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Bio Sensors

Biosensors consist of a bioreceptor and transducer. The bioreceptor (e.g. enzyme, antibody) recognizes the target analyte, while the transducer converts this recognition into a measurable signal. Biosensors offer specificity, speed, simplicity and continuous monitoring capability. Applications include health care (e.g. glucose monitoring), industrial process control, military, and environmental monitoring. Common bioreceptors are enzymes, antibodies, and receptor proteins. Transducers include piezoelectric, conductimetric, capacitive, thermal and FET devices. Future areas of development include data processing, micro-instrumentation, and molecular electronics.

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Er. Amar Kumar
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214 views

Bio Sensors

Biosensors consist of a bioreceptor and transducer. The bioreceptor (e.g. enzyme, antibody) recognizes the target analyte, while the transducer converts this recognition into a measurable signal. Biosensors offer specificity, speed, simplicity and continuous monitoring capability. Applications include health care (e.g. glucose monitoring), industrial process control, military, and environmental monitoring. Common bioreceptors are enzymes, antibodies, and receptor proteins. Transducers include piezoelectric, conductimetric, capacitive, thermal and FET devices. Future areas of development include data processing, micro-instrumentation, and molecular electronics.

Uploaded by

Er. Amar Kumar
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BIOSENSORS

INTRODUCTION
• What Is a Biosensor?
• Biosensor = bioreceptor + transducer.
• The bioreceptor is a biomolecule that recognizes
the target analyte whereas the transducer
converts the recognition event into a measurable
signal.
• Enzyme is a Bioreceptor
• Requirements for Sensors
Need for Biosensor
• Diagnostic Market
The current climate of prevention the need for detection
at increasingly lower limits is increasing in many diverse
areas
• Clinical Testing
clinical testing is one of the biggest diagnostic markets
clinical testing products market in excess of 4000 million US$
in the 1990s
• Other Markets
The medical arena (Technical Insights Inc.) with
veterinary and agricultural applications
• Specificity
With biosensors, it is possible to measure specific
analytes with great accuracy.
• Speed
analyte tracers or catalytic products can be directly
and instantaneously measured
• Simplicity
receptor and transducer are integrated into one
single sensor& the measurement of target analytes without
using reagents is possible
• Continuous monitoring capability
Biosensors regenerate and reuse the immobilized
biological recognition element
Applications of Biosensor
• Health Care
– Measurement of Metabolites
– Market Potential
– Diabetes
– Insulin Therapy
– Artificial Pancreas
• Industrial Process Control
– Bioreactor Control
• Military Application
• Environmental Monitoring
– Air and Water Monitoring
Bioreceptor Molecules
• Enzymes
Enzymes act as catalysts for biochemical reactions
occurring in the cell
• Antibody
Antibodies constitute about 20% of the total plasma
protein and are collectively called immunoglobulin
• Receptor Protein
Receptor proteins having specific affinity for
hormones, antibodies, enzymes
• Other Possibilities
Transducers
• Conventional Transducers
• Piezoelectric Transducers
• Coniductimetry
• Capacitance Measurement
• Thermometry
• Enzyme Thermistor
• FET as a Transducer
Growth of Biosensor
• Biosensor Configurations
• Discriminative Membrane
• Sensitivity Requirements
• Immunoassay
• DNA Probe
• Evolution of Biosensors
Receptors
• Receptors at Membrane
Biological receptors are protein molecules most of them are
bound to the cell membrane
• Hormone Receptors
Many hormones released into the blood do not penetrate the
cell membrane but react with specific receptors at the cell
surface
• Smell Receptor
taste and olfactory receptors are typical examples of this
biospecific recognition process
• Light Receptor
Types of biosensor
• Glucose Biosensor

• Amperometric Biosensor
Glucose biosensor using glucose oxidase is used as an example

• Potentiometer Biosensor
Examples of Potentiometric Biosensor
Penicillin biosensor
Glucose biosensor
Urea biosensor
Design Variables
• Immobilization Methods
(1) adsorption
(2) entrapment
(3) covalent coupling
(4) cross-linking
• Change in Conformation
• Change in Microenvironment
• Non-Uniform Distribution
• Reaction and Diffusion
Future Prospects
• Data Processing and Pattern
Recognition
• Micro Instrument
• Molecular Electronics
• Multi-Disciplinary Nature
CONCLUSION
Biosensors consist of bio-recognition systems, typically
enzymes or binding proteins, such as antibodies,
immobilized onto the surface of physico-chemical
transducers
Disadvantages
• They cannot be steam sterilized
• They react with the product
• And are oversensitive

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