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1D Part3

1. The document presents the formulation of a finite element model for a beam element. Governing equations for the beam such as expression for strain energy, axial force, bending moment and shear force are defined. 2. The beam is discretized into multiple nodes and degrees of freedom including displacements and rotations are defined at each node. 3. A stiffness matrix relating the nodal loads to nodal displacements is derived using the Galerkin method. Material properties, geometry of the beam and boundary conditions are required to populate the stiffness matrix.

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rd_mech
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18 views5 pages

1D Part3

1. The document presents the formulation of a finite element model for a beam element. Governing equations for the beam such as expression for strain energy, axial force, bending moment and shear force are defined. 2. The beam is discretized into multiple nodes and degrees of freedom including displacements and rotations are defined at each node. 3. A stiffness matrix relating the nodal loads to nodal displacements is derived using the Galerkin method. Material properties, geometry of the beam and boundary conditions are required to populate the stiffness matrix.

Uploaded by

rd_mech
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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9/30/2013

  
>

  
 

w = N1w1 + N21 + N3w2 + N42


=> w = [N1 N2 N3 N4 ]{w1 1 w2 2}

w = [N

]{D }
31

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1.000

N1

N3

0.500

N2

N4
-0.500
32

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0.000

  

  
Strain energy,

U =

1
2

x=L

 

x dAdx =

x=0 A

1
2

 2w 
 2w 
EI 
dx
2 
2 

 x 

  x
0

w = [N

U =

1
2

2w
=
x 2

x 2

L

 2w 
 2w 
1
T
T
EI 
dx = {D }
 [B ] EI [B ]dx  {D }
2 
2 
2

x



0

1
T
=> U = {D } [k ]{D }
2

  x
0

Where,

[k ] =  [B ]T EI [B ]dx

33

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=>

]{D }
2
[N ]
{D } = [B ]{D }

 0 

11

9/30/2013

  
6L
2 L2 
6L

4 L2  44

12
6L
12

6L
4 L2
symm

1. Point load, P => {w } P = {D


T

 {w } q o dx = {D }

3. Moment, M =>

P [N

]T

 [N ] q dx
T
[N ]
T
= {D } M

2. UDL qo =>

}T

 w 

 M
 x 

34

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12

EI

[k ] = 3
L


Potential energy, V

  

  

Galerkin method

N
0

 2

 x 2



2w
 EI
x 2



 = q




 + q  dx = 0




Use integration by parts,


35

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& / A"
  4
 /0 [k ]{D } = {F }
?.
 #
2
2
<$ ,1
  &  EI w
x 2 
x 2

  

  
2N
2w
2 w N
0 x 2 i EI x 2 dx = EI x 2 xi
L

2N
2w
N
0 x 2 i EI x 2 dx = M xi

 2w 
 N i + qN i dx
 EI
x  x 2  0 0
L

+ FN i 0 +  qN i dx
L

Natural BCs

36

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12

9/30/2013

  
% $1

#
w
 
 &
u = z
Axial strain, x
Stress,

= E

Moment (linear variation) ,


Shear force (constant),

M = EI

F = EI

] {D }

2w
2 [N ]
{D}
= EI
2
x
x2

3
[N
x 3

] {D }
37

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2 [N
2w
u
= z
= z
=
x 2
x 2
x

  

  
  
#
1

E, I 2

x=0
w1, 1 = dw/dx

x = L/2
w2, 2 = dw/dx

3
x=L
w3, 3 = dw/dx

w = c0 + c1x + c2 x 2 + c3 x3 + c4 x 4 + c5 x5

38

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39

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  . * #  


8'.)# BCB
 
 +++DDD
  

  
 A/
 &
 $
  


 2
 &
 $=

%8
 # !

#  %8

 
# " :  ;
<
 
# #  $
  

13

9/30/2013

  
w1

w2
u1

u2

The stiffness matrix is,


AE

[k ] =

L, A, I, E

12 EI
L3

6 EI
L2
4 EI
L

AE
L


0 
6 EI 

L2 
2 EI 
L 

0 

6 EI 
2
L 
4 EI 

L 

0
12 EI
L3
6 EI
2
L

0
0
AE
L

0
12 EI
L3

symm

 u1
 w
 1

[k ] 1
u2
w2

 2

 F1

 V

 1

 M 1

 = 
 F2

 V2



 M 2












[k ]{d } = {p }

40

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Y, W
x, u
2

2
y, w

41

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X, U

42

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Local CSYS x-y & Global CSYS X-Y


  

  
 u1  C
 w 
S
 1

 1 
0
 =

u 2 
0
w2 
0
 

 2 
0

S
C

0
0

0
0

0
0

0
0
0
0

1
0
0
0

0
C
S
0

0
S
C
0

 F1  C
 V 
S
 1

 M1 
0
 =

 F2 
0
 V2 
0
 

 M 2 
0

0 U1 
0 W1 
0  1 
 
0 U 2 
0 W2 
 
1  2 

0
0

1
0

0
C

0
S

0
0

0

0
0

1 

 f1 
v 
 1
 m1 
 
 f2 
 v2 
 
m2 

=>

{d } = [T ]{D }

=>

{P } = [T ]T {p }

{P } = [T ] [k ]{d } = [T ]T [k ][T ]{D }


{P } = [K ]{D }
T

  

14

9/30/2013

   



*    ,# 4=
z
x
y

w
v
,v,
x
x

w = w ( x ), v = v ( x )
The order [k] matrix 8 x 8
43

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DOF at each node - w ,

  

  

44

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%8
 #  #


 
 =


 2
8 

 =
 
 %82
8'.)
 3939

  


   
 *   
8  
-  
# 2,
*=
 

2
- %8# 2,=

-  

/-2 E-2%8

2
5, ,# 

  
  $ ,

 
 . * # 

 $
$
 /0


2
6


  
 #  
$  =
7
 $
$
#  /0
45


& 3

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15

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