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6453 05 hw12

This document contains a homework assignment in chemical engineering with 3 practice problems. Problem 1 asks to calculate the operating temperature of heating elements in a furnace needed to supply a given heat flux. Problem 2 involves calculating the total solar irradiation on the earth from direct and diffuse sky components. Problem 3 concerns calculating the irradiation received on a spacecraft radiator plane that bisects the sun, modeled as a diffuse emitting sphere.

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70 views2 pages

6453 05 hw12

This document contains a homework assignment in chemical engineering with 3 practice problems. Problem 1 asks to calculate the operating temperature of heating elements in a furnace needed to supply a given heat flux. Problem 2 involves calculating the total solar irradiation on the earth from direct and diffuse sky components. Problem 3 concerns calculating the irradiation received on a spacecraft radiator plane that bisects the sun, modeled as a diffuse emitting sphere.

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l7ani
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chemical Engineering 6453

Spring 2005
Homework Assignment 12
Prof. Geoff Silcox
Due Wednesday, 13 April by 17:00.


Problem 1 (Problem 5.8, p. 228 of Modest, 1993)

A row of equally spaced, cylindrical heating elements (s =2d) is used to heat the
inside of a furnace as shown in below. Assume that the outer wall is made of
firebrick with
3
=0.3 and is perfectly insulated, that the heating rods are made of
silicon carbide (
1
=0.8), and that the inner wall has an emissivity of
2
=0.6.
What must be the operating temperature of the rods to supply a net heat flux of
300 kW/m
2
to the furnace, if the inner wall is at a temperature of 1300 K?

d
s
q =300 kW/m
2
Outer Wall
Inner Wall
SiC Rods, (s/d =2)


Approximate answer: T
1
=2000 K

Problem 2 (Problem 1.10, p. 35 of Modest, 1993)

Solar energy incident on the surface of the earth may be broken into two parts: a
direct component (traveling unimpeded through the atmosphere) and a sky
component (reaching the surface after being scattered by the atmosphere). On a
clear day the direct solar heat flux has been determined as q
sun
=1000 W/m
2

(per unit area normal to the rays). The intensity of the sky component that has
been found to be diffuse (i.e., the intensity of the sky radiation hitting the surface
is the same for all direction) is I
sky
=70 W/(m
2
sr). Determine the total solar
irradiation onto the surface of the earth if the sun is located 60 above the
horizon (i.e., 30 from the normal).

Approximate answer: G =1000 W/m
2



Problem 3 (Problem 4, p. 17-18 of Edwards, 1981)

If the sun is approximated as a perfectly diffusely emitting sphere, what
irradiation would be received on one face of a spacecraft radiator whose plane
bisected the sun? Take the irradiation upon a plate whose normal passes
through the sun to be 1380 W/m
2
at a distance of one astronomical unit (1.496 x
10
11
m), and take the sun to be a sphere subtending a half angle of 16 minutes
of arc.

Approximate answer: G =1 W/m
2

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