MODE
parametera)ailablethatcanbesetupithDE.I$E&irecti)e,Ifitissetto)alue;8&efault)alue9
CO%$Tstatementillcountthenumberofrisin"pulsee&"es,IfCO%$T2MODEO3#thenumberof
fallin"e&"esillbecounte&,
De+ine 4023"6?0D8 = 1
Dim n&m6o+6:&'ses As Word
4o&nt /0R"B.0J 1000J n&m6o+6:&'ses
.RE5O%Tstatementcanbeuse&to"enerateatrainofpulses8soun&tone9onthespecifie&pin
ithconstantfre/uenc*an&specifie&&uration,Ithasthreear"uments,Thefirstar"umentisthepin
thatthetoneillbe"enerate&on,Itshoul&pre)iousl*besetupas&i"italoutputpin,Thesecon&
ar"umentspecif*thetonefre/uenc*an&itmustbeaconstantintheran"e;@;AAAA-',Thethir&
ar"ument&efinesthetone&urationan&italsomustbeanumericconstantintheran"e;@;AAAAms,
Choosin"hi"hertonefre/uenciesithlomicrocontrollercloc7fre/uenc*use&ma*resultin
somehatinaccuratefre/uenc*ofthe"enerate&tones,.RE5O%Tstatementcanbealternati)el*
use&inD)ariablemo&eDith!or&&atat*pe)ariablesinstea&ofconstantsforthelastto
ar"uments,Inthismo&eofusa"ethesecon&ar"umentissuppose&tohol&thehalf@perio&ofthe
tone8inmicrosecon&s9an&thethir&ar"umentmusthol&thetotalnumberofpulsesthatillbe
"enerate&,Thefolloin"co&eill"enerateonesecon&lon"toneonRBApinith?AA-'
fre/uenc*:
"R-.B.0 = 0
5re%0&t /0R"B.0J ,00J 1000
CStructure&lan"ua"esupport8proce&uresan&functions9
Proce&urescanbe&eclare&ithPROCstatement,The*cancontainuptoEar"uments8comma
separate&list9an&alla)ailable&atat*pescanbeuse&forar"ument)ariables,Ar"ument)ariables
are&eclare&locall*#sothe*&onotnee&toha)euni/uenamesinrelationtotherestofuserbasic
pro"ram#thatma7es)er*eas*tore@useoncerittenproce&uresinotherbasicpro"rams,The
proce&urescanbee1ite&ithE0ITstatement,The*mustbeen&e&ithE$DPROCstatementan&
mustbeplace&aftertheE$Dstatementinpro"ram,Callstoproce&uresareimplemente&ith
CA++statement,Thelistofpasse&ar"umentscancontainboth)ariablesan&numericconstants,
.ore1ample:
9
Dim x As Byte
"R-.B = 0
5or x = 0 "o 155
4$'' :ort*6dis:'$y(x)
W$it?s 100
3ext x
8nd
/ro) :ort*6dis:'$y($rg1 As Byte)
/0R"B = $rg1
8nd /ro)
Allfactsstate&forproce&uresare)ali&forfunctions#also,.unctionscanbe&eclare&ith
.%$CTIO$statement,The*cancontainuptoEar"umentsan&ar"ument)ariablesare&eclare&
locall*,.unctionscanbee1ite&ithE0ITstatementan&mustbeen&e&ithE$D.%$CTIO$,The
nameofthefunctionis&eclare&asa"lobal)ariable#soifthefunctioniscalle&ithCA++
statement#afteritse1ecutionthefunction)ariableillcontaintheresult,Stan&ar&a*offunction
callsinassi"nmentstatementscanbeuse&#also,Onesimplee1ample:
Dim x As Byte
Dim y As Word
5or x = 0 "o 155
y = s%&$re(x)
3ext x
8nd
5&n)tion s%&$re($rg1 As Word) As Word
s%&$re = $rg1 B $rg1
8nd 5&n)tion
Basicsourceco&efromane1ternalfilecanbeinclu&e&tothecurrentpro"ramb*usin"I$C+%DE
&irecti)e,Itsonl*ar"umentisastrin"containin"thepathtothee1ternal,BASfile,Thiscanbethe
fullpathoronl*thefilename#ifthee1ternalfileislocate&inthesamefol&erasthecurrentbasic
pro"ramfile,Durin"thecompilationprocessthee1ternalbasicsourceillbeappen&e&tothe
currentpro"ram,Multiplefilescanbeinclu&e&ithseparateI$C+%DE&irecti)es,Tomaintainthe
o)erallbasicco&estructure#itisstron"l*su""este&thatthee1ternalfilecontains"lobal
&eclarations#subroutines#proce&uresan&functions#onl*,-ereisone)er*simplee1ampleforthe
&emonstration:
main,bas:
Dim i As Word
Dim j As Word
-n)'&de Lin)1.*$sL
-n)'&de Lin)1.*$sL
5or i = 1 "o 10
j = +&n)1(iJ 100)
4$'' :ro)1(j)
3ext i
8nd
inc;,bas:
Dim tot$' As Word
/ro) :ro)1(i As Word)
tot$' = tot$' = i
8nd /ro)
inc3,bas:
5&n)tion +&n)1(i As WordJ j As Word) As Word
+&n)1 = i = j
8nd 5&n)tion
10
Structure&lan"ua"esupportisanoptionala&&@onmo&ulefortheinte"rate&basiccompiler,
C%sin"internalEEPROMmemor*
AccesstoEEPROM&atamemor*canbepro"ramme&usin"READan&!RITEstatements,The
firstar"umentisthea&&ressofab*teinEEPROMmemor*an&canbeaconstantorB*te)ariable,
Thesecon&ar"umentis&atathatisrea&orritten8forREADstatementitmustbeaB*te)ariable9,
Itissu""este&to7eepinterrupts&isable&&urin"thee1ecutionof!RITEstatement,
Dim x As Byte
Dim y As Byte
x = 10
Re$d xJ y
Write 11J y
C%sin"internalA:Dcon)ertermo&ule
ADCI$statementisa)ailableasasupportforinternalA:Dcon)erter,Itsfirstar"umentisADC
channelnumberan&thesecon&ar"umentisa)ariablethatillbeuse&tostoretheresultofA:D
con)ersion,ADCI$statementusestoparametersADC2C+OC4an&ADC2SAMP+E%Sthatha)e
&efault)alues<an&3A,These&efault)aluescanbechan"e&usin"DE.I$E&irecti)e,
ADC2C+OC4parameter&eterminesthechoiceforADCcloc7source8alloe&ran"eisA@<orA@G
&epen&in"onthe&e)iceuse&9,ADC2SAMP+E%Sparametersetsthe&esire&ADCac/uisitiontime
inmicrosecon&s8A@3EE9,ADCI$statementpresupposesthatthecorrespon&in"pinisconfi"ure&as
ananalo"input8TRIS#ADCO$;re"isteran&onsome&e)icesA$SE+re"ister9,-ereisone
e1ample:
Dim v(5) As Byte
Dim vm As Word
Dim i As Byte
De+ine AD464L04G = ;
De+ine AD46.A?/L82. = 50
"R-.A = 0x++
"R-.B = 0
AD4031 = 0
5or i = 0 "o <
Ad)in 0J v(i)
3ext i
vm = 0
5or i = 0 "o <
vm = vm = v(i)
3ext i
vm = vm C 5
/0R"B = vm.LB
C%sin"interrupts
Interruptroutineshoul&beplace&asallothersubroutinesaftertheE$Dstatement,Itshoul&be"in
ithO$I$TERR%PTan&en&ithRES%MEstatement,Ifarithmeticoperations#arra*soran*other
comple1statementsareuse&ininterruptroutine#thenSA(ES6STEMstatementshoul&beplace&
ri"htafterO$I$TERR%PTstatementtosa)ethecontentofre"istersuse&b*s*stem,E$AB+Ean&
DISAB+Estatementscanbeuse&inmainpro"ramtocontrolGIEbitinI$TCO$re"ister,RES%ME
statementillsettheGIEbitan&enableneinterrupts,.ore1ample:
E1ample;:
Dim x As Byte
x = 155
"R-.A = 0
/0R"A = x
11
-3"403.-3"8 = 1
8n$*'e
8nd
0n -nterr&:t
x = x > 1
/0R"A = x
-3"403.-3"5 = 0
Res&me
E1ample3:
Dim t As Word
t = 0
"R-.A = 0x++
AD4031 = 0
"R-.B = 0
0/"-036R87."04. = 0
-3"403."0-8 = 1
8n$*'e
'oo:@
Ad)in 0J /0R"B
7oto 'oo:
8nd
0n -nterr&:t
.$ve .ystem
t = t = 1
-3"403."0-5 = 0
Res&me
CSerialcommunicationusin"internalhar&are%ART
Thesupportforbothhar&arean&softareserialcommunicationisalsoa)ailable,-SEROPE$#
-SERO%T#-SERI$an&-SERGETstatementscanbeuse&ithPIC&e)icesthatha)einternal
har&are%ART,-SEROPE$statementsetsupthehar&are%ART,Itsonl*ar"umentisbau&rate
an&alloe&)aluesare:<AA#?AA#;3AA#3=AA#=>AA#F?AA#;==AA#;F3AA#3>>AA#<;3EA#<>=AA#
E?AAAan&EG?AA,Ifthear"umentisomitte&%ARTillbesetupforF?AAbau&rate,Ifparameter
A++O!2M%+TIP+E2-SEROPE$issetto;usin"DE.I$E&irecti)e#itillbepossibletouse
-SEROPE$statementmorethanonceinthepro"ram#fore1ampletochan"eselecte&bau&rate,If
A++O!2A++2BA%DRATESparameterissetto;usin"DE.I$E&irecti)eallbau&ratesintheran"e
;AA@EG?AAillbealloe&,-SERO%Tstatementisuse&forserialtransmission,-SERO%T
statementma*ha)emultiplear"umentsseparate&b*D#D,6oucanusestrin"s#+.7e*or&for+ine
.ee&characterorCR+.7e*or&forCarria"eReturn@+ine.ee&se/uence#constantsan&
)ariables,IfDPDsi"nisuse&beforethenameofa)ariablethenits&ecimalrepresentationissentto
theserialport,-SERI$statementcanbeuse&toloa&alistofB*tean&!or&)ariablesiththe
)aluesrecei)e&onserialport,Thisstatementillaituntilthere/uire&numberofb*tesisrecei)e&
onserialport,-SERGETstatementha)eonear"umentthatmustbeaB*te)ariable,Ifthereisa
characteraitin"intherecei)ebufferitillbeloa&e&inthe)ariable#otheriseA)alueillbe
loa&e&,-erearesomee1amples:
E1ample;:
Dim i As Byte
sero:en ;N<00
W$it?s 1000
5or i = 10 "o 0 .te: >1
sero&t L3&m*er@ LJ OiJ 4rL+
W$it?s 500
3ext i
E1ample3:
Dim i As Byte
sero:en 1K100
12
'oo:@
serin i
sero&t L3&m*er@ LJ OiJ 4rL+
7oto 'oo:
E1ample<:
Dim i As Byte
sero:en 1K100
'oo:@
serget i
-+ i E 0 "#en
sero&t L3&m*er@ LJ OiJ 4rL+
W$it?s 50
8ndi+
7oto 'oo:
CSoftare%ARTimplementation
Onallsupporte&PIC&e)icessoftareserialcommunicationcanbeimplemente&ithSERO%T
an&SERI$statements,Thefirstar"umentofbothstatementsmustbeoneofthemicrocontrollerDs
pins#an&thesecon&ar"umentisbau&rate:<AA#?AA#;3AA#3=AA#=>AA#F?AAor;F3AA,%sin"
hi"herbau&ratesithlocloc7fre/uenc*coul&causeframin"errors,.orSERO%Tstatementthen
follosthelistofar"umentstobesenttoserialport,6oucanusestrin"s#+.7e*or&for+ine.ee&
characterorCR+.7e*or&forCarria"eReturn@+ine.ee&se/uence#constantsan&)ariables,IfDPD
si"nisuse&beforethenameofa)ariablethenits&ecimalrepresentationissenttotheserialport,
SERO%TstatementusesSERO%T2DE+A6%Sparameterthatcanbesetb*DE.I$E&irecti)ean&
has&efault)alueof;AAAmicrosecon&s,This&efinesthe&ela*inter)albeforeacharacteris
actuall*senttotheportan&itisuse&toincreasethereliabilit*ofsoftareSERO%Troutine,.or
SERI$statementthenfollosthelistofB*tean&!or&)ariablestobeloa&e&iththe)alues
recei)e&onserialport,Thisstatementillaituntilthere/uire&numberofb*tesisrecei)e&on
serialport,.orserialinterfaceithin)erte&lo"icle)elsthereareSERI$I$(an&SERO%TI$(
statementsa)ailable,Somee1amples:
E1ample;:
De+ine .8R02"6D8LAI2. = 5000
.ero&t /0R"4.,J 1100J Le''o (or'dPLJ 4rL+
E1ample3:
Dim i As Byte
'oo:@
.erin /0R"4.7J K,00J i
.ero&t /0R"4.,J K,00J L3&m*er@ LJ OiJ 4rL+
7oto 'oo:
CInterfacin"character+CDs
Basiccompileralsofeaturesthesupportfor+CDmo&ulesbase&on-D==G>Aorcompatible
controllerchip,Priortousin"+CDrelate&statements#usershoul&setup+CDinterfaceusin"
DE.I$E&irecti)es,-ereisthelistofa)ailableparameters:
+CD2BITS@&efinesthenumberof&atainterfacelines8alloe&)aluesare=an&>J&efaultis=9
+CD2DREG@&efinestheporthere&atalinesareconnecte&to8&efaultisPORTB9
+CD2DBIT@&efinesthepositionof&atalinesfor=@bitinterface8Aor=J&efaultis=9#i"nore&for>@bit
interface
+CD2RSREG@&efinestheporthereRSlineisconnecte&to8&efaultisPORTB9
+CD2RSBIT@&efinesthepinhereRSlineisconnecte&to8&efaultis<9
+CD2EREG@&efinestheporthereElineisconnecte&to8&efaultisPORTB9
+CD2EBIT@&efinesthepinhereElineisconnecte&to8&efaultis39
+CD2R!REG@&efinestheporthereR:!lineisconnecte&to8settoAifnotuse&JAis&efault9
+CD2R!BIT@&efinesthepinhereR:!lineisconnecte&to8settoAifnotuse&JAis&efault9
+CD2COMMA$D%S@&efinesthe&ela*after+CDCMDO%Tstatement8&efault)alueisEAAA9
+CD2DATA%S@&efinesthe&ela*after+CDO%Tstatement8&efault)alueis;AA9
+CD2I$ITMS@&efinesthe&ela*for+CDI$ITstatement8&efault)alueis;AA9
13
Thelastthreeparametersshoul&besettolo)alueshenusin"inte"rate&+CDmo&ulesimulator,
IfR:!lineisconnecte&tomicrocontrolleran&parameter+CD2READ2B%S62.+AGissetto;
usin"DE.I$E&irecti)e#thenthese&ela*parametersillbei"nore&b*compileran&correcttimin"
illbeimplemente&b*rea&in"thestatusofthebus*fla"inthe+CD,
+CDI$ITstatementshoul&beplace&inthepro"rambeforean*of+CDO%T8use&forsen&in"&ata9
an&+CDCMDO%T8use&forsen&in"comman&s9statements,$umericconstantar"umentof
+CDI$ITisuse&to&efinethecursort*pe:AOnocursor8&efault9#;Oblin7#3Oun&erline#<Oblin7
Lun&erline,+CDO%Tan&+CDCMDO%Tstatementsma*ha)emultiplear"umentsseparate&b*D#D,
Strin"s#constantsan&)ariablescanbeuse&asar"umentsof+CDO%Tstatement,IfDPDsi"nisuse&
beforethenameofa)ariablethenits&ecimalrepresentationissenttothe+CDmo&ule,Constants
an&)ariablescanbeuse&asar"umentsof+CDCMDO%Tstatementan&thefolloin"7e*or&s
arealsoa)ailable:+c&Clear#+c&-ome#+c&+ine3-ome#+c&Displa*On#+c&Displa*Off#+c&CurOff#
+c&CurBlin7#+c&Cur%n&erline#+c&CurBlin7%n&erline#+c&+eft#+c&Ri"ht#+c&Shift+eft#
+c&ShiftRi"ht#+c&+ine;Clear#+c&+ine3Clear#+c&+ine;Pos89an&+c&+ine3Pos89,Ar"umentof
+c&+ine;Pos89an&+c&+ine3Pos89canbeanumberintheran"e8;@=A9orB*te&atat*pe)ariable,
The)aluecontaine&inthat)ariableshoul&beinthesameran"e,+c&Displa*Onan&+c&Displa*Off
illturnthecursoroff,Cursorrelate&s*mboliccomman&scanbeuse&asar"umentsof+CDI$IT,
-erearesomee1amples:
E1ample;:
De+ine L4D6B-". = N
De+ine L4D6DR87 = /0R"B
De+ine L4D6DB-" = 0
De+ine L4D6R.R87 = /0R"D
De+ine L4D6R.B-" = 1
De+ine L4D68R87 = /0R"D
De+ine L4D68B-" = ;
De+ine L4D6RWR87 = /0R"D
De+ine L4D6RWB-" = 1
L)dinit L)d4&rB'ink
'oo:@
L)do&t Le''o (or'dPL
W$it?s 1000
L)d)mdo&t L)d4'e$r
W$it?s 1000
7oto 'oo:
E1ample3:
De+ine L4D6B-". = N
De+ine L4D6DR87 = /0R"B
De+ine L4D6DB-" = 0
De+ine L4D6R.R87 = /0R"D
De+ine L4D6R.B-" = 1
De+ine L4D68R87 = /0R"D
De+ine L4D68B-" = ;
De+ine L4D6RWR87 = /0R"D
De+ine L4D6RWB-" = 1
Dim x As Word
x = ,55;5
L)dinit ;
W$it?s 1000
'oo:@
L)do&t L- $m )o&ntingPL
L)d)mdo&t L)dLine1ome
L)do&t Ox
x = x > 1
W$it?s 150
L)d)mdo&t L)d4'e$r
14
7oto 'oo:
+CDrelate&statementsillta7econtrolo)erTRISre"istersconnecte&ithpinsuse&for+CD
interface#butif*ouusePORTAorPORTEpinson&e)icesithA:DCon)erterMo&ulethen*ou
shoul&ta7econtrolo)ertheADCO$;re"istertosetuse&pinsas&i"italI:O,
6oucansetupuptoei"htuser&efine&characterstobeuse&on+CD,Thiscaneasil*be&oneith
+CDDE.C-ARstatement,Thefirstar"umentofthisstatementischarnumberan&mustbeinthe
ran"eA@G,$e1t>ar"umentsform>@linecharpattern8fromthetoptothebottom9an&mustbeinthe
ran"eA@<;8E@bitsi&e9,These>usercharactersareassi"ne&tocharco&esA@Gan&>@;Ean&can
be&ispla*e&usin"+CDO%Tstatement,After+CDDE.C-ARstatementthecursorillbein-OME
position,.ore1ample:
L)dde+)#$r 0J 10J 10J 10J 10J 10J 10J 10J 10
L)dde+)#$r 1J 911111J 910101J 910101J 910101J 910101J 910101J 910101J
911111
L)do&t 0J 1J Le''oPLJ 1J 0
.or+CDsithfourlinesofcharactersa&&itionals*mbolicar"umentsof+CDCMDO%Tstatement
canbeuse&:+c&+ine<-ome#+c&+ine=-ome#+c&+ine<Clear#+c&+ine=Clear#+c&+ine<Pos89an&
+c&+ine=Pos89,Ar"umentof+c&+ine<Pos89an&+c&+ine=Pos89canbeanumberintheran"e8;@=A9
orB*te&atat*pe)ariable,The)aluecontaine&inthat)ariableshoul&beinthesameran"e,Priorto
usin"theselan"ua"eelements#correct)alues&eterminin"+CDt*peshoul&beassi"ne&to
+CD2+I$ESan&+CD2C-ARSparametersusin"DE.I$E&irecti)es,
De+ine L4D6L-38. = <
De+ine L4D64AR. = 1,
De+ine L4D6B-". = N
De+ine L4D6DR87 = /0R"B
De+ine L4D6DB-" = 0
De+ine L4D6R.R87 = /0R"D
De+ine L4D6R.B-" = 1
De+ine L4D68R87 = /0R"D
De+ine L4D68B-" = ;
De+ine L4D6RWR87 = /0R"D
De+ine L4D6RWB-" = 1
L)dinit ;
'oo:@
L)d)mdo&t L)d4'e$r
L)d)mdo&t L)dLine1ome
L)do&t L"#is is 'ine 1L
L)d)mdo&t L)dLine1ome
L)do&t L"#is is 'ine 1L
L)d)mdo&t L)dLine;ome
L)do&t L"#is is 'ine ;L
L)d)mdo&t L)dLine<ome
L)do&t L"#is is 'ine <L
W$it?s 1000
L)d)mdo&t L)dLine14'e$r
L)d)mdo&t L)dLine14'e$r
L)d)mdo&t L)dLine;4'e$r
L)d)mdo&t L)dLine<4'e$r
L)d)mdo&t L)dLine1/os(1)
L)do&t LLine 1L
L)d)mdo&t L)dLine1/os(1)
L)do&t LLine 1L
L)d)mdo&t L)dLine;/os(;)
L)do&t LLine ;L
L)d)mdo&t L)dLine</os(<)
L)do&t LLine <L
W$it?s 1000
7oto 'oo:
15
CI3Ccommunicationithe1ternalI3C&e)ices
I3Ccommunicationcanbeimplemente&inbasicpro"ramsusin"I3C!RITEan&I3CREAD
statements,Thefirstar"umentofbothstatementsmustbeoneofthemicrocontrollerDspinsthatis
connecte&totheSDAlineofthee1ternalI3C&e)ice,Thesecon&ar"umentofbothstatementsmust
beoneofthemicrocontrollerDspinsthatisconnecte&totheSC+line,Thethir&ar"umentofboth
statementsmustbeaconstant)alueorB*te)ariablecalle&Dsla)ea&&ressD,Itsformatis&escribe&
inthe&atasheetoftheuse&&e)ice,.ore1ample#forEEPROMsfrom3=Cfamil*8ith&e)ice
a&&ressinputsconnecte&to"roun&9the)alueA1AAshoul&beuse&forsla)ea&&ressparameter,
Bothstatementsillta7econtrolo)erbitAofsla)ea&&ress&urin"communication,Theforth
ar"umentofbothstatementsmustbeaB*teor!or&)ariable8this&epen&sonthe&e)iceuse&9
thatcontainsthea&&ressofthelocationthatillbeaccesse&,Ifaconstant)alueisuse&for
a&&ressparameteritmustbeinB*te)alueran"e,Thelast8fifth9ar"umentofI3C!RITEstatement
isaB*teconstantor)ariablethatillberittentothespecifie&a&&ress#an&forI3CREAD
statementitmustbeaB*te)ariabletostorethe)aluethatillberea&fromthespecifie&a&&ress,It
isalloe&tousemorethanoneD&ataDar"ument,.orI3C&e)icesthat&onotsupport&ataa&&ress
ar"umentthereisshortformofI3Cstatements8I3C!RITE;an&I3CREAD;9a)ailableheresla)e
a&&ressar"umentisfolloe&ithoneormore&ataar"uments&irectl*,.orsomeI3Csla)e&e)ices
itisnecessar*toma7ea&ela*toma7esure&e)iceisrea&*torespon&toI3CREADstatement,.or
thatpurposethereisI3CREAD2DE+A6%Sparameterthatcanbesetb*DE.I$E&irecti)ean&has
&efault)alueofAmicrosecon&s,Also#forsloerI3C&e)ices#itmi"htbenecessar*touselon"er
cloc7pulses,Thatcanbe&oneb*settin"I3CC+OC42STRETC-parameterusin"DE.I$E
&irecti)e,Thisparameterillsetcloc7stretchfactor,Its&efault)alueis;,-ereisonecombine&
e1ampleith+CDmo&ulean&3=C?=EEPROM8SDAconnecte&toRC3JSC+connecte&toRC<9:
E1ample;:
De+ine L4D6B-". = N
De+ine L4D6DR87 = /0R"B
De+ine L4D6DB-" = 0
De+ine L4D6R.R87 = /0R"D
De+ine L4D6R.B-" = 1
De+ine L4D68R87 = /0R"D
De+ine L4D68B-" = ;
De+ine L4D6RWR87 = /0R"D
De+ine L4D6RWB-" = 1
Dim $ddr As Word
Dim d$t$ As Byte
.ym*o' sd$ = /0R"4.1
.ym*o' s)' = /0R"4.;
L)dinit ;
W$it?s 1000
5or $ddr = 0 "o ;1
L)d)mdo&t L)d4'e$r
d$t$ = 155 > $ddr
-14Write sd$J s)'J 0x$0J $ddrJ d$t$
L)do&t LWrite "o 88/R0?L
L)d)mdo&t L)dLine1ome
L)do&t L(LJ O$ddrJ L) = LJ Od$t$
W$it?s 1000
3ext $ddr
5or $ddr = 0 "o ;1
L)d)mdo&t L)d4'e$r
-14Re$d sd$J s)'J 0x$0J $ddrJ d$t$
L)do&t LRe$d 5rom 88/R0?L
L)d)mdo&t L)dLine1ome
L)do&t L(LJ O$ddrJ L) = LJ Od$t$
W$it?s 1000
3ext $ddr
16
Thereisasetoflo@le)elI3Ccommunicationstatementsa)ailable#ifitisnee&e&toha)emore
controlo)erI3Ccommunicationprocess,I3CPREPAREstatementhastoar"umentsthatmustbe
oneofthemicrocontrollerDspins,Thefirstar"ument&efinesSDAlinean&secon&ar"ument&efines
SC+line,ThisstatementillpreparetheselinesforI3Ccommunication,I3CSTARTstatementill
"eneratestartcon&ition#an&I3CSTOPstatementill"eneratestopcon&ition,Oneb*tecanbesent
totheI3Csla)eusin"I3CSE$Dstatement,Afterthestatementise1ecute&CbitinSTAT%S
re"isterillhol&thecop*ofthestateontheSDAline&urin"theac7nole&"ec*cle,Thereareto
statementsthatcanbeuse&torecei)eoneb*tefromI3Csla)e,I3CRECAorI3CRECEI(EAC4ill
"enerateac7nole&"esi"nal&urin"ac7nole"&ec*cleaftertheb*teisrecei)e&,I3CREC$or
I3CRECEI(E$AC4ill"eneratenotac7nole&"esi"nal&urin"ac7nole"&ec*cleaftertheb*teis
recei)e&,Onee1ample:
E1ample3:
Dim $ddr As Word
Dim d$t$(;1) As Byte
.ym*o' sd$ = /0R"4.1
.ym*o' s)' = /0R"4.;
$ddr = 0
-14/re:$re sd$J s)'
-14.t$rt
-14.end 0x$0
-14.end $ddr.B
-14.end $ddr.LB
-14.to:
-14.t$rt
-14.end 0x$1
5or $ddr = 0 "o ;0
-14Re)eiveA)k d$t$($ddr)
3ext $ddr
-14Re)3 d$t$(;1)
-14.to:
CSupportforSerialPeripheralInterface8SPI9communication
Priortousin"SPIrelate&statements#SPIinterfaceshoul&besetupusin"DE.I$E&irecti)es,
Thereareei"hta)ailableparametersto&efinetheconnectionofSC4#SDI#SDOan&8optionall*9
CSlines:
SPI2SC42REG@&efinestheporthereSC4lineisconnecte&to
SPI2SC42BIT@&efinesthepinhereSC4lineisconnecte&to
SPI2SDI2REG@&efinestheporthereSDIlineisconnecte&to
SPI2SDI2BIT@&efinesthepinhereSDIlineisconnecte&to
SPI2SDO2REG@&efinestheporthereSDOlineisconnecte&to
SPI2SDO2BIT@&efinesthepinhereSDOlineisconnecte&to
SPI2CS2REG@&efinestheporthereCSlineisconnecte&to
SPI2CS2BIT@&efinesthepinhereCSlineisconnecte&to
Theassume&settin"sareacti)e@hi"hforCloc7linean&acti)e@loforChipSelectline,Thatcanbe
chan"e&b*assi"nin"the)alue;toSPIC+OC42I$(ERTan&:orSPICS2I$(ERTparametersb*
DE.I$E&irecti)e,.orsloerSPI&e)ices#itmi"htbenecessar*touselon"ercloc7pulses,The
&efaultcloc7stretchfactor8;9canbechan"e&b*settin"SPIC+OC42STRETC-parameter,
SPIPREPAREstatement8noar"uments9illprepareinterfacelinesforSPIcommunication,
SPICSO$an&SPICSO..statementsillenable:&isabletheChipSelectlineoftheinterface,One
b*tecanbesenttotheSPIperipheralusin"SPISE$Dstatement,Torecei)eab*tefromthe
peripheralSPIRECEI(Estatementshoul&beuse&,Tosen&thespecifie&numberofbitsthereis
SPISE$DBITSstatementa)ailable,Itsfirstar"umentshoul&bethenumberofbitstobesentH;@>I
an&thesecon&ar"umentisab*te)ariableorconstant,-ereisonee1ampleforusin"3ECA=ASPI
eeprom:
E1ample;:
17
A''Digit$'
De+ine ./-64.6R87 = /0R"4
De+ine ./-64.6B-" = 0
De+ine ./-6.4G6R87 = /0R"4
De+ine ./-6.4G6B-" = ;
De+ine ./-6.D-6R87 = /0R"4
De+ine ./-6.D-6B-" = <
De+ine ./-6.D06R87 = /0R"4
De+ine ./-6.D06B-" = 5
./-/re:$re
De+ine L4D6B-". = N
De+ine L4D6DR87 = /0R"D
De+ine L4D6DB-" = 0
De+ine L4D6R.R87 = /0R"8
De+ine L4D6R.B-" = 0
De+ine L4D6RWR87 = /0R"8
De+ine L4D6RWB-" = 1
De+ine L4D68R87 = /0R"8
De+ine L4D68B-" = 1
De+ine L4D6R8AD6B2.I65LA7 = 1
L)dinit
Dim $ddr As Byte
Dim d$t$ As Byte
5or $ddr = 0 "o 10
d$t$ = 100 > $ddr
./-4.0n
./-.end 0x0,
./-4.0++
./-4.0n
./-.end 0x01
./-.end $ddr
./-.end d$t$
./-4.0++
L)d)mdo&t L)d4'e$r
L)do&t LWrite "o 88/R0?L
L)d)mdo&t L)dLine1ome
L)do&t L(LJ O$ddrJ L) = LJ Od$t$
W$it?s 500
3ext $ddr
5or $ddr = 0 "o 10
./-4.0n
./-.end 0x0;
./-.end $ddr
./-Re)eive d$t$
./-4.0++
L)d)mdo&t L)d4'e$r
L)do&t LRe$d 5rom 88/R0?L
L)d)mdo&t L)dLine1ome
L)do&t L(LJ O$ddrJ L) = LJ Od$t$
W$it?s 500
3ext $ddr
-ereisthesamee1amplerittenforF<C>?MicroireEEPROM:
E1ample3:
A''Digit$'
18
De+ine ./-64.6R87 = /0R"4
De+ine ./-64.6B-" = 0
De+ine ./-4.6-3A8R" = 1
De+ine ./-6.4G6R87 = /0R"4
De+ine ./-6.4G6B-" = ;
De+ine ./-6.D-6R87 = /0R"4
De+ine ./-6.D-6B-" = <
De+ine ./-6.D06R87 = /0R"4
De+ine ./-6.D06B-" = 5
./-/re:$re
De+ine L4D6B-". = N
De+ine L4D6DR87 = /0R"D
De+ine L4D6DB-" = 0
De+ine L4D6R.R87 = /0R"8
De+ine L4D6R.B-" = 0
De+ine L4D6RWR87 = /0R"8
De+ine L4D6RWB-" = 1
De+ine L4D68R87 = /0R"8
De+ine L4D68B-" = 1
De+ine L4D6R8AD6B2.I65LA7 = 1
L)dinit
Dim $ddr As Byte
Dim d$t$ As Byte
./-4.0n
./-.endBits ,J 9100110
./-.endBits NJ 900000000
./-4.0++
5or $ddr = 0 "o 10
d$t$ = 100 > $ddr
./-4.0n
./-.endBits ,J 9101000
./-.endBits NJ $ddr
./-.end d$t$
./-4.0++
./-4.0n
./-.end 0x00
./-4.0++
L)d)mdo&t L)d4'e$r
L)do&t LWrite "o 88/R0?L
L)d)mdo&t L)dLine1ome
L)do&t L(LJ O$ddrJ L) = LJ Od$t$
W$it?s 500
3ext $ddr
5or $ddr = 0 "o 10
./-4.0n
./-.endBits ,J 9110000
./-.endBits NJ $ddr
./-Re)eive d$t$
./-4.0++
L)d)mdo&t L)d4'e$r
L)do&t LRe$d 5rom 88/R0?L
L)d)mdo&t L)dLine1ome
L)do&t L(LJ O$ddrJ L) = LJ Od$t$
W$it?s 500
3ext $ddr
19
CInterfacin""raphical+CDsith;3>1?=&otmatri1
Interfacin""raphical+CDsith&otmatri1resolution;3>1?=controlle&b*4SA;A>orcompatible
chipissupporte&iththefolloin"listofBasiclan"ua"eelements:G+CDI$IT#G+CDC+EAR#
G+CDPSET#G+CDPRESET#G+CDPOSITIO$#G+CD!RITE#G+CDC+EA$#G+CDO%T#G+CDI$#
G+CDCMDO%T,Priortousin"Graphical+CDsrelate&statements#usershoul&setuptheinterface
iththe"raphical+CDmo&uleusin"DE.I$E&irecti)es,-ereisthelistofa)ailableparameters:
G+CD2DREG@&efinestheporthere&atalinesareconnecte&to8ithastobeafull>@pinsport9
G+CD2RSREG@&efinestheporthereRSlineisconnecte&to
G+CD2RSBIT@&efinesthepinhereRSlineisconnecte&to
G+CD2EREG@&efinestheporthereElineisconnecte&to
G+CD2EBIT@&efinesthepinhereElineisconnecte&to
G+CD2R!REG@&efinestheporthereR:!lineisconnecte&to
G+CD2R!BIT@&efinesthepinhereR:!lineisconnecte&to
G+CD2CS;REG@&efinestheporthereCS;lineisconnecte&to
G+CD2CS;BIT@&efinesthepinhereCS;lineisconnecte&to
G+CD2CS3REG@&efinestheporthereCS3lineisconnecte&to
G+CD2CS3BIT@&efinesthepinhereCS3lineisconnecte&to
G+CDI$ITstatementshoul&beplace&somehereatthebe"innin"ofthebasicpro"rambefore
an*other"raphical+CDrelate&stetementsareuse&,Graphical+CDrelate&statementsillta7e
controlo)erTRISre"istersconnecte&ithpinsuse&for+CDinterface#butif*ouusepinsthatare
setupasanalo"inputsatpoer@upon&e)icesithA:DCon)erteran&:orComparatormo&ules#*ou
shoul&ta7econtrolo)ertheappropriatere"ister8s98ADCO$;#A$SE+#CMCO$9tosetuse&pinsas
&i"italI:O,
G+CDC+EARstatementillclearthehole&ispla*,Itcanbeuse&ithoneoptionalconstant
ar"umentintheran"eA@3EEthatillbeplace&one)er*b*tepositiononthe&ispla*8;3>1?=
"raphical&ispla*sareinternal*&i)i&e&into?=1?=hal)esJbothhal)esare&i)i&e&inei"ht?=1>
hori'ontalpa"esJe)er*pa"ehasitsa&&ressin"numberintheran"eA@;EJpa"einupper@leftcorner
hasnumberAJpa"einloer@leftcornerhasnumberGJpa"einupper@ri"htcornerhasnumber>J
pa"einloer@ri"htcornerhasnumber;EJe)er*pa"ehas?=b*tepositionsa&&resse&ith
numbersintheran"eA@?<Je)er*b*tepositionhas>bitsJtheuppermostbitis+SBan&the
loermostbitisMSB9,.ore1ample:
7L)dinit
'oo:@
7L)d)'e$r 0x$$
W$it?s 1000
7L)d)'e$r 0x55
W$it?s 1000
7oto 'oo:
G+CDPSETan&G+CDPRESETstatementsareuse&toturnonan&turnoffoneofthe&otsonthe
"raphical&ispla*,Thefirstar"umentisthehori'ontalcoor&inatean&itmustbeab*te&atat*pe
)ariableorconstantintheran"eA@;3G,Thesecon&ar"umentisthe)erticalcoor&inatean&itmust
beab*te&atat*pe)ariableorconstantintheran"eA@?<,The&otintheupper@leftcornerofthe
&ispla*istheori"inithcoor&inatesA#A,.ore1ample:
Dim i As Byte
Dim j As Byte
7L)dinit
5or i = 0 "o 117
5or j = 0 "o ,;
7L)d:set iJ j
3ext j
3ext i
G+CDC+EA$statementisuse&toclearasectionofthepa"eonthe&ispla*,Ithasthree
ar"uments,Thefirstar"umentispa"ea&&ressan&itmustbeab*te&atat*pe)ariableorconstant
intheran"eA@;E,Thesecon&ar"umentisthefirstb*tepositiononthepa"ethatillbecleane&
an&itmustbeab*te&atat*pe)ariableorconstantintheran"eA@?<,Thethir&ar"umentisthelast
b*tepositiononthepa"ethatillbecleane&an&itmustbeab*te&atat*pe)ariableorconstantin
20
theran"eA@?<,Ifthelasttoar"umentsareomitte&theholepa"eillbecleare&,.ore1ample:
Dim i As Byte
7L)dinit
7L)d)'e$r 0x++
5or i = 0 "o 15
7L)d)'e$n i
W$it?s 500
3ext i
G+CDPOSITIO$statementisuse&toa&&ressab*tepositiononthe&ispla*,Itmustbeuse&before
an*oftheG+CD!RITE#G+CDI$#G+CDO%Tan&G+CDCMDO%Tstatements,Thefirstar"ument
ispa"ea&&ressan&itmustbeab*te&atat*pe)ariableorconstantintheran"eA@;E,Thesecon&
ar"umentisthetar"etb*tepositiononthepa"ean&itmustbeab*te&atat*pe)ariableorconstant
intheran"eA@?<,Ifthesecon&ar"umentisomitte&#'erob*tepositionisuse&,
G+CD!RITEstatementisuse&toritete1tonthe&ispla*,Itillstartritin"fromthecurrentb*te
positiononthe&ispla*,Itmustbeuse&carefull*#becausehentheb*teposition8?<9ofthepa"eis
reache&#theritin"illcontinuefromtheb*tepositionAsta*in"onthesamepa"e,Thei&thof
e)er*characterrittenisEb*tepositionsplusoneclearb*teposition,Afterthestatementis
e1ecute&thecurrentb*tepositionillbeattheen&ofthete1tritten,G+CD!RITEstatementma*
ha)emultiplear"umentsseparate&b*D#D,Strin"s#constantsan&b*te)ariablescanbeuse&asits
ar"uments,Constantsan&)ariable)aluesareinterprete&asASCIIco&es,IfDPDsi"nisuse&before
thenameofa)ariable8b*teoror&&atat*pe9thenits&ecimalrepresentationisritten,.or
e1ample:
Dim i As Byte
7L)dinit
5or i = 0 "o 15
7L)d:osition iJ 0
7L)d(rite L/$ge@ LJ Oi
W$it?s 150
3ext i
G+CDO%Tstatementisuse&toritethe)alueoftheb*te)ariableorconstantatthecurrentb*te
positiononthe&ispla*,Thecurrentb*tepositionillbeincremente&b*one,G+CDI$statementill
rea&the)aluefromthecurrentb*tepositiononthe&ispla*an&putitintheb*te)ariablespecifie&
asitsar"ument,G+CDCMDO%Tstatementisuse&tosen&lo@le)elcomman&stothe"raphical
+CD,Itsar"umentcanbeaconstantorb*te&atat*pe)ariable,Allthesethreestatementscanbe
use&ithmultiplear"umentsseparate&b*D#D,
C%sin"internalP!Mmo&ules
InternalP!Mmo&ules8moreprecisel*:P!Mmo&esofCCPmo&ules9areturne&onusin"
P!MO$statement,Thisstatementhastoar"uments,Thefirstar"umentismo&ulenumberan&it
mustbeaconstantintheran"e;@<,Thesecon&ar"umentisuse&formo&eselection,Internal
P!Mmo&ulecanbeuse&onthree&ifferentoutputfre/uenciesforeachoffour&ut*c*cle
resolutionssupporte&b*P!MO$statement8;A@bit#F@bit#>@bitan&G@bit9,So#P!Mmo&ulecanbe
turne&onithP!MO$statementin;3mo&es,-ereisthelistofallmo&esat=M-'cloc7
fre/uenc*8forothercloc7fre/uencies#the)aluesshoul&beproportionall*a&Nuste&9:
mo&e;:;A@bit#3==-'
mo&e3:;A@bit#FGG-'
mo&e<:;A@bit#<FA?-'
mo&e=:F@bit#=>>-'
mo&eE:F@bit#;FE<-'
mo&e?:F@bit#G>;<-'
mo&eG:>@bit#FGG-'
mo&e>:>@bit#<FA?-'
mo&eF:>@bit#;E?3E-'
mo&e;A:G@bit#;FE<-'
mo&e;;:G@bit#G>;<-'
mo&e;3:G@bit#<;3EA-'
21
TheP!Mmo&uleisinitiall*starte&ithA&ut*c*cle#sotheoutputillsta*lountilthe&ut*c*cle
ischan"e&,P!Mmo&ulecanbeturne&offithP!MO..statement,Ithasonl*onear"ument@
mo&ulenumber,
The&ut*c*cleofP!Msi"nalcanbechan"e&ithP!MD%T6statement,Itsfirstar"umentis
mo&ulenumber,Thesecon&ar"umentis&ut*c*clean&itcanbeaconstantintheran"eA@;A3<or
b*teoror&&atat*pe)ariable,%sermustta7ecaretousetheproper)alueran"esforallP!M
mo&es8A@;A3<for;A@bitresolution#A@E;;forF@bitresolution#A@3EEfor>@bitresolutionan&A@;3G
forG@bitresolution9,-ereisonee1amplee1ample:
Dim d&ty As Byte
/W?on 1J K
'oo:@
Ad)in 0J d&ty
/W?d&ty 1J d&ty
7oto 'oo:
CInterfacin"Ra&ioControl8R:C9ser)os
.orritin"applicationstointerfaceR:Cser)ostherearetostatementsa)ailable:SER(OI$an&
SER(OO%T,R:Cser)oiscontrolle&b*atrainofpulses8;E@3Apulsespersecon&9hoselen"th
&efinethepositionoftheser)oarm,The)ali&len"thofpulsesisintheran"e;@3ms,Theseto
statementsha)etoar"uments,Thefirstar"umentofbothstatementsisthemicrocontrollerpin
heretheser)osi"nalisrecei)e&ortransmitte&,.orSER(OI$statementthatpinshoul&be
pre)iousl*setupasaninputpinan&forSER(OO%Tstatementthepinshoul&besetupforoutput,
Thesecon&ar"umentofSER(OI$statementmustbeaB*te)ariableherethelen"thofthepulse
illbesa)e&,Thepulsesaremeasure&in;Ausunits#soitispossibletomeasurepulsesinthe
ran"eA,A;@3,EEms,The)aluestore&inthe)ariablefornormalser)osshoul&beintheran"e;AA@
3AA,Thesecon&ar"umentoftheSER(OO%Tstatementshoul&beaB*te)ariableorconstantthat
&eterminesthelen"thofthe"enerate&pulse,.orproperoperationofthetar"etser)oSER(OO%T
statementshoul&bee1ecute&;E@3Atimes&urin"onesecon&,-ereisane1ampleoftheser)o
re)erseoperation:
Dim 'engt# As Byte
"R-.B.0 = 1
"R-.B.1 = 0
'oo:@
.ervo-n /0R"B.0J 'engt#
-+ 'engt# F 100 "#en 'engt# = 100
-+ 'engt# E 100 "#en 'engt# = 100
'engt# = 'engt# > 100
'engt# = 100 > 'engt#
'engt# = 'engt# = 100
.ervo0&t /0R"B.1J 'engt#
7oto 'oo:
CInterfacin"StepperMotors
Priortousin"steppermotorrelate&statements#itsconnectionan&&esire&&ri)emo&eshoul&be
setupusin"DE.I$E&irecti)es,Thereareei"hta)ailableparametersto&efinetheconnectionofA#
B#Can&Dcoils:
STEP2A2REG@&efinestheporthereAcoilisconnecte&to
STEP2A2BIT@&efinesthepinhereAcoilisconnecte&to
STEP2B2REG@&efinestheporthereBcoilisconnecte&to
STEP2B2BIT@&efinesthepinhereBcoilisconnecte&to
STEP2C2REG@&efinestheporthereCcoilisconnecte&to
STEP2C2BIT@&efinesthepinhereCcoilisconnecte&to
STEP2D2REG@&efinestheporthereDcoilisconnecte&to
STEP2D2BIT@&efinesthepinhereAcoilisconnecte&to
CoilsAan&Careactuall*partsofonesin"lecoilithcommonconnection,Thesameis)ali&forB
an&Dcoilconnections,ThereisalsoSTEP2MODEparameteruse&to&efinethe&ri)emo&e,Ifitis
setto;8&efault9themotorillbe&ri)eninfull@stepmo&e,The)alue3shoul&beuse&forhalf@step
22
mo&e,Thefirstbasicstatementthatshoul&beuse&isSTEP-O+D,Itillconfi"ureuse&pinsas
outputsan&alsoener"i'eAan&Bcoilstofi1therotorinitsinitialposition,.ormo)in"rotorin
cloc7isean&countercloc7ise&irectionsthereareSTEPC!an&STEPCC!statements
a)ailable,Theirfirstar"umentisthenumberofrotorstepsthatillbeperforme&an&itcanbeB*te
&atat*peconstantor)ariable,Thesecon&ar"ument&efinesthe&ela*beteenconsecuti)esteps
e1presse&inmicrosecon&sb*aB*teor!or&&atat*pe)ariableorconstant,Ifusin"STEPC!
statementresultsinrotormo)ementincountercloc7ise&irectionthenconnectionsettin"sforBan&
Dcoilsshoul&bee1chan"e&,-erearetoe1amples8thesecon&e1ampleuses&ela*ssuitablefor
simulationinthesimulator9:
E1ample;:
A''Digit$'
AD4031 = 0x0e
De+ine ."8/6A6R87 = /0R"B
De+ine ."8/6A6B-" = 7
De+ine ."8/6B6R87 = /0R"B
De+ine ."8/6B6B-" = ,
De+ine ."8/646R87 = /0R"B
De+ine ."8/646B-" = 5
De+ine ."8/6D6R87 = /0R"B
De+ine ."8/6D6B-" = <
De+ine ."8/6?0D8 = 1
W$it?s 1000
.te:o'd
W$it?s 1000
Dim $n0 As Word
'oo:@
Ad)in 0J $n0
$n0 = $n0 B ,0
$n0 = $n0 = 1000
.te:4W 1J $n0
7oto 'oo:
E1ample3:
A''Digit$'
De+ine ."8/6A6R87 = /0R"B
De+ine ."8/6A6B-" = 7
De+ine ."8/6B6R87 = /0R"B
De+ine ."8/6B6B-" = ,
De+ine ."8/646R87 = /0R"B
De+ine ."8/646B-" = 5
De+ine ."8/6D6R87 = /0R"B
De+ine ."8/6D6B-" = <
De+ine ."8/6?0D8 = 1
W$it2s ;00
.te:o'd
W$it2s 1000
'oo:@
.te:44W 1,J ;00
W$it2s 1000
.te:4W 1<J ;00
W$it2s 1000
7oto 'oo:
CInterfacin";@!IRE&e)ices
Priortousin";@!IRErelate&statements#usershoul&&efinethepinherethe&e)iceisconnecte&
23
tousin"DE.I$E&irecti)es,A)ailableparametersare;!IRE2REGan&;!IRE2BIT,.ore1ample:
De+ine 1W-R86R87 = /0R"B
De+ine 1W-R86B-" = 0
Initiali'ationse/uencecanbeperforme&b*;!IREI$ITstatement,Itcanha)eanoptional
ar"ument8Bit&atat*pe)ariable9thatillbesettoAifthepresenceofthe&e)icehasbeen&etecte&
an&setto;ifthereisno&e)iceontheline,
In&i)i&ualbits8timeslots9canbesenttoan&recei)e&fromthe&e)iceusin";!IRESE$DBITan&
;!IREGETBITstatements,Bothstatementscanha)emultiplear"uments@commaseparate&listof
Bit&atat*pe)ariables8orBitconstantsfor;!IRESE$DBITstatement9,
;!IRESE$DB6TEan&;!IREGETB6TEstatementscanbeuse&tosen&toan&recei)eb*tes
fromthe&e)ice,Bothstatementscanha)emultiplear"uments@commaseparate&listofB*te&ata
t*pe)ariables8orB*teconstantsfor;!IRESE$DB6TEstatement9,-ereisonee1amplefor
measurin"temperatureusin"DS;>S3A&e)ice:
Dim +inis# As Bit
Dim tem: As Byte
Dim sign As Byte
1(ire-nit
1(ire.endByte 0x))J 0x<<
W$it?s 1
'oo:@
1(ire7etBit +inis#
-+ +inis# = 0 "#en 7oto 'oo:
1(ire-nit
1(ire.endByte 0x))J 0x*e
1(ire7etByte tem:J sign
Thise1amplecanbe)er*shortb*usin"toDS;>S3Aspecifichi"hle)elbasicstatements,
DS;>S3ASTARTstatementillinitiateasin"letemperaturecon)ersion,Accor&in"tothe&e)ice
&atasheetthecon)ersionillbecomplete&inatmostGEAms,Afterthatperio&themeasure&)alue
canberea&b*DS;>S3AREADTstatementthatre/uirestoB*te&atat*pe)ariablesas
ar"uments,Thefirstar"umentillcontainthetemperature)alueinA,E&e"reescenti"ra&eunits8for
e1ample#the)alue;AArepresentsthetemperatureofEA&e"rees9,Thesecon&ar"umentill
containthe)alueA1AAifthetemperatureispositi)ean&A1..)alueifitisne"ati)e,.ore1ample:
Dim tem: As Byte
Dim sign As Byte
D.1N.10.t$rt
W$it?s 1000
D.1N.10Re$d" tem:J sign
CA&)ance&features
IfSTART.ROMBERO&irecti)eisuse&thecompilerillstartthepro"ramfrom'eroflashpro"ram
memor*location8reset)ector9an&usethea)ailablepro"rammemor*continuousl*,Interrupt
routineifuse&shoul&beimplemente&b*usin"inlineassemblerco&e,Thecompilerillalsolea)e
controlo)erPC+AT-re"istertotheusersupposin"thatallco&eisplace&inthesamepro"ram
memor*pa"e,Thisa&)ance&featurecanbeuse&hen&e)elopin"bootloa&erapplications#for
e1ample,
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