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Reference Model

The document describes the three lowest layers of the OSI reference model: the physical layer, data link layer, and network layer. The physical layer deals with transmitting raw bits over a communication channel and defining aspects like voltage levels and timing. The data link layer handles moving data across the physical link and contains the MAC and LLC sublayers; it sets up connections, frames data, and uses acknowledgements. The network layer also handles moving data across links and setting up and ensuring connections.

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Harsha Naidu
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39 views

Reference Model

The document describes the three lowest layers of the OSI reference model: the physical layer, data link layer, and network layer. The physical layer deals with transmitting raw bits over a communication channel and defining aspects like voltage levels and timing. The data link layer handles moving data across the physical link and contains the MAC and LLC sublayers; it sets up connections, frames data, and uses acknowledgements. The network layer also handles moving data across links and setting up and ensuring connections.

Uploaded by

Harsha Naidu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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OSI Reference Model

1. Physical Layer
Transmit raw bits over a communication channel.
Make sure
when one side sends 1 bit, the other side should also
receive 1 bit. But not 0
Questions here are:
1. How many volts should be used to represent 1 and
How many volts should be used to represent 0.
2. How many nanoseconds a bit lasts.
3. Weather transmission proceeds in both directions.
4. How the initial connection is established and
How it is torn down when both sides are finished.
5. How many pins the network connector has and
2. Data link layer
The Data-Link layer is the protocol layer in a program that
handles the moving of data in and out across a physical link
in a network.
The Data-Link layer contains two sublayers that are
described in the IEEE-802 LAN standards:
1. Media Access Control (MAC)
2. Logical Link Control (LLC)
The Data-Link layer ensures that
1. an initial connection has been set up,
2. divides output data into data frames and
3. If the data frame is received the receiver will send
back the acknowledgement frame.

3. Network Layer
The Data-Link layer is the protocol layer in a program that
handles the moving of data in and out across a physical link
in a network.
The Data-Link layer contains two sublayers that are
described in the IEEE-802 LAN standards:
1. Media Access Control (MAC)
2. Logical Link Control (LLC)
The Data-Link layer ensures that
1. an initial connection has been set up,
2. divides output data into data frames and
3. If the data frame is received the receiver will send
back the acknowledgement frame.

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