Limbajul OCL

Object Constraint Language

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Tipuri OCL
Tipuri de baza Real Integer Boolean String

Tipuri colectii Collection Set Bag Sequence obiect->functie(parametri)

specificarea restrictiilor legate de digrame UML
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OCL Enumeration OclAny

Tipuri de baza

Real

=, <>, +, - (binar si unar), *, /, <, >, <=, >= abs(), floor(), round(), max(r:Real), min(r:Real) =, - (binar si unar), +, -, *, / abs(), div(i:Integer), mod(i:Integer), max(i:Integer), min(i:Integer) = size(), concat(s:String), toUpper(),toLower(), substring(Inferior:Interegr, Superior:Integer).

Integer

String

Boolean =, or, xor, and, not, implies.

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Alte tipuri OCL

OCL Enumeration

= , <>

OclAny = , <> oclIsKindOf(tip:OclType):Boolean, oclIsTypeOf(type:OclType):Boolean, oclAsType(tip:OclType):tip , oclInState(Stare:OclState):Boolean, oclIsNew():Boolean

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Tipuri colectii

Au la baza Collection Collection()T size():Integer, includes(Obiect:OclAny):Boolean excludes(Obiect:OclAny):Boolean count(Obiect:OclAny):Integer

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Set(T)

select(expresie:OclExpression):Set(T) reject(expresie:OclExpression):Set(T) collect(expresie:OclExpression):Bag(ex pr.evaluationType()) union(M2:Set(T)):Set(T) count(Obiect:T):Integer union(C:Bag(T)):Bag(T) asSequence():Sequence(T) =(M2:Set(T)):Boolean asBag():Bag(T) -(M2:Set(T)):Set(T) intersection(M2:Set(T)):Set(T) intersection(C:Bag(T)):Set(T) including(Obiect:T):Set(T) excluding(Obiect:T):Set(T) symmetricDifference(M2:Set(T)):Set(T)

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Bag(T)

union(C:Bag(T)):Bag(T) union(M2:Set(T)):Bag(T) =(C:Bag(T)):Boolean intersection(C:Bag(T)):Bag(T) intersection(M2:Set(T)):Set(T) including(Obiect:T):Bag(T) excluding(Obiect:T):Bag(T) select(e:OclExpression):Bag(T)

reject(e:OclExpression): Bag(T) collect(e:OclExpression): Bag(e.evaluationType()) count(Obiect:T):Integer asSequence():Sequence(T) asSet():Set(T)

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Sequence(T)

count(Obiect:T):Integer =(S2:Sequence(T)):Boolean union(S2:Sequence(T)): Sequence(T) append(Obiect:T): Sequence(T) prepend(Obiect:T):Sequence( T) subSequence(inferior:Integer, superior:Integer):Sequence(T) at(i:Integer):T first():T last():T

including(Obiect:T): Sequence(T) excluding(Obiect:T): Sequence(T) select(e:OclExpression): Sequence(T) reject(e:OclExpression): Sequence(T) collect(expresie:OclExpression): Sequence(expr.evaluationType()) iterate(expresie:OclExpression): expr.evaluationType() asBag():Bag(T) asSet():Set(T)

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Exemple de utilizare colectii

Interpretati !

Set{3,5,2,45,5} size() Sequence{1,2,45,9,3,9} count(9) Sequence{1,2,45,2,3,9} includes(45) Bag{1,9,9,1} count(9)

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Navigare in modelul UML

p:Persoana p.adresa p.copii p.parinti

obiect.NumeRol obiect.numeClasaAsociatie obiect.numeClasaAsociatie[numeRol]

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Exemple navigare
Interpretati !

p.copii exists(e1,e2|e1.varsta=e2.varsta) p.copii collect(varsta)=Bag{10,5,12} p.copii.prenume=Bag{Petre,Maria,Ion} p.copii select(varsta>8 and sex=Sex::Masculin) p.copii forall(varsta<11) p.copii isUnique(prenume) p.copii forall(varsta<p.varsta) p.copii one(varsta>=18)
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Navigare catre clasa de asociatie

Interpretati !

p:Persoana c:Companie p.Evaluare[sefi] p.Evaluare[subalterni] p.Evaluare[sefi].punctaj sum()/p.sefi size() p.Functie c.Functie c.Functiecollect(salariu) sum()

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Conditionalitate in expresii OCL

Interpretati !

if-then else endif if varsta<40 then salariu>1000 else salariu > 2000 endif

salariu>(if varsta<40 then 1000 else 2000 endif)

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Specificarea contextului pentru expresii OCL Specificarea invariantilor

context NumeClasificator stereotip: Expresie OCL

clasei context NumeClasa inv: expresieOCL context obiect:NumeClasa inv: expresieOCL

Stereotipuri

<<precondition>> <<postcondition>> <<invariant>>

Pre- si post-conditii:

context NumeTip::NumeOperatie(parametru1:Tip1,...)TipReturnat pre: restrictie1 post: restrictie2

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Exemplu invarianti clasa Persoana

Interpretati !

context Persoana inv: copiiforall(c|c.varsta<self.varsta-7) inv: self.copii isUnique(prenume) def veri: Set(Persoana)=parinti.parinti.copii.copii excluding(parinti.copii) asSet()
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Restrictii in diagrama de clase UML

Universitate 1 1 1 Senat
{subset} {Rector= PresedinteSenat} {subset}

1 1 Consiliu Profesoral
{subset}

* 1

Facultate 1 1

* Catedra

{subset} {subset}

{Decan= PresedinteConsiliu}

{subset} {subset} {subset}

Presedinte Membru 1 Consiliu * Consiliu 1 Decan 3 Prodecan 1 Rector 3 Prorector * membru 1 Presedinte

Profesor

* MembruCatedra 1 SefCatedra

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Alternativa de exprimare a restrictiilor in Interpretati ! OCL 1/3

context Catedra inv: self.membruCatedra->includes(self.sefCatedra) context Facultate inv: self.consiliuProfesoral.membruConsiliu ->includes(self.catedra.sefCatedra) inv: self.consiliuProfesoral.membruConsiliu ->includes(self.prodecan) inv: self.consiliuProfesoral.presedinteConsiliu =self.decan inv: self.profesor=self.catedra.membruCatedra
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Alternativa de exprimare a restrictiilor in OCL 2/3

Interpretati !

context ConsiliuProfesoral inv: self.membruConsiliu ->includes(self.presedinteConsiliu) context Senat inv: self.membruSenat ->includes(self.pre]edinteSenat)
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Alternativa de exprimare a restrictiilor in OCL 3/3

context Universitate Interpretati ! inv: self.senat.membruSenat ->includes(self.prorector) inv: self.senat.membruSenat ->includes(self.facultate.decan) inv: self.senat.membruSenat ->includes(self.facultate.catedra.sefCatedra) inv: self.senat.pre]edinteSenat=self.rector
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Exemple preconditii / postconditii operatii

Interpretati !

context Persoana::salariu():integer post: return > 500 context Companie::angajare(p:Persoana) pre: neangajat: not(angajatiincludes(p)) post: angajat: angajati includes(p)
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Descrierea formala a interfetei Photo Library

@Sommerville, 2006

context addItem pre: PhotoLibrary.libSize() > 0 PhotoLibrary.retrieve(pid) = null libSize () = libSize()@pre + 1 PhotoLibrary.retrieve(pid) = p PhotoLibrary.catEntry(pid) = photodesc

post:

context delete pre: PhotoLibrary.retrieve(pid) <> null ; post: PhotoLibrary.retrieve(pid) = null PhotoLibrary.catEntry(pid) = PhotoLibrary.catEntry(pid)@pre PhotoLibrary.libSize() = libSize()@pre - 1
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Expresii let

Sa se initializeze venitul unei familii cu suma veniturilor membrilor familiei.

context Familie inv: let venit: Integer = self.membri.venit->sum() in

Exercitiu: Sa se scrie preconditiile pentru operatia getSotie()

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Expresia Implies

Daca o persoana are o sotie , sotia e de sex feminin. context Persoana inv: self.sotie->notEmpty() implies self.sotie.sex=Sex::feminin

Exercitii:

Daca o persoana are un sot, acesta e de sex masculin. Daca un barbat e casatorit, atunci are o sotie. Daca o femeie e casatorita atunci are un sot. Daca o persoana are o sotie, aceasta are peste 18 ani Daca o persoana are un sot, acesta are peste 18 ani.

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