٢٠٠٧ ،٨ ‫ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬،٢٥ ‫ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ‬،‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻼل‬
(‫ ﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ‬CK 35 ) ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ‬

*‫ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﺃﻤﻴﻥ ﺩﻭﺍﻱ ﺜﺎﻤﺭ‬

٢٠٠٧/٢/٤ :‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﻡ‬
٢٠٠٧/٧/٥ :‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻭل‬

‫ﺍﻟﺨﻼﺼﺔ‬
‫ﻫﺩﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻫﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺎﺜﻴﺭ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜـﻼل‬
Mean ) ‫ ﺍﺠﺭﻴﺕ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺩﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﺒﺎﻻﺤﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﺒﻤﺘﻭﺴـﻁ ﺍﺠﻬـﺎﺩ‬CK35 ‫ﻟﻔﻭﻻﺫ‬
‫ ﻋﻨـﺩ ﺩﺭﺠـﺔ‬CK35 ‫ ﺘﻤﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺴﺨﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻔـﻭﻻﺫ‬.‫ ( ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﺼﻔﺭ‬Stress
º
‫( ﻡ‬٦٠٠،٤٠٠،٢٠٠) ‫ ﻭﺘﻘﺴﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﺜﻡ ﺍﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴـﺔ‬º‫( ﻡ‬٨٤٠) ‫ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ ﺴﺎﻫﻤﺕ ﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﺘﺤﺴـﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺨـﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻴـﺔ‬.‫ﻭﺘﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺒﺎﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ‬
‫ﻭﺘﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﻭﺍﻋﺘﻤﺩ ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺤﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﻗﺒل ﻭﺒﻌـﺩ‬
‫ ﺒﺭﻻﻴﺕ ( ﻗﺒل ﺍﻟﻤﻌـﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴـﺔ‬, ‫ ﺍﺫ ﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭﻱ ﻤﻥ ) ﻓﺭﺍﻴﺕ‬, ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻰ ﻤﺎﺭﺘﻨﺯﺍﻴﺕ ﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻜﺎﻥ ) ﺘﺭﻭﺴﺘﺎﻴﺕ ﺍﻭ ﺴﻭﺭﺒﺎﻴﺕ ( ﺤﻴﺙ ﺴﺎﻫﻤﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺍﺠﺯ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻭﻗﻑ ﻨﻤﻭ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻭﻕ ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺘﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺤـﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﻠـل ﻭﺍﻟﺨـﻭﺍﺹ‬
‫( ﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﻜﺴﺭ ﺼﻭﺭ ﺘﺘﺒﻊ‬SEM) ‫ ﻟﻘﺩ ﺍﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﺼﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺴﺢ‬.‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺨﺭﻯ‬
.‫ﻨﻤﻭ ﺸﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﻭﺍﻥ ﺸﻕ ﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﻴﻨﺸﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻁﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻠﺩﺓ ﻭﻴﻨﻤﻭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﺩﻨﺔ ﺒﺸﻜل ﺍﻗل‬

‫ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬,‫ ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬,‫ ﺍﻟﻜﻼل‬:‫ﻤﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻤﺎﺕ‬

A Study on The Effect Heat Treatment Tempretature On Mechanical Properties

And Fatigue For Steel CK35

Abstract
The aim of the research is to study the influence of heat treatment temperature on
mechanical properties and limit fatigue of steel CK35. Tensile, impact and fatigue
rotating bending tests with the mean stress estimated to zero. All the tests of heat
treatment were conducted which include heating the steel to 840 ºC and then quenching
by water and after that tempering at temperature of (200, 400, 600) ºC and then cooling in
air, show that the temperatures of heat treatment improve the mechanical properties and
fatigue limit before and after heat treatment. The change in microstructure of steel before
heat treatment (ferrite and pearlite) and after quenching martensite and martempering
(Trostite or Sorbite) microstructures. Shown that structural barriers that may help in
depriving the growth of the crack. The mechanical properties and fatigue limit were
improved. The electronic microscope slides-scanner (SEM) of the fractured surface
showed the fatigue cracks growth which may be formed under the hard phases and then
reduction in growth in the plasticity region.

‫ ﻗﺴﻡ ﻫﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻥ‬/ ‫*ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻠﻭﺠﻴﺔ‬

٢٦٥
 ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳﺔ واﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ‪ ،‬اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ ‪ ،٢٥‬اﻟﻌﺪد ‪٢٠٠٧ ،٨‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﻟﻠﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫) ‪ CK 35‬ﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ(‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻴﺭﺓ ﺘﻨﻤﻭ ﺍﺴﺭﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﻁﻭﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬

‫ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺤﺠﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺩﻨﺔ ﺍﺼﻐﺭ ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﺠﺯﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺤﺠﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﺸل ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﻼﺠﻬﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻻﺴﺒﺎﺏ‬
‫‪(2000) K. A.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ )‬ ‫ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻭ ﻤﻴﺘﺎﻟﻭﺭﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻤﺜل ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﻓﺸل‬
‫‪ (٥)(Padmanabhan‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺒﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺎﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺯ ﺍﻻﻜﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻓﺸل ﺍﻻﺠﺯﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﻟﻔﻭﻻﺫ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻌﺭﻀﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﺠﻬﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺩﻭﺭﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴﺒﺎﺌﻜﻲ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﻭﺘﻭﺼل ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ ﺨﻁﻭﺭﺓ ﻓﺸل ﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﺘﻜﻤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺼﻭﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﻭﺍﻁﺊ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﻴﺴﺎﻭﻱ )‪(135 %‬‬ ‫ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﺍﻨﺫﺍﺭ‪ ,‬ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﺨﺫﺕ ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﻼل‬
‫ﺍﻜﺜﺭ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺭﻻﻴﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺸﻥ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺒﻴﺭﻻﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﺞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻋﻡ ﻭﺍﻥ ﺤﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺭﻻﻴﺕ ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﺸل ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻥ‪ ,‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺭﻜﺯ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫)‪ (400Mpa‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺭﻻﻴﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺸﻥ ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﻭﺍﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺴﺭ ﺍﺒﺘﺩﺍﺀﺍ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬
‫)‪ (245Mpa‬ﺍﻤﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻭﻕ ﻭﺴﻠﻭﻜﻬﺎ ﺨﻼل ﻓﺘﺭﺍﺕ ﻨﻤﻭﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﻨﺘﻬﺎﺀﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺒﺭﻱ‪/‬ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻴﻨﺎﻴﺕ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ )‪365Mpa‬ﺀ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ ﻟﻼﺠﺯﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻌﺭﺽ‬
‫ﻟﻼﺠﻬﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜﺭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺴﺒﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﻼل)‪.(١‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻥ ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻼل‬
‫‪ ١-٢‬ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﺘﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺘﺎﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻭﻻﺫ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ )‪ (CK 35%‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻓﺤﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﻭﻱ ﺒﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻴﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫)‪ (Spectrometer‬ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﻤﺒﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺠﺩﻭل )‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﻠﻰ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺩ ﺍﺠﺭﻴﺕ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﻋﺩﻴﺩﺓ‬
‫‪ ٢-٢‬ﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﻭل ﺘﺎﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻻﻁﻭﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻨﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜﻭﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻡ ﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ ﻋﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﻼل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﻠﻭﻙ ﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﻟﻠﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل )‪ (١‬ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ ) )‪(1984‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻔﺤﺼﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﺒﺎﻻﺤﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫‪ ,(٢)(DE los Rios‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ) )‪(1988‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺍﺭ ) ‪Schenck Rotating Bending‬‬ ‫‪ (٣)( T.Tokaji‬ﻟﻠﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒـﻭﻥ‬
‫‪.( punn‬‬ ‫)‪ ( CK 0.45%‬ﺒﺎﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﺒﺎﻻﺤﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻭﺼﻠﻭ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻥ ﻤﻌﺩل ﻨﻤﻭ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻭﻕ‬
‫‪ ٣-٢‬ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻴﺭﺓ ﺘﺘﺎﺜﺭ ﺒﺎﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺤل‬
‫ﺍﺠﺭﺍﻴﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻨﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻜﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻭ ﻭﻟﺤﺩ ﻁﻭل ﺸﻕ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻟﻜـﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ) ‪CK‬‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻭﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻻﺠﻬﺎﺩ ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫‪.( 0/35%‬‬ ‫ﺘﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﺒﻨﻘﺼﺎﻥ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻻﺠﻬﺎﺩ ‪ ,‬ﻭﺍﻥ ﺸﻘﻭﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﺘﺒﺩﺍ ﻭﺘﺘﻭﺴﻊ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺼﻔﺎﺌﺢ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﻴﺕ ‪.‬‬
‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫‪ ١-٣-٢‬ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ ) ‪( (1985) J.Lankford‬‬
‫ﺭﻓﻌﺕ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤـﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻔـﺭﻥ ﺍﻟـﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺎﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﻤﻭ ﺸﻘﻭﻕ‬
‫)‪ (840Co‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺌﻤـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻴﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻁﺊ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ‬
‫ﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔـﻭﻻﺫ ﻤﺘﻭﺴـﻁ ﺍﻟﻜـﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ) ‪CK‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺴﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬
‫‪ ( 0/35%‬ﺜﻡ ﺘﻡ ﻭﻀﻊ ﻋﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔـﻭﻻﺫ ﻟﻤـﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻨﺘﺘﺠﻭ ﺒﺎﻥ ﺸﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﻜﻼل‬

‫‪٢٦٦‬‬
 ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳﺔ واﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ‪ ،‬اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ ‪ ،٢٥‬اﻟﻌﺪد ‪٢٠٠٧ ،٨‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﻟﻠﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫) ‪ CK 35‬ﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ(‬

‫‪ : P‬ﺍﻟﺤﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻁ ) ‪( kg‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢٠‬ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺘﻡ ﺍﺨﻤﺎﺩﻫـﺎ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟﻤـﺎﺀ‬
‫‪ : Dav‬ﻤﻌﺩل ﻗﻁﺭ ﺍﻻﺜﺭ ) ‪( mm‬‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل ﻋﻤﻭﺩﻱ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺭﻴﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﺴـﺘﻤﺭ ﻟﻠﻌﻴﻨـﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻐﺭﺽ ﺘﺤﻁﻴﻡ ﻁﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭ)‪. (٦‬‬
‫‪ ٣-٤-٢‬ﻓﺤﺹ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻡ ﺍﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻔﺤﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬـﺭﻱ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫‪ ٢-٣-٢‬ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻁﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﻀﻲ ﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺠﺭﺕ ﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺴﺎﺓ ﻋﻨـﺩ‬
‫ﺍﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺴـﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌـﺔ ﻋﻨـﺩ ﺩﺭﺠـﺎﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ‪ ( 200, 400, 600 ) Cc‬ﻟﻤﺩﺓ ‪1‬‬
‫ﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﺠﺭﻴﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺎﺕ ﺘﺤﻀـﻴﺭ‬ ‫‪ hr.‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜـﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺭﻴـﺩ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟﻬـﻭﺍﺀ ﻻﺯﺍﻟـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻟﻐﺭﺽ ﻓﺤﺹ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭﻴـﺔ ﻭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﻬﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﻻﻋﻁﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺒـﺔ‬
‫ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﻭﻀﺤﺔﻯ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟﺸـﻜل‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻭﻟﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻤﺠﻬﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ )‪. (٣‬‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﻐﺭﺽ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺎﺜﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻼل)‪.(٧‬‬
‫ـﻁﺔ‬‫ـﺭ ﺒﻭﺍﺴـ‬
‫ـﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﺴـ‬‫ـﺹ ﻤﻘﻁـ‬ ‫‪ ٤-٤-٢‬ﻓﺤـ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺴﺢ ) ‪( SEM‬‬ ‫‪ ٤-٢‬ﺍﻟﻔﺤﻭﺼﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺘﻡ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﻁﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﺴﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺞ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻜـﻼل‬ ‫‪ ١-٤-٢‬ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺩ‬
‫ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺴﺢ ) ‪( SEM‬‬ ‫ﺍﺠﺭﻱ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺩ ﻟﻠﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﻤﺘﻭﺴـﻁ‬
‫ﻭﺘﻡ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻁﻭﺍل ﺍﻟﺸـﻘﻭﻕ ﻭﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ ﻤﻨـﺎﻁﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ) ‪ , ( CK 35‬ﺍﺫ ﺘﻡ ﺘﺼﻨﻴﻑ ﻋﻴﻨـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺯﻭﺯ ) ‪ ( Striatiom‬ﻭﺘـﻡ ﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ ﻋﻤـﺭ‬ ‫ـﺏ‬‫ـﺔ ﺒﻤﻭﺠـ‬ ‫ـﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴـ‬ ‫ـل ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠـ‬‫ـﺩﺓ ﻟﻜـ‬‫ﻭﺍﺤـ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﻟﻠﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺸـﻜل )‪(٤‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴـﻴﺔ ﺭﻗـﻡ ) ‪( DIN 50125‬‬
‫ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺨﻭﺫﺓ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل )‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺴﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل )‪ (٢‬ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺩ ﻟﻔﻭﻻﺫ‬
‫ـﺔ‬
‫ـﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠـ‬‫ـﺎ ﻟﻨـ‬
‫ـﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﻭﻓﻘـ‬‫ـﻁ ﺍﻟﻜـ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻭﺴـ‬
‫‪ ٥-٤-٢‬ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﻼل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺠﺭﻱ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻜـﻼل ﻤـﻥ ﻨـﻭﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺤﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺍﺭ ) ‪ ( Rotating Bending‬ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫‪ ٢-٤-٢‬ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺒﺭﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻻﺠﻬﺎﺩ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟـﺩﻭﺭﺍﺕ ) ‪S-‬‬ ‫ﺍﺠﺭﻱ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺩﺓ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺘﻴﻥ ﻫﻤﺎ‬
‫‪ ( Ncurve‬ﻟﻠﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻟﻜـﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﺒـﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻜﻭﻴل ) ‪ ( HRC‬ﻭﻓﻴﻜﺭﺯ ) ‪ ( HV‬ﻭﻜـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺘﻌﺎﻤل ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻘﺴﻰ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺭﻭﻜﻭﻴـل ﻫـﻭ )‬
‫ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ) ‪ ، ( 200, 400, 600Co‬ﻭﺘﻡ ﺘﺤﺩﻴـﺩ‬ ‫‪ ( 150kg‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻓﻴﻜﺭﺯ ) ‪ ( 5kg‬ﻭﺘـﻡ‬
‫ﺤﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﻟﻜل ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻤﻭﻀـﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺫ ﻤﻌﺩل ﻟﺜﻼﺙ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺸﻜل )‪. (٦‬‬ ‫ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻟﻜل ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﺘﻡ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺩﺓ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻜﻭﻴل ) ‪ ( HRC‬ﺒﺸﻜل ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ‪،‬‬
‫‪ ٦-٤-٢‬ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺩﺓ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻓﻴﻜﺭﺯ ﻓﻘـﺩ ﺘـﻡ ﺍﻋﺘﻤـﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺍﺠﺭﻱ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﺩﻤﺔ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘـــﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫)‪ ( Charpy V‬ﻟﻠﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺨﺘﻠـﻑ‬ ‫‪Hv = 1.8544 * p/Dav²‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻅﺭﻭﻑ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻥ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﺩﻤﺔ ﻤﻭﻀﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺘﻲ‪-:‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل )‪. (٢‬‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻥ‬
‫‪ : HV‬ﺼﻼﺩﺓ ﻓﻴﻜﺭﺯﻻ ) ‪( kg/mm2‬‬

‫‪٢٦٧‬‬
 ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳﺔ واﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ‪ ،‬اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ ‪ ،٢٥‬اﻟﻌﺪد ‪٢٠٠٧ ،٨‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﻟﻠﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫) ‪ CK 35‬ﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ(‬

‫ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺒﺎ ﺍﻥ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺸل ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﻤﺘﻘﺎﺭﺒـﺔ‬ ‫‪ -٣‬ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻟﻘﻴﻡ ﺍﻻﺠﻬﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻁ ﺍﺫ ﺘﺤﺼل ﺍﻋﺎﻗـﺔ ﻟﻨﻤـﻭ‬ ‫‪ ١-٣‬ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻭﻕ ﺒﺴﺒﺏ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺍﺠﺯ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺭﺘﻨﺯﺍﻴـﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل )‪ (٢‬ﻴﻭﻀـﺢ ﻨﺘـﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﺨﺘﺒـﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸـﺩ‬
‫ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻭﻀﻊ ﻗﻴﻡ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺸﺩﺓ ﺍﻻﺠﻬﺎﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺩﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﻤﺘﻭﺴـﻁ‬
‫ﺍﺫ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻴﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ) ‪. ( CK35‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺭﺘﻨﺯﺍﻴــﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠــﻊ ﻤــﻊ ﻜﺎﺭﺒﻴــﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ ﺭﺴﻡ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻜل ﻤـﻥ ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤـﺔ ﺍﻟﺸـﺩ‬
‫ﺍﺒﺴﻠﻭﻥ)‪ (Fe3.4C‬ﻭﺍﻥ ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻜﺴﺭ ﻫﺵ ﻨﻭﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺩﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺩﺓ ﻤﻊ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺭﻏﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺤﺯﻭﺯ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻤﻭﻀﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل )‪. (٥‬‬
‫ﺍﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺤﺼل ﻟﻤﺠﺎﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ ﺘـﻡ‬
‫ﺘﻘﺴﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺘﻬـﺎ ﻋﻨـﺩ˚‪٤٠٠ C‬‬ ‫‪ ٢-٣‬ﻤﻨﺤﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺠﻬﺎﺩ‪-‬ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭﺍﺕ )‪(S-N‬‬
‫ﻓﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺠﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻭﺴﺘﺎﻴﺕ ﻭﻗـﺩ‬ ‫‪curve‬‬
‫ﺒﻠﻎ ﺤﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﻟﻬـﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴـﺔ ‪σf= ٥٢٠Mpa‬‬ ‫ﺘﻡ ﺭﺴﻡ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻻﺠﻬﺎﺩ – ﻋـﺩﺩ‬
‫ﻭﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻴﻠـﻲ ﺍﻱ ﻴﺤـﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺩﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌـﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤـل‬
‫ﻋﺒﺭﺍﻟﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﻤﻊ ﺤﺩﻭﺙ ﺘﺸﻜﻴل ﻟﺩﻥ ﻤﺼﺤﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻤﻭﻀﺢ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺒﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺯﻭﺯ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻤﻭﻀﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸـﻜل )‪(٤‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل )‪.(٦‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﺒﻠﻎ ﺤﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻡ ﺘﻘﺴﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ˚‪C‬‬ ‫‪ -٤‬ﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬
‫‪ σf= ٥٢٠Mpa ٦٠٠‬ﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺠـﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺤﺼﻠﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺴﻴﻤﻨﺘﺎﻴﺕ ﻜﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﻭ ﺤﺒﻴﺒـﻲ ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﺩ ﺍﻥ ﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻥ ﺍﻻﺴـﺎﺱ ﺘﺘﻜـﻭﻥ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﻓﺭﺍﻴﺘﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺩﻋﻰ ﺒﺎﻟﺴﻭﺭﺒﺎﻴﺕ ﻭﻴﺤـﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﻴﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺭﻻﻴﺕ ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻤﺎﺘﻭﻀـﺤﻪ ﺼـﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺴﺭ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﻤﻊ ﺤﺩﻭﺙ ﺘﺸﻜﻴل ﻟـﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻥ ﺤﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﺍﻟـﺫﻱ ﺘـﻡ‬
‫ﻋﺎل ﺍﺫ ﻴﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻕ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺤـﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺠـﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻟﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻫﻭ ‪σf= ٣٢٠Mpa‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﻨﻤﻭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻭﻕ ﻋﺒـﺭ ﺼـﻔﺎﺌﺢ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﻴـﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﻥ ﻨﻤﻭ ﺸﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﻟﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻴـﺘﻡ ﻋﺒـﺭ‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎﻫﻭﻤﻭﻀﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﻴﺕ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻥ ﺤﺒﻴﺒـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻻﻴـﺕ‬
‫ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻋﻭﺍﺌﻕ ﻟﻨﻤﻭ ﺸـﻕ ﺍﻟﻜـﻼل ﻭﻫـﺫﺍ ﻤـﺎ‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻨﺘﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﻀﺤﺘﻪ ﺼﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺴـﺢ‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺘﻨﺨﻔﺽ ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻜـﻼل ﻭﺍﻟﺸـﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺯﻭﺯ )‪ (striation‬ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺩﺓ ﺒﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺠﺩ ﺍﻥ ﺤﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﻟﻤﺠﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘـﻡ‬
‫ﺘﻘﺴﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺼل ﺍﻟﻰ ‪ σf= ٧٤٠Mpa‬ﺍﻱ‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺘﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺼـﺩﻤﺔ ﺒﺯﻴـﺎﺩﺓ ﺩﺭﺠـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ ﺤﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﺍﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻀﻌﻑ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨـﺔ‬
‫ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺤﺩﻤﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻌﺩﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘـﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺼـﻭل‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺭﺘﻨﺯﺍﻴﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻤﺘـﺎﺯ ﺒﺼـﻼﺩﺓ‬
‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺍﻥ ﺍﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﻜﻼل ﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﻁﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺼﺩﻤﺔ ﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀﺘﻴﻥ‬
‫ـﻲ‬‫ـﺕ ﻓـ‬ ‫ـﻊ ﻜﺎﻨـ‬
‫ـﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠـ‬
‫ـﻭﻻﺫ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺴـ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻔـ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ ﺍﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻜﺴﺭ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻫﺵ ﻭﻴﺤﺼـل ﻤـﺎﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ˚‪.٢٠٠ C‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻤﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻡ ﺘﻘﺴﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺩ ˚‪٢٠٠ C‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺩ ﻭﺼل ﺤﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﺍﻟﻰ ﻤﻘـﺩﺍﺭ ‪٧٨٠Mpa‬‬
‫=‪ σf‬ﺍﻱ ﺘﻀﺎﻋﻑ ﺤﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﻤﺭﺘﻴﻥ ﻭﻨﺼﻑ‬

‫‪٢٦٨‬‬
 ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ٢٠٠٧ ،٨ ‫ اﻟﻌﺪد‬،٢٥ ‫ اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ‬،‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳﺔ واﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﻟﻠﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ‬
(‫ ﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ‬CK 35 )

4 Mik Corite., “Heat Treatment of ٤٠٠ C˚‫ ﺍﻋﻁﺕ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌـﺔ‬-٤
Steel ”,2002. ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﻠﻰ ﻟﻠﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﻤﻥ ﻨﺎﺤﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﺼـﻼﺩﺓ‬
.‫ﻭﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺩﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻼل‬
5 Fogg P.,“ Hardening”, Home
Book Store Available Feed
Back, 2001.
‫ ﺍﻥ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ ﺘـﺅﺩﻱ‬-٥
‫ﺍﻟﻰﺘﺤﻭﻴل ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻜﺴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺴﺭ ﺍﻟﻬـﺵ ﺍﻟـﻰ‬
6 Research Group. School of .‫ﺍﻟﻜﺴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻴﻠﻲ‬
Engineering Sciences,
University of South Ampton, ‫ ﺍﻅﻬﺭ ﺍﻻﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺸـﺩﺓ‬-٦
High Field. Internet, 2003. ‫ﺍﻻﺠﻬﺎﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﻋﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﺩﻗـﺔ ﺘﺨﻤـﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻤﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴـﺭﻋﺔ‬
7 Renzhi and Wang, “Effect of .‫ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﻕ‬
Residual Stress of Shot
Preening of thr Fatigue
Behaviour of Carbon Steel” ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬
,2004. 1 John A.L.UTZ. Manager of
Engineering the June, Issue of
8 Inghabil, and Hans-Joaohim, H.C., ASM Heat Treating Progress,
Technology in the Heat Treatment 1997.
of Steel. Internet, 2001.
2 Ewing, J.A and Humphery, J.C,
Proc. Roy Series A.P.P, 211-
250, 2000.

3 Smith, R.A., “Fatigue Crack

Growth”, Pergoman Press 1999.

.( CK 0/35% ) ‫( ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﻭﻱ ﻟﻠﻔﻭﻻﺫ‬١) ‫ﺠﺩﻭل ﺭﻗﻡ‬

٢٦٩
 ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳﺔ واﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ‪ ،‬اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ ‪ ،٢٥‬اﻟﻌﺪد ‪٢٠٠٧ ،٨‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﻟﻠﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫) ‪ CK 35‬ﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ(‬

‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺭ‬ ‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪Si‬‬ ‫‪Mn‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪Cr‬‬ ‫‪Mo‬‬ ‫‪Ni‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪Cu‬‬ ‫‪Fe‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪0.35‬‬ ‫‪0.212‬‬ ‫‪0.57‬‬ ‫‪0.015‬‬ ‫‪0.03‬‬ ‫‪0.026‬‬ ‫‪0.082‬‬ ‫‪0.027‬‬ ‫‪0.003‬‬ ‫‪0.015‬‬ ‫‪Rem‬‬
‫)‪(wt%‬‬

‫ﺸﻜل )‪ (١‬ﺃﺒﻌﺎﺩ ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺸﻜل )‪ (٢‬ﺃﺒﻌﺎﺩ ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬

‫‪٢٧٠‬‬
 ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳﺔ واﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ‪ ،‬اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ ‪ ،٢٥‬اﻟﻌﺪد ‪٢٠٠٧ ،٨‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﻟﻠﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫) ‪ CK 35‬ﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ(‬

‫ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﻭﻻﺫ ﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ ) ‪( 840 Co ) ( 0.35 c%‬‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﻭﻻﺫ ﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻤﻠﺩﻥ ﻗﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﻴﺭ ) ‪( 150 X‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﻴﺭ ) ‪( 400 X‬‬

‫ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﻭﻻﺫ ﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﻭﻻﺫ ﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ ) ‪ ( 400Co‬ﻭﻗﻭﺓ ﺘﻜﺒﻴﺭ ) ‪( 400X‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ )‪ ( 600Co‬ﻭﻗﻭﺓ ﺘﻜﺒﻴﺭ) ‪( 150X‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل )‪ (٣‬ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ‬

‫ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﻌﺎﻤل ‪ ،‬ﻗﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﻴﺭ ) ‪( 55X‬‬

‫‪٢٧١‬‬
 ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳﺔ واﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ‪ ،‬اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ ‪ ،٢٥‬اﻟﻌﺪد ‪٢٠٠٧ ،٨‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﻟﻠﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫) ‪ CK 35‬ﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ(‬

‫ﺘﻘﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ‪ ،‬ﻤﻊ ﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ) ‪( 200Co‬‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ‪ ،‬ﻗﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﻴﺭ ) ‪( 500X‬‬
‫ﻗﻭﺓ ﺘﻜﺒﻴﺭ ) ‪( 36X‬‬

‫ﺘﻘﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ‪ ،‬ﻤﻊ ﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ )‪(400Co‬ﺘﻘﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﻤﻊ ﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ) ‪ ( 600Co‬ﻗﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﻴﺭ ) ‪( 100X‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل )‪ (٤‬ﻓﺤﺹ ﻤﻘﻁﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﺴﺭ ﻟﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ‬

‫‪٢٧٢‬‬
 ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳﺔ واﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ‪ ،‬اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ ‪ ،٢٥‬اﻟﻌﺪد ‪٢٠٠٧ ،٨‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﻟﻠﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫) ‪ CK 35‬ﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ(‬

‫ﺠﺩﻭل )‪ (٢‬ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺩﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ) ‪( CK 35‬‬
‫‪No.‬‬ ‫ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﻀﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﻼل‪σf‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺩﺓ‬
‫‪Mpa‬‬ ‫‪Mpa‬‬ ‫‪Kg.m/cm²‬‬ ‫‪Mpa‬‬ ‫‪Kg/mm²‬‬
‫‪HV‬‬ ‫‪HRC‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫‪622‬‬ ‫‪595‬‬ ‫‪270‬‬ ‫‪320‬‬ ‫‪218‬‬ ‫‪17.1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ )‪(840Co‬‬ ‫‪2220‬‬ ‫‪2030‬‬ ‫‪243‬‬ ‫‪740‬‬ ‫‪702‬‬ ‫‪59.3‬‬
‫ﻟﻤﺩﺓ ‪15min‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ – ﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫‪1920‬‬ ‫‪1810‬‬ ‫‪270‬‬ ‫‪780‬‬ ‫‪505‬‬ ‫‪49.1‬‬
‫)‪ (200C o‬ﻟﻤﺩﺓ ‪1hr‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‪ -‬ﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫‪1125‬‬ ‫‪985‬‬ ‫‪941‬‬ ‫‪520‬‬ ‫‪350‬‬ ‫‪35.5‬‬
‫)‪ (400C o‬ﻟﻤﺩﺓ ‪1hr‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ‪ +‬ﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫‪870‬‬ ‫‪745‬‬ ‫‪1338‬‬ ‫‪350‬‬ ‫‪270‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬
‫)‪ (600C o‬ﻟﻤﺩﺓ ‪1hr‬‬

‫‪Mpa‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﺸﺪ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎوة اﻟﺼﺪﻣﺔ ‪Kg.m/cm²‬‬
‫‪Mpa‬‬ ‫ﺣﺪ اﻟﻜﻼل‬
‫‪Kg/mm²‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼدة‬

‫ﺸﻜل )‪ (٥‬ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ‬

‫ﺸﻜل )‪ (٥‬ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ‬

‫‪٢٧٣‬‬
 ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳﺔ واﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ‪ ،‬اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ ‪ ،٢٥‬اﻟﻌﺪد ‪٢٠٠٧ ،٨‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﻟﻠﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫) ‪ CK 35‬ﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ(‬

‫ﺸﻜل )‪ (٦‬ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻻﺠﻬﺎﺩ‪-‬ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﻟﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺒﻁﺭﻕ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬

‫ﺸﻜل )‪ (٧‬ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﻕ‪-‬ﻤﻌﺩل ﺸﺩﺓ ﺍﻻﺤﻬﺎﺩ ﻟﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﻤﻘﺴﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺩ ﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ )‪(٢٠٠،٤٠٠،٦٠٠‬‬

‫‪٢٧٤‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳﺔ واﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ‪ ،‬اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ ‪ ،٢٥‬اﻟﻌﺪد ‪٢٠٠٧ ،٨‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﻟﻠﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫) ‪ CK 35‬ﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ(‬

‫ﺸﻜل )‪ (٨‬ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﻕ‪ -‬ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ ﻟﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﻤﻘﺴﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻭﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ )‪(٢٠٠،٤٠٠،٦٠٠‬‬

‫ﺸﻜل )‪ (٩‬ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﻕ‪ -‬ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ ﻟﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﻤﻘﺴﻰ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ )‪(٢٠٠،٤٠٠،٦٠٠‬‬

‫‪٢٧٥‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳﺔ واﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ‪ ،‬اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ ‪ ،٢٥‬اﻟﻌﺪد ‪٢٠٠٧ ،٨‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﻟﻠﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫) ‪ CK 35‬ﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ(‬

‫ﺠﺩﻭل )‪ (٣‬ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻨﻤﻭ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻭﻕ ﻟﻠﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺴﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻋﻨﺩ) ‪(٢٠٠ C 0‬‬

‫‪bo=-0.06408‬‬ ‫‪b 1=9.3095*10-6‬‬ ‫‪b2=1.49138*10-11‬‬

‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪Nf‬‬ ‫‪σ‬‬ ‫‪da/dN‬‬ ‫‪∆k‬‬
‫)‪(mm‬‬ ‫)‪(cycle‬‬ ‫)‪(N/mm2‬‬ ‫)‪(mm/cycle‬‬ ‫)‪(Mpa.m1/2‬‬
‫‪0.956‬‬ ‫‪1.39*103‬‬ ‫‪830‬‬ ‫‪7.230*10-6‬‬ ‫‪45.49‬‬
‫‪0.982‬‬ ‫‪1.54*103‬‬ ‫‪820‬‬ ‫‪7.013*10-6‬‬ ‫‪45.55‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪-6‬‬
‫‪1.12‬‬ ‫‪1.72*10‬‬ ‫‪800‬‬ ‫‪6.744*10‬‬ ‫‪47.45‬‬
‫‪1.21‬‬ ‫‪2.04*103‬‬ ‫‪790‬‬ ‫‪6.267*10-6‬‬ ‫‪48.71‬‬
‫‪av. ∆ k =46.8‬‬
‫‪-6‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪av.(da/dN)=6.8*10‬‬

‫ﺠﺩﻭل )‪ (٤‬ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻨﻤﻭ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻭﻕ ﻟﻠﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺴﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻋﻨﺩ) ‪(٤٠٠ C 0‬‬

‫‪b o=-0.19283‬‬ ‫‪b1=4.2591*10-6‬‬ ‫‪b2=5.54997*10-12‬‬

‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪Nf‬‬ ‫‪σ‬‬ ‫‪da/dN‬‬ ‫‪∆k‬‬
‫)‪(mm‬‬ ‫)‪(cycle‬‬ ‫)‪(N/mm2‬‬ ‫)‪(mm/cycle‬‬ ‫)‪(Mpa.m1/2‬‬
‫‪0.64‬‬ ‫‪1.27*10 3‬‬ ‫‪600‬‬ ‫‪3.554*10-6‬‬ ‫‪26.9‬‬
‫‪0.785‬‬ ‫‪1.76*10 3‬‬ ‫‪570‬‬ ‫‪3.282*10-6‬‬ ‫‪28.81‬‬
‫‪0.82‬‬ ‫‪2.04*10 3‬‬ ‫‪550‬‬ ‫‪3.127*10-6‬‬ ‫‪27.92‬‬

‫‪1.01‬‬ ‫‪3.75*10 3‬‬ ‫‪540‬‬ ‫‪2.178*10-6‬‬ ‫‪30.42‬‬

‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪av.(da/dN)=3.03*10-6‬‬ ‫‪av. ∆k =28.5‬‬

‫ﺠﺩﻭل )‪ (٥‬ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻨﻤﻭ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻭﻕ ﻟﻠﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺴﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻋﻨﺩ) ‪(٦٠٠ C 0‬‬

‫‪b o=-0.639‬‬ ‫‪b1=2.4056*10-6‬‬ ‫‪b 2=1.11096*10-12‬‬

‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪Nf‬‬ ‫‪σ‬‬ ‫‪da/dN‬‬ ‫‪∆k‬‬
‫)‪(mm‬‬ ‫)‪(cycle‬‬ ‫)‪(N/mm2‬‬ ‫)‪(mm/cycle‬‬ ‫)‪(Mpa.m1/2‬‬
‫‪0.762‬‬ ‫‪5.60*103‬‬ ‫‪500‬‬ ‫‪2.343*10-6‬‬ ‫‪24.46‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪-6‬‬
‫‪1.04‬‬ ‫‪1.74*10‬‬ ‫‪450‬‬ ‫‪2.212*10‬‬ ‫‪25.72‬‬
‫‪1.44‬‬ ‫‪4.22*103‬‬ ‫‪400‬‬ ‫‪1.936*10-6‬‬ ‫‪26.90‬‬

‫‪1.62‬‬ ‫‪5.38*103‬‬ ‫‪380‬‬ ‫‪1.808*10-6‬‬ ‫‪27.11‬‬

‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪av.(da/dN)=2.075*10-6‬‬ ‫‪av. ∆k =26.05‬‬

‫‪٢٧٦‬‬