DNA contains the genetic code used to produce proteins. During transcription, DNA is copied into mRNA which carries this code out of the nucleus. The mRNA code is then translated by ribosomes with the help of tRNAs, which bring amino acids to the ribosome in the order specified by the mRNA codons. This process of translation results in the assembly of a protein with the sequence determined by the mRNA genetic code.
DNA contains the genetic code used to produce proteins. During transcription, DNA is copied into mRNA which carries this code out of the nucleus. The mRNA code is then translated by ribosomes with the help of tRNAs, which bring amino acids to the ribosome in the order specified by the mRNA codons. This process of translation results in the assembly of a protein with the sequence determined by the mRNA genetic code.
DNA contains the genetic code used to produce proteins. During transcription, DNA is copied into mRNA which carries this code out of the nucleus. The mRNA code is then translated by ribosomes with the help of tRNAs, which bring amino acids to the ribosome in the order specified by the mRNA codons. This process of translation results in the assembly of a protein with the sequence determined by the mRNA genetic code.
DNA contains the genetic code used to produce proteins. During transcription, DNA is copied into mRNA which carries this code out of the nucleus. The mRNA code is then translated by ribosomes with the help of tRNAs, which bring amino acids to the ribosome in the order specified by the mRNA codons. This process of translation results in the assembly of a protein with the sequence determined by the mRNA genetic code.
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Protein Synthesis
1. DNA contains the
information necessary to produce proteins.
2. Transcription of DNA results in mRNA, which is a copy of the information in DNA needed to make a protein. 3. The mRNA leaves the nucleus and goes to a ribosome.
4. Amino Acids, the building blocks of proteins, are carried to the ribosome by tRNAs.
5. In the process of translation, the information contained in mRNA is used to determine the number, kinds and arrangement of amino acids in the protein. tRNA Specialized transport molecules called transfer RNA carry the amino acids to the ribosome. The mRNA molecule contains the information required to determine the sequence of amino acids in a protein.
The information is called the genetic code and is carried in groups of three nucleotides called codons. The number and sequence of codons in the mRNA are determined by the number and sequence of sets of three nucleotides, called triplets, in the segments of DNA that were transcribed. FOR EXAMPLE The triplet code of CTA in DNA results in the codon GAU in mRNA, which codes for aspartic acid.
Each codon codes for a specific amino acid.
64 possible mRNA codons exist, but only 20 amino acids are in proteins. As a result, the genetic code is redundant because more than one codon codes for some amino acids. Redundancy For example: CGA, CGG, CGT and CGC all code for the amino acid alanin
UUU and UAC both code for phenylalanine.
Some codons do not code for AA but perform other functions. For example: AUG and sometimes GUG act as signals for starting the transcription of a stretch of DNA to RNA. Three codons UAA, UGA and UAG act as signals for stopping the transcription of DNA to RNA.
