Batak script

Batak script
Surat Batak
Type

Abugida

Languages

Batak languages

Time period

c. 1300present

Parent systems Origins of Brahmi script unclear. On Aramaic origin hypothesis: Proto-Sinaitic alphabet
Phoenician alphabet

Aramaic alphabet

Brhm
Detailed descent of Batak script from Brahmi unclear. Hypotheses of Kawi origin or direct descent through Pallava:

Pallava

Old Kawi

Surat Batak

Sister systems

Direct family relationships unclear. Sister scripts on hypothesis of common Kawi origin: Balinese
Baybayin
Kulitan
Buhid
Hanun'o
Javanese
Lontara
Old Sundanese
Rencong
Rejang
Tagbanwa

ISO 15924

Batk, 365

Direction

Left-to-right

Unicode alias

Batak

Unicode range U+1BC0U+1BFF [1]

The Batak script, natively known as surat Batak, surat na sampulu sia (the nineteen letters), or si-sia-sia, is an
abugida used to write the Austronesian Batak languages spoken by several million people on the Indonesian island of
Sumatra. The script may derived from the Kawi and Pallava script, ultimately derived from the Brahmi script of
India, or from the hypothetical Proto-Sumatran script influenced by Pallava.

History
In most Batak communities, only the priests, or datu were able to use the Batak script, and used it mainly for magical
texts and calendars. After the arrival of Europeans in the Batak lands, first German missionaries and, from 1878
onwards, the Dutch, the Batak script was, alongside the Roman script, taught in the schools, and teaching and
religious materials were printed in the Batak script. Soon after the first World War the missionaries decided to
discontinue printing books in the Batak script.Wikipedia:Citation needed The script soon fell out of use and is now
only used for ornamental purposes.

Batak script

Origin
The Batak script was probably derived from Pallava and Old Kawi alphabets, which ultimately were derived from
the Brahmi alphabet, the root of almost all the Indic and Southeast Asian abugidas.

Structure
Batak is written from up to down within one line, and left to right for lines. Like most abugidas, each consonant has
an inherent vowel of /a/, unless there is a diacritic (in Toba Batak called pangolat) to indicate the lack of a vowel.
Other vowels, final , and final velar fricative [x] are indicated by diacritics, which appear above, below, or after the
letter. For example, ba is written ba (one letter); bi is written ba.i (i follows the consonant); bang is written ba ( is
above the consonant); and bing is ba.i. Final consonants are written with the pangolat (here represented by "#"):
bam is ba.ma.#. However, bim is written ba.ma.i.#: the first diacritic belongs to the first consonant, and the second
belongs to the second consonant, but both are written at the end of the entire syllable. Unlike most Brahmi-based
scripts, Batak does not form consonant conjuncts.

Letters
Letters are called sia. Each consonant has an inherent vowel of /a/. The script varies by region and language. The
major variants are between Karo, Mandailing, Pakpak/Dairi, Simalungun/Timur, and Toba:
Sia (Letters)
IPA

a ha ka ba pa na wa ga da da ra ma ta

Transcription a ha ka ba pa na wa ga
Karo

ja

sa ja a la a

da ra ma ta

ta nda mba i

sa ja nga la nya ca nda mba i

Mandailing

Pakpak
Toba

Simalungun

Alternate forms:
^1

(used in Mandailing) ^2

^3

^4

^5

^6

Diacritics
Diacritics are used to change the pronunciation of a letter. They can change the vowel from the inherent /a/, mark a
final [velar nasal] //, mark a final velar fricative /x/, or indicate a final consonant with no vowel:

Batak script

Latin
Trans.

Batak Diacritics
Karo Mand. Pakp. Sima. Toba

-a

Latin
Trans.

Batak Diacritics with /ka/

Karo Mand. Pakp. Sima. Toba

ka
-e

ke

-i

ki

-o

ko

-ou

kou

-u

ku

-ng

kang

-h

kah

Ligatures with U
The diacritic for U used by Mandailing, Pakpak, Simalungun, and Toba can form ligatures with its base letter:
Batak Script

Description

a + -u = u

a + -u = u (Simalungun)

ha + -u = hu (Mandailing)

ha + -u = hu (Simalungun)

ha + -u = hu

ka + -u = ku (Mandailing)

ba + -u = bu

pa + -u = pu (Mandailing)

pa + -u = pu (Pakpak, Toba)

pa + -u = pu (Simalungun)

na + -u = nu

na + -u = nu (Mandailing)

Batak script

4
+

wa + -u = wu (Mandailing, Toba)

wa + -u = wu (Pakpak, Toba)

wa + -u = wu (Simalungun)

ga + -u = gu

ga + -u = gu (Simalungun)

ja + -u = ju

Batak Script

Description

da + -u = du

ra + -u = ru

ra + -u = ru (Simalungun)

ma + -u = mu

ma + -u = mu (Simalungun)

ta + -u = tu

ta + -u = tu

sa + -u = su (Pakpak)

sa + -u = su (Mandailing)

sa + -u = su (Mandailing)

sa + -u = su (Simalungun)

ya + -u = yu

ya + -u = yu (Simalungun)

nga + -u = ngu

la + -u = lu

la + -u = lu (Simalungun)

nya + -u = nyu

ca + -u = cu (Mandailing)

Batak script

Tompi
In Mandailing, the diacritic tompi can be used to change the sound of some letters:
ha

+ tompi =

ka

sa

+ tompi =

ca

Placement of diacritics for Ng and H

The diacritics for Ng (
base letter.
Examples:
ping,

) and H (
pong,

) are usually written above spacing vowel diacritics instead of above the
peh, and

pih.

Diacritic reordering for closed syllables

Vowel diacritics are reordered for closed syllables (that is, syllables where the final consonant has no vowel).
Consonants with no vowel are marked by the Batak pangolat or panongonan diacritic, depending on the language.
When they are used for a closed syllable (like "tip"), both the vowel diacritic and the pangolat/panongonan are
written at the end of the syllable.
Examples of closed syllables using pangolat:
ta

+ vowel +

pa

+
ta

+
+

ta

+
+

ta

pa

pa

pa

pangolat

pangolat

tep

tep

=
pangolat

tip

=
pangolat

+
pa

tap

+
pa

=
=

+
u

pangolat

+
ta

syllable

+
ta

pa

+
ta

+
e

+ pangolat =

top

=
pangolat

tup

Batak script

Punctuation and Ornaments

Batak is normally written without spaces or punctuation (as scriptio continua). However special marks or bindu are
occasionally used. They vary greatly in size and design from manuscript to manuscript.
Examples

Name

Function

Bindu na metek (small bindu)

Begins paragraphs and stanzas

Bindu panarboras (rice-shaped bindu) Variant of bindu na metek, serves same function

Bindu judul (title bindu)

Separates a title from the body of the text

Bindu pangolat

Trailing punctuation

Unicode
Batak script was added to the Unicode Standard in October 2010 with the release of version 6.0.

Block
Main article: Batak (Unicode block)
The Unicode block for Batak is U+1BC0 ... U+1BFF. Grey areas in the chart below indicate non-assigned code
points:
Batak[1]
Unicode.org chart [1] (PDF)

U+1BCx
U+1BDx
U+1BEx
U+1BFx

Notes
1.^ As of Unicode version 6.3

Batak script

Rendering
Unicode fonts for Batak must handle several requirements to properly render text:
Rendering Requirements

Examples
Latin Trans.

Correct placement of one or more diacritics

ke
ke (Mand.)
ping
reng

Ligatures with U

hu (Mand.)
hu (Sima.)
gu
lu

Diacritic reordering for closed syllables

tip

Image

Unicode Text

Gallery

Batak book about the art of divination from a

rooster (Robert C. Williams Paper Museum in
Atlanta, Georgia, USA)

Batak script carved into a bamboo

tube with wooden stopper
(Museum of the Tropics in
Amsterdam, Netherlands)

Bamboo inscribed
with Simalungun
Batak script (National
Museum of Ethnology
in Leiden,
Netherlands)

Batak script

Batak palm leaf book (Museum of the Tropics

in Amsterdam, Netherlands)

Book of formulas, recipes, and

rules applied by Batak priests
(Museum of the Tropics in
Amsterdam, Netherlands)

Magic book used by priests of the Toba Batak

tribe (National Museum of Ethnology in
Leiden, Netherlands)

Resources
[1] http:/ / www. unicode. org/ charts/ PDF/ U1BC0. pdf

Sources
Kozok (http://www.ulikozok.com), Uli (January 2009). Surat Batak: Sejarah Perkembangan Tulisan Batak :
Berikut Pedoman Menulis Aksara Batak Dan Cap Si Singamangaraja XII (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Gramedia.
ISBN979-9101-53-0.
Everson, Michael; Kozok (http://www.ulikozok.com), Uli (7 October 2008), N3320R: Proposal for encoding
the Batak script in the UCS (http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n3320.pdf)
Kozok (http://www.ulikozok.com), Uli. [[Category:All articles with dead external links (http://www.hawaii.
edu/indolang/surat/kursus.html)]Wikipedia:Link rot "Kursus Kilat Aksara Batak (Quick Course in Batak
Script)"] (in Indonesian). Retrieved 20 April 2011.

External links
Entry on Batak (http://www.omniglot.com/writing/batak.htm) at Omniglot.com A guide to writing systems
(http://www.omniglot.com/writing/)
Transtoba2 (http://transtoba2.seige.net) Roman to Toba Batak script transliteration software by Uli Kozok
and Leander Seige (GNU GPL)
Uli Kozok's Batak Script website (http://ulikozok.com/aksara-batak/batak-font/) with free Batak fonts.
http://unicode-table.com/en/sections/batak/

Article Sources and Contributors

Article Sources and Contributors

Batak script Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=608902378 Contributors: 23prootie, Aladdin Ali Baba, All Worlds, Alteaven, Amire80, Angela, Angr, Bazonka, Bendono,
Bennylin, Buhay Tao, Caniago, Dana boomer, DerBorg, Drmccreedy, Elagatis, Emmanuel Vallois, ErkinBatu, Evertype, Gerbrant, GoingBatty, Gongshow, Hzb pangus, Indexheavy, Joost,
Kiwehtin, Koavf, Koryakov Yuri, Kwamikagami, LakanBanwa, M. Adiputra, Mahali syarifuddin, Merbabu, Merovingian, Meursault2004, Nohat, Paaskynen, Rigadoun, Saniangnaga,
Sardanaphalus, SatuSuro, TenPoundHammer, Tim1357, Vanisaac, Xezbeth, 8 anonymous edits

Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors

File:Surat Batak.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Surat_Batak.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: M. Adiputra
File:Batak A-1, Ha.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_A-1,_Ha.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: M. Adiputra
File:Batak Ha-1, Ka-1.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Ha-1,_Ka-1.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: M. Adiputra
File:Batak Ba-2.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Ba-2.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: M. Adiputra
File:Batak Pa-1.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Pa-1.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: M. Adiputra
File:Batak Na.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Na.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: M. Adiputra
File:Batak Wa-1.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Wa-1.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: M. Adiputra
File:Batak Ga-1.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Ga-1.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: M. Adiputra
File:Batak Ja.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Ja.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: M. Adiputra
File:Batak Da.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Da.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: M. Adiputra
File:Batak Ra-1.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Ra-1.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: M. Adiputra
File:Batak Ma-1.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Ma-1.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: M. Adiputra
File:Batak Ta-1.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Ta-1.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: M. Adiputra
File:Batak Sa-1, Ca-1.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Sa-1,_Ca-1.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: M. Adiputra
File:Batak Ya-1.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Ya-1.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: M. Adiputra
File:Batak Nga.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Nga.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: M. Adiputra
File:Batak La-1.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_La-1.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: M. Adiputra
File:Batak Ca-3.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Ca-3.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: M. Adiputra
File:Batak I.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_I.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: M. Adiputra
File:Batak U.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_U.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: M. Adiputra
File:Batak Ha-3.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Ha-3.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: M. Adiputra
File:Batak Ka-3.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Ka-3.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: M. Adiputra
File:Batak Ba-1.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Ba-1.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: M. Adiputra
File:Batak Ta-2.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Ta-2.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: M. Adiputra
File:Batak Sa-3.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Sa-3.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: M. Adiputra
File:Batak Ca-2, Nya.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Ca-2,_Nya.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: M. Adiputra
File:Batak Ca-4.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Ca-4.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: M. Adiputra
File:Batak Wa-3.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Wa-3.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: M. Adiputra
File:Batak A-2.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_A-2.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: M. Adiputra
File:Batak Ha-2, Ka-2.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Ha-2,_Ka-2.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: M. Adiputra
File:Batak Pa-2.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Pa-2.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: M. Adiputra
File:Batak Wa-2.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Wa-2.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: M. Adiputra
File:Batak Ga-2.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Ga-2.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: M. Adiputra
File:Batak Ra-2.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Ra-2.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: M. Adiputra
File:Batak Ma-2.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Ma-2.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: M. Adiputra
File:Batak Sa-2.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Sa-2.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: M. Adiputra
File:Batak Ya-2.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Ya-2.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: M. Adiputra
File:Batak La-2.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_La-2.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: M. Adiputra
File:Batak Nda.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Nda.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: M. Adiputra
File:Batak Mba-1.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Mba-1.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike Contributors: Drmccreedy
File:Batak Na-2.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Na-2.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike Contributors: Drmccreedy
File:Batak sign E-1.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_sign_E-1.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Drmccreedy
File:Batak sign E-2.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_sign_E-2.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Drmccreedy
File:Batak sign E-3, O-2.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_sign_E-3,_O-2.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors:
Drmccreedy
File:Batak Ke-3.png Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Ke-3.png License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: M. Adiputra
File:Batak Ke-1.png Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Ke-1.png License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: M. Adiputra
File:Batak Ke (Mandailing).png Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Ke_(Mandailing).png License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: M.
Adiputra
File:Batak Ke-2, Ko-2.png Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Ke-2,_Ko-2.png License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: M. Adiputra
File:Batak Ke (Simalungun).png Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Ke_(Simalungun).png License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: M.
Adiputra
File:Batak sign I-1.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_sign_I-1.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Drmccreedy
File:Batak sign I-2.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_sign_I-2.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Drmccreedy
File:Batak Ki-1.png Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Ki-1.png License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: M. Adiputra
File:Batak Ki-2.png Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Ki-2.png License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: M. Adiputra
File:Batak Ki (Mandailing).png Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Ki_(Mandailing).png License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: M.
Adiputra
File:Batak Ki (Simalungun).png Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Ki_(Simalungun).png License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: M.
Adiputra
File:Batak sign O-3.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_sign_O-3.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Drmccreedy

Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors

File:Batak sign O-1.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_sign_O-1.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Drmccreedy
File:Batak Ko-3.png Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Ko-3.png License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: M. Adiputra
File:Batak Ko (Mandailing).png Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Ko_(Mandailing).png License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: M.
Adiputra
File:Batak Ko-1, Ku-1.png Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Ko-1,_Ku-1.png License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: M. Adiputra
File:Batak Ko (Simalungun).png Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Ko_(Simalungun).png License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: M.
Adiputra
File:Batak sign Ou.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_sign_Ou.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Drmccreedy
File:Batak Kou (Simalungun).png Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Kou_(Simalungun).png License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors:
M. Adiputra
File:Batak sign U.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_sign_U.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Drmccreedy
File:Batak Ku (Mandailing).png Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Ku_(Mandailing).png License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: M.
Adiputra
File:Batak Ku-2.png Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Ku-2.png License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: M. Adiputra
File:Batak Ku (Simalungun).png Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Ku_(Simalungun).png License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: M.
Adiputra
File:Batak sign Ng.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_sign_Ng.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Drmccreedy
File:Batak Kang.png Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Kang.png License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: M. Adiputra
File:Batak Kang (Mandailing).png Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Kang_(Mandailing).png License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0
Contributors: M. Adiputra
File:Batak Kang (Simalungun).png Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Kang_(Simalungun).png License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0
Contributors: M. Adiputra
File:Batak sign H.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_sign_H.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Drmccreedy
File:Batak Kah.png Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Kah.png License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: M. Adiputra
File:Batak Kah (Simalungun).png Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Kah_(Simalungun).png License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors:
M. Adiputra
File:Batak sign mute-2.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_sign_mute-2.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Drmccreedy
File:Batak sign mute-1.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_sign_mute-1.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Drmccreedy
File:Batak K-1 (Karo).svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_K-1_(Karo).svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Drmccreedy
File:Batak K-4 (Mandailing).svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_K-4_(Mandailing).svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors:
Drmccreedy
File:Batak K-3 (Toba, Pakpak).svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_K-3_(Toba,_Pakpak).svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0
Contributors: Drmccreedy
File:Batak K-2 (Simalungun).svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_K-2_(Simalungun).svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors:
Drmccreedy
File:Batak U-2.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_U-2.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Drmccreedy
File:Batak U-3.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_U-3.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Drmccreedy
File:Batak Hu-3.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Hu-3.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Drmccreedy
File:Batak Bu-1.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Bu-1.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Drmccreedy
File:Batak Pu-1.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Pu-1.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Drmccreedy
File:Batak Pu-3.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Pu-3.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Drmccreedy
File:Batak Pu-2.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Pu-2.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Drmccreedy
File:Batak Nu-1.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Nu-1.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Drmccreedy
File:Batak Nu-2.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Nu-2.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Drmccreedy
File:Batak Wu-1.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Wu-1.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Drmccreedy
File:Batak Wu-3.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Wu-3.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Drmccreedy
File:Batak Wu-2.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Wu-2.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Drmccreedy
File:Batak Gu-1.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Gu-1.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Drmccreedy
File:Batak Gu-2.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Gu-2.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Drmccreedy
File:Batak Ju-1.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Ju-1.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Drmccreedy
File:Batak Du-1.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Du-1.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Drmccreedy
File:Batak Ru-1.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Ru-1.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Drmccreedy
File:Batak Ru-2.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Ru-2.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Drmccreedy
File:Batak Mu-1.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Mu-1.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Drmccreedy
File:Batak Mu-2.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Mu-2.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Drmccreedy
File:Batak Tu-1.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Tu-1.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Drmccreedy
File:Batak Tu-2.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Tu-2.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Drmccreedy
File:Batak Su-1.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Su-1.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Drmccreedy
File:Batak Su-4.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Su-4.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Drmccreedy
File:Batak sign U for Simalungun Su.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_sign_U_for_Simalungun_Su.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike
3.0 Contributors: Drmccreedy
File:Batak Su-3.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Su-3.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Drmccreedy
File:Batak Yu-1.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Yu-1.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Drmccreedy
File:Batak Yu-2.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Yu-2.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Drmccreedy
File:Batak Ngu-1.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Ngu-1.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Drmccreedy
File:Batak Lu-1.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Lu-1.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Drmccreedy
File:Batak Lu-2.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Lu-2.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Drmccreedy
File:Batak Nyu-1.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Nyu-1.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Drmccreedy
File:Batak Cu-4.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Cu-4.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Drmccreedy
File:Batak sign tompi.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_sign_tompi.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Drmccreedy
File:Batak Ka-1.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Ka-1.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Drmccreedy
File:Batak Ca-1.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Ca-1.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Drmccreedy
File:Batak Ka-2.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Ka-2.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Drmccreedy
File:Batak Ca-2.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_Ca-2.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Drmccreedy

10

Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors

11

File:Batak syllable ping.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_syllable_ping.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Drmccreedy
File:Batak syllable pong.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_syllable_pong.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors:
Drmccreedy
File:Batak syllable peh.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_syllable_peh.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Drmccreedy
File:Batak syllable pih.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_syllable_pih.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Drmccreedy
File:Batak syllable tap.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_syllable_tap.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Drmccreedy
File:Batak syllable tep-2.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_syllable_tep-2.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors:
Drmccreedy
File:Batak syllable tep-1.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_syllable_tep-1.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors:
Drmccreedy
File:Batak syllable tip.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_syllable_tip.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Drmccreedy
File:Batak syllable top.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_syllable_top.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Drmccreedy
File:Batak syllable tup.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_syllable_tup.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Drmccreedy
File:Batak bindu na metek-1.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_bindu_na_metek-1.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors:
Drmccreedy
File:Batak bindu na metek-2.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_bindu_na_metek-2.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors:
Drmccreedy
File:Batak bindu pinarboras.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_bindu_pinarboras.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors:
Drmccreedy
File:Batak bindu judul.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_bindu_judul.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Drmccreedy
File:Batak bindu pangolat.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_bindu_pangolat.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors:
Drmccreedy
File:Batak syllable reng.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Batak_syllable_reng.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Drmccreedy
File:Paper_Museum_in_Atlanta_010.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Paper_Museum_in_Atlanta_010.JPG License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0
Contributors: User:Piotrus
File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Bamboe_tabaks-_en_wichelkoker_met_Bataks_schrift_TMnr_512-4.jpg Source:
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Bamboe_tabaks-_en_wichelkoker_met_Bataks_schrift_TMnr_512-4.jpg License: unknown Contributors:
Alteaven
File:Bamboo with Batak script.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Bamboo_with_Batak_script.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0
Contributors: Martijn
File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wichelboekje_van_palmblad_TMnr_5991-6.jpg Source:
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wichelboekje_van_palmblad_TMnr_5991-6.jpg License: unknown Contributors: Alteaven
File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wichelboek_met_formules_recepten_en_voorschriften_die_worden_toegepast_door_de_priester-genezer_TMnr_1581-1.jpg Source:
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wichelboek_met_formules_recepten_en_voorschriften_die_worden_toegepast_door_de_priester-genezer_TMnr_1581-1.jpg
License: unknown Contributors: Alteaven
File:Book_of_Wizards_Batak_Indonesia.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Book_of_Wizards_Batak_Indonesia.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Tribe
Toba Batak, Sumatra, Indonesia

License
Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
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