UNIVERSITI TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN
Answer Guideline for Chapter 3 Tutorial
Q1.
(i) Consider voltage source E1,
1510=6 ,
96=3. 6 ,
42
I T=
=1 .94 A
183 .6
U sing current divider,
9
9
I 1=
I T = 1 .94 =1 .17 A
96
15
15
15
I '=
I 1= 1 .17 =0 . 7A
1510
25
(ii) Consider voltage source E2,
9 || 18 = 6 ,
15 || 10 = 6 ,
24
IT =
= 2A
6 +6
Using current divider,
15
15
I ''=
IT =
(2) = 1.2A
15 +10
25
I10 = I ' + I ' ' = 0.7 +1.2 = 1.9A
Q2.
(i) Consider current source 2A,
2A
+ v01
2A
4
12
io 5
+ v01
5
Page 1 of 8
6||3 = 2 , 4||12 = 3
i0 = 5/5 = 1, v01 = 5 i01 = 5 V
(ii) Consider voltage source 12V,
6
12V
5
3
+ v02
5
+ v02
3
+
12
12V
v1
3||8 = 24/11, v1 = [(24/11)/(6 + 24/11)]12 = 16/5
v02 = (5/8) v1 = (5/8)(16/5) = 2 V
(iii) Consider current source 2A,
5
+ v03
6
12
19V
+ v03
12
+
v2
+
19V
7||12 = (84/19) , v2 = [(84/19)/(4 + 84/19)]19 = 9.975 V
v03 = (-5/7) v2 = -7.125 V
vo = v01 + v02 + v03 = 5 + 2 7.125 = -125 mV
Q3.
Using source transformations,
2
18 V
12 V
10 V
10
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2A
10
3A
5
2A
3A
3.333
3.333
Norton Equivalent Circuit
10 V
+
Thevenin Equivalent Circuit
Q4.
To find RTh,
2
6
b
(a)
18
2
18
1.8
18
2
1.8
1.8
RTh
b
b
(b)
(c)
R = 2||18 = 1.8 , RTh = (1.8 + 1.8) || 1.8 = 1.2
Page 3 of 8
To get VTh, apply mesh analysis,
2
6
12V
a
6
i3
12V
+
+
VTh
6
2
i1
i2
12V
(d)
Mesh1:
Mesh2:
Mesh3:
-12 12 + 14i1 6i2 6i3 = 0,
7 i1 3 i2 3i3 = 12
(1)
12 + 12 + 14 i2 6 i1 6 i3 = 0
-3 i1 + 7 i2 3 i3 = -12
(2)
14 i3 6 i1 6 i2 = 0
-3 i1 3 i2 + 7 i3 = 0
(3)
7 3 3 i1 12
3 7 3 i = 12
3 3 7 i 3 0
7
= 3
3
3
7
3
3
3 =100 ,
7
7 12
3
2 =3 12 3=120
3
0
7
i2 = /2 = -120/100 = -1.2 A
VTh = 12 + 2i2 = 9.6 V, and IN = VTh/RTh = 8 A
Page 4 of 8
Q5.
To find RTh,
3
RTh
4
V1
24V
2A
VTh
c
(a)
(b)
RTh = 5||(2 + 3 + 4) = 3.21
To get VTh, at the node V1,
V 124
V 0
2 1
=0
234
5
V Th=V 1=15 V
Q6.
To obtain RN,
6
6
Isc = IN
2A
4
1
(a)
+
12V
(b)
RN = 6 + 4 = 10
To obtain IN, use mesh analysis:
Mesh1:
i1 = 2 A
Mesh2:
10i2 4i1 + 12 = 0
IN = i2 = -0.4 A
i
IN = 0.4A
RN = 10
4A
(c)
i = [10/(10 + 5)] (4 0.4) = 2.4 A
Page 5 of 8
Q7.
12V
RTh
8V
20V
(a)
+
VTh
(b)
(a)
To obtain RTh and VTh
RTh = 2 + 4 + 6 = 12
i(12)-VTh + 12 + 8 + 20 = 0, or VTh = 40 V(because i = 0)
(b)
iL = VTh/(RTh + R) = 40/(12 + 8) = 2A
(c)
For maximum power transfer,
RL = RTh = 12
(d)
P = VTh2/(4RTh) = (40)2/(4x12) = 33.33 W.
(a)
For maximum power transfer,
To determine RTh,
RTh = 4 || 4 = 2 ohms
RL = RTh = 2 ohms
(b)
To determine VTh, through Superposition,
(i) Consider voltage source 24V,
Q8.
V Th '=24
RL = RTh
4
=12V
44
(ii) Consider current source 5A,
V Th ''=IR T =5 44=10V
V Th =V Th ' V Th ''=22 V
V 2Th
22 V 2
P=
=
=60 .5W
4R Th 4 2
Page 6 of 8
4 Q9.
32 V
(a)
1
RTh
a
3
VTh
RL
12 V
b
b
Source transformation: v = 8(4) = 32 V
Mesh: 8 i 32 12 = 0
i = 5.5 A
For VTh (Outer loop from b to a): VTh = 0 + 32 5(5.5) = 4.5 V or
(inner loop from b to a): VTh = 0 12 + 3(5.5) = 4.5 V
For RTh: RTh = (1+4) // 3 = 1.875
i L=
V Th
4. 5
=
=0 . 267 A
RTh R L 1. 87515
(b)
Turn off V source:
8A
4
ia
i L1
4
( 8) = 4.267 A
4 + [1 + ( 3 // 15) ]
3
( ia ) = 0.711 A
=
3 + 15
ia =
15
i L1
Turn off I source:
i L 2[(
12
= 1.778 A
3 + 1 + 4 ) // 15]
5
( ib ) = 0.444 A
=
5 + 15
ib =
15
12 V
iL2
i L=i L i L =0 . 267 A
1
(c)
ib
(i)
R L =RTh =1. 875
(ii)
2
V Th
P max =
=2 . 7 W
4RTh
RTh
VTh
RL
Page 7 of 8
Q10. (i)
For 10 V source:
2
V 01 =
10 =2 . 22 V
52 44
For 2 A source:
2
V 02 =
25 =2 . 22 V
52 44
For 5 V source:
2
5
V 03 =
=0. 55 V
2
52 44
V 0=V 01V 03 V 03 =3. 89 V
(ii)
For node V 1 :
V 1 10
V 1V 2
2
=0
5
2
7V15V 2=40
For node V 2 :
V 2V 1 V 2 0 V 2 5
=0
2
4
4
2V1 4V 2 =5
Using Cramers rule:
185
V 1=
=10 . 28
18
115
V 2 =
=6 . 39
18
V 0 =V 1 V 2 =3. 89 V
Page 8 of 8
