College of Engineering and Computer Science

Mechanical Engineering Department

Mechanical Engineering 375
Heat Transfer
Spring 2007 Number 17629
Instructor: Larry Caretto
February 7 Homework Solutions
1.55 The inner and outer surfaces of a 4-m by -m bric! "all of
thic!ness #$ cm and thermal conducti%ity $.&' ()m *
are maintained at temperatures of +$,C and 5,C-
respecti%ely. Determine the rate of heat transfer
through the "all- in (. ./igure 01.55 from 1engel- Heat
and Mass Transfer2
Here we use the basic euation !or one"#imensiona$
con#uction heat !$ow% &e ta'e the temperature #i!!erence as
($e!t ) (right to get the heat !$ow in the #irection shown in the
!igure%
L
T T kA
Q
right left
) (

*rom the gi+en #ata we see that L , 0%- m. ($e!t ) (right , 210
o
C ) /
o
C , 1/
o
C , 1/ 0. ' , 0%69
&1m20. an# 3 , 47 m546 m5 , 27 m
2
% Substituting these +a$ues into the heat !$ow euation gi+es:%
( )

m
K
m
K m
W
L
T T kA
Q
right left
3 . 0
15
28
69 . 0
) (
2

966 W
1.5'E. The north "all of an electrically heated home is +$ ft long- 1$ ft high- and 1 ft thic!- and is
made of bric! "hose thermal conducti%ity is k 3 $.4+ 4tu)h ft ,/. 5n a certain "inter night-
the temperatures of the inner and the outer surfaces of the "all are measured to be at
about &+,/ and +5,/- respecti%ely- for a period of 6 h. Determine .a2 the rate of heat loss
through the "all that night and .b2 the cost of that heat loss to the home o"ner if the cost
of electricity is 7$.$)!(h.
3gain we use the basic euation !or one"#imensiona$ con#uction heat !$ow% &e ta'e the
temperature #i!!erence as ($e!t ) (right to get the heat !$ow $ea+ing the house%
L
T T kA
Q
outer inner
) (

*rom the gi+en #ata we see that L ,1 !t. ($e!t ) (right , 62

o
* ) 2/
o
* , -7
o
*. ' , 0%62 8tu1hr2!t2
o
*. an#
3 , 420 !t5410 !t5 , 200 !t
2
% Substituting these +a$ues into the heat !$ow euation gi+es:%
( )

ft
F
ft
F ft hr
Btu
L
T T kA
Q
o
o
right left
1
37
200
42 . 0
) (
2

3108 Btuhr
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(he cost is !oun# by mu$tip$ying the heat $oss by the ?0%071'&h cost o! pro+i#ing the heat an# the
7 hour t #uring which the heat $oss occurs%%
( ) ( )
Btu
kWh
hr
hr
Btu
kWh
t Q t Unit Cost
3412
8
3108 07 . 0 $
cos

!0"51
1.&4 Consider a person standing in a room maintained at +$,C at all times. The inner surfaces
of the "alls- floors- and ceiling of the house are obser%ed to be at an a%erage temperature
of 1+,C in "inter and +#,C in summer. Determine the rates of radiation heat transfer
bet"een this person and the surrounding surfaces in both summer and "inter if the
e8posed surface area- emissi%ity- and the a%erage outer surface temperature of the person
are 1.& m
+
- $.'5- and #+,C- respecti%ely.
(o compute this ra#iation heat trans!er we assume that the person in the room is a sma$$ ob@ect in
a $arge enc$osure% *or this situation we can use euation 1%27 !or the ra#iation heat trans!er%
( )
4 4
surfaces person
T T A Q

&e are gi+en the !o$$owing #ata: (person , -2

o
C , -0/%1/ 0. (sur!aces , 12
o
C , 27/%1/ 0 in the winter
an# 2-
o
C , 296%1/ 0 in the summer. 3 , 1%6 m
2
. an# , 0%9/% (he Ste!an"8o$tAmann constant.
, /%670>10
"7
&1m
2
20
6
% Substituting these +a$ues into the ra#iation euation gi+es the !o$$owing
heat trans!er +a$ues%
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ]
4 4
4 2
8
2 4 4
15 . 296 15 . 305
10 670 . 5
6 . 1 95 . 0 K K
K m
W x
m T T A Q
surfaces person summer

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ]
4 4
4 2
8
2 4 4
int
15 . 285 15 . 305
10 670 . 5
6 . 1 95 . 0 K K
K m
W x
m T T A Q
surfaces person er w

W Q
summer
3 . 84

W Q
er w
3 . 177
int

Note that the room temperature +a$ue o! 20

0
C is irre$e+ant in this prob$em where we are on$y
computing the ra#iation heat trans!er% In a rea$ situation we wou$# a$so compute the con+ecti+e
heat trans!er !rom the personBs bo#y to the room air at a temperature o! 20
o
C%
1.&& /or heat transfer purposes- a standing man can be modeled as a #$-cm-diameter- 1$-cm-
long %ertical cylinder "ith both the top and bottom surfaces insulated and "ith the side
surface at an a%erage temperature of #4,C. /or a con%ection heat transfer coefficient of +$
()m
+
,C- determine the rate of heat loss from this man by con%ection in an en%ironment at
16,C.
Here we use the basic euation !or con+ecti+e heat trans!er% &e ta'e the temperature #i!!erence
as (person ) (

to get the heat !$ow !rom the person to the en+ironment%

) (

T T hA Q
person

*rom the gi+en #ata we ha+e h , 20 &1m

2
2
o
C. an# (person ) (

, -6
o
C ) 17
o
C , 16
o
C% Since we
are gi+en that the en#s o! the cy$in#er are insu$ate# the area a+ai$ab$e !or heat trans!er is the ares
o! the si#e o! the cy$in#er: 3 , CL , 40%- m541%7 m5 , 1%602 m
2
% Substituting these +a$ues into
the heat trans!er euation gi+es the #esire# so$ution%
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( )( )

C m
C m
W
T T hA Q
o
o
person
16 602 . 1
20
) (
2
2

513 W
1.6 9 transistor "ith a height of $.4 cm and a diameter of $.&
cm is mounted on a circuit board. The transistor is
cooled by air flo"ing o%er it "ith an a%erage heat
transfer coefficient of #$ ()m
+
,C. :f the air temperature
is 55,C and the transistor case temperature is not to
e8ceed $,C- determine the amount of po"er this
transistor can dissipate safely. Disregard any heat
transfer from the transistor base. ./igure at right ta!en
from 1engel- Heat and Mass Transfer.2
(he basic i#ea here is that the power #issipate# by the
transistor is the heat trans!er that has to be con+ecte# to the
air at //
o
CD so. we can use the basic euation !or con+ecti+e
heat trans!er% &e ta'e the temperature #i!!erence as (transistor
) (

to get the heat !$ow !rom the transistor to the

en+ironment%
) (

T T hA Q
transistor

*rom the gi+en #ata we ha+e h , -0 &1m

2
2
o
C. an# (transistor ) (

, 70
o
C ) //
o
C , 1/
o
C% Since we
are gi+en that the base o! the transistor is neg$igib$e. area a+ai$ab$e !or heat trans!er is the area o!
the si#e o! top o! the transistor that we wi$$ assume is a cy$in#er: 3 , CL E C
2
16 , 40%006 m5
40%006 m5 E 40%006 m5
2
, 0%00010-7 m
2
% Substituting these +a$ues into the heat trans!er
euation gi+es the #esire# so$ution%
( )( )

C m
C m
W
T T hA Q
o
o
transistor
15 0001037 . 0
30
) (
2
2

0"0#67 W
1.'5 Consider a person standing in a room at +#,C Determine the total rate of heat transfer
from this person if the e8posed surface area and the s!in temperature of the person are 1.
m
+
and #+,C- respecti%ely- and the con%ection heat transfer coefficient is 5 ()m+;,C. Ta!e
the emissi%ity of the s!in and the clothes to be $.'- and assume the temperature of the
inner surfaces of the room to be the same as the air temperature.
(his is a combination o! the wor' we #i# in prob$ems 1%66. where we consi#ere# on$y ra#iation.
an# 1%66. where we consi#ere# on$y con+ection% Here we #o the wor' o! both prob$ems an# a##
the resu$ts to get the tota$ heat trans!er%
( )
4 4
) (
surfaces person person rad conv
T T A T T hA Q Q Q + +


*rom the gi+en #ata we ha+e 3 , 1%7 m
2
. , 0%9. h , / &1m
2
2
o
C. an# (person ) (

, -2
o
C ) 2-
o
C ,
9
o
C. so that (person , -0/%1/ 0 an# (sur!aces , (

, 296%1/ 0% (he Ste!an"8o$tAmann constant. ,

/%670>10
"7
&1m
2
20
6
% Substituting these +a$ues into the heat trans!er euation gi+es the #esire#
so$ution%
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( ) [ ]
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ]
1
1
]
1

4 4
4 2
8
2
2
4 4
15 . 296 15 . 305
10 670 . 5
9 . 0 9
5
7 . 1
) (
K K
K m
W x
C
C m
W
m
T T T T h A Q
o
o
surfaces person person

% 161 W
1.1$1 9 1$$$-( iron is left on the iron board "ith its base e8posed to the air at +$,C. The
con%ection heat transfer coefficient bet"een the base surface and the surrounding air is
#5 ()m
+
;,C. :f the base has an emissi%ity of $.& and a surface area of $.$+ m
+
- determine
the temperature of the base of the iron.
(his is another prob$em where we ha+e both con+ection an# ra#iation% &e compute each mo#e
o! heat trans!er then a## the two the get the tota$ heat trans!er% Here we 'now the tota$ heat
trans!er is 1000 &. the heat pro#uce# by the iron% &hat we #o not 'now is the sur!ace
temperature o! the iron% 3s usua$ we assume that the iron is a sma$$ item in a $arge enc$osure to
get the euation !or ra#iation heat trans!er%
( )
4 4
) ( 1000
surfaces iron iron rad conv
T T A T T hA Q Q W Q + +


*rom the gi+en #ata we ha+e 3 , 0%02 m
2
. , 0%6. h , -/ &1m
2
2
o
C. an# (

, 20
o
C% &e are not
gi+en the sur!aces o! the room !or ra#iation. but we can assume that they are the same as the air
temperature so that (sur!aces , 20
o
C , 29-%1/ 0% (he Ste!an"8o$tAmann constant. , /%670>10
"7

&1m
2
20
6
% Substituting these +a$ues into the heat trans!er euation gi+es the #esire# so$ution%
Note that we ha+e to use 0e$+in temperatures !or the con+ection term in this combine#
con+ection"ra#iation prob$em with an un'nown temperature% I! we #i# not #o this we wou$# ha+e
an inconsistent +ariab$e !or the un'nown temperature o! the iron%
( ) [ ]
( ) ( ) ( ) [ ]

'

4 4
4 2
8
2
2
4 4
15 . 293
10 670 . 5
6 . 0 15 . 293
35
02 . 0
) ( 1000
K T
K m
W x
K T
C m
W
m
T T T T h A W Q
iron iron
o
surfaces iron iron

&e cannot so$+e this euation #irect$y. but we can use a root !in#er in our ca$cu$ator or in a
so!tware app$ication $i'e :>ce$. ;at$ab or ::S% Fsing the GHoa$ See'I too$ o! :>ce$ to so$+e this
euation gi+es the resu$t that Tir&n % 9#7"0# ' % 67#
&
("
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