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Chapter 8 Transformers and Mutual Inductance

8.1 Ideal TransIormers
- TransIormers consist oI magnetically coupled coils the respond only
when driven by time-varying excitations.
- Ideal transIormers vs. real transIormers.
Figure 8.1.
- N

: primary winding, N

: secondary winding.
- ReIerence direction: both currents into the upper terminals.
- Dot convention: polarity is the same at both windings.
- Coils have zero resistance and are short circuits at dc steady state.
- Time varying excitation activates magnetic coupling and induces
voltage at the other winding.
- Turns ratio:

.
-

= ,

= .
- With 1 = N , a transIormer becomes an isolation transIormer that
decouples the dc potential levels without aIIecting the time-varying
quantities.
- An ideal transIormer does not dissipate power (

= + = ).
- Controlled source models (VCVS and CCCS)
Figure 8.2.
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- TransIormers with three or more windings:
Figure 8.3.
Example 8.1: Analysis oI a TransIormer Circuit
Figure 8.4.
- ReIerred networks:
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Figure 8.6.
- ReIerred load network and reIerred source network.
- ReIerred load network: R and L divided by N

and C multiplied by N

.
Figure 8.7.
- ReIerred source network: voltage multiplied by N, impedance
multiplied by N

and current divided by N.

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Example 8.2 Power Transmission with TransIormers
Figure 8.8.
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Example 8.3 TransIormer-Coupled Oscillator
Figure 8.9.
- Impedance matching (reIer to Figure 8.6b).
Example 8.4 Impedance Matching with a TransIormer
Figure 8.10.
101
8.2 Magnetic Coupling and Mutual Inductance
- Magnetic circuits: N turns, magnetic Ilux and current i (with right-
hand rule).
Figure 8.11.
Magnetomotive Iorce (mmI): FNi
- Reluctance: Rl/

A.
FR.
Figure 8.12.
Figure 8.13.
- SelI-inductance and mutual inductance.
102
Figure 8.14.
- Currents entering the dotted ends oI both windings produce Ilux in the
same direction.
- Leakage Ilux, selI-inductance, mutual inductance and coupling
coeIIicient.
Figure 8.15.
Example 8.5: Series Equivalent Inductance
103
Figure 8.16.
- Stored energy:
Figure 8.18.
- Unity coupling:
8.3 Circuits with Mutual Inductance
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- Mutual inductance represented by controlled sources:
Figure 8.19.
- Frequency domain model oI selI- and mutual inductances:
Figure 8.20.
105
Figure 8.21.
Example 8.6: Comparison oI a real and ideal transIormer
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- Equivalent tee (T) networks:
Figure 8.23.
- Equivalent pi () networks:
Figure 8.24.
Example 8.7: TransIormer circuit analysis with a tee network
Figure 8.25.
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Example 8.8: Step-Up AutotransIormer
Figure 8.26.
- Equivalent networks with an ideal transIormer to represent mutual
inductance.
Figure 8.27.
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Example 8.9: Design oI a Tuned AmpliIier
Figure 8.28.