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IIT-JEE 2003 Mains Questions & Solutions - Maths
(The questions are based on memory)


Break-up of questions:


Algebra Trigonometry Co-ordinate Geometry Calculus Vector/3D
8 1 1 8 2


1. Prove that
1 2
1 2
1
1
z z
z z

<

if |z
1
| < 1 < |z
2
|
[2]
Sol. T.P.T.
1 2
1 2
1
1
z z
z z

<

or, T.P.T.
| | | 1 |
1 2 2 1
z z z z <


or, T.P.T.
( )( ) ( )( )
1 2 1 2 2 1 2 1
1 1 z z z z z z z z <


or, T.P.T.
0 | | | | | | | | 1
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
1
< + z z z z

or, T.P.T.
( ) ( ) 0 | | 1 | | | | 1
2
2
2
1
2
1
< + z z z

or, T.P.T.
( )( ) 0 | | 1 | | 1
2
2
2
1
< z z

Which is true because of |z
1
| < 1 < |z
2
|


2. P(x) is a polynomial function such that P(1) = 0, P(x) > P(x), x > 1. Prove that
P(x) > 0, x > 1
[2]
Sol. P(x) P(x) > 0, x > 1

( ) ( ) 0 . >

x P e x P e
x x
, x > 1 (multiplying by
x
e

which is +ve)

( ) ( ) 1 , 0 . > >

x x p e
dx
d
x

e
x
.P(x) is an increasing function of x, x [1, ) (as P(x) being
polynomial function is a continuous function).
Thus for x > 1
e
x
.P(x) > e
1
.P(1)
e
x
.P(x) > 0, as P(1) = 0
P(x) > 0. (as
x
e

+ve)

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3. If
a b c
A b c a
c a b
1
1

1
1
]
, abc =1,
T
A A I , then find the value of a
3
+ b
3
+ c
3
.
[2]
Sol. I A A
T

(det A) (det A
T
) = 1 (det A)
2
= 1 det A = t 1.
Now det A = (a
3
+ b
3
+ c
3
3abc) = (a
3
+ b
3
+ c
3
) + 3
Thus
3 3 3
( ) 3 1 ( ) a b c k say + + + t (say)
a
3
+ b
3
+ c
3
= 3 k = 2 or 4.

4. Find the point on x
2
+ 2y
2
= 6, which is nearest to the line x + y = 7.
[2]
Sol. Let P (
6
cos,
3
sin) be the
required point
Tangent at P should be of slope =
1 (slope of the line x + y = 7)
Now x
2
+ 2y
2
= 6
x + 2y
dy
dx
=
0

y
x
dx
dy
2



1
3 6
2 2
+
y x
x

y

x + y = 7



1 cot
2
1
sin 3 2
cos 6

1
]
1

P
dx
dy

cot =
2

sin =
1
3
, cos =
2
3
(as P lies in the Ist quadrant)
Then
( ) 1 , 2
3
1
. 3 ,
3
2
. 6

,
_

P

5. Prove that
( )

,
_

,
_

,
_

,
_

,
_

,
_

,
_

k
n k n
k
n
k
n n
k
n n
k k k
0
1 ........
1
1
1
2
0
2
1
where
m
n
C
m
n

,
_

.
[2]
Sol.
( )
k k k
k
n n
k
n n
1 ....
1
1
1
2
0
2
1

,
_

,
_

,
_

,
_

,
_

,
_

0
k n
k
n

= coefficient of x
k
in
1
0 1
(1 2 ) (1 2 ) .............
n n n n
C x C x x

1 + + +
]

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= coefficient of x
k
in
[ ] (1 2 ) ( )
n
x x +

= coefficient of x
k
in (1 + x)
n

=
n
C
k
.

6. If
, 2 | | <
i
a
I {1, 2, 3., n}. Prove that for no z, |z| <
1
3
and
1
1

n
i
i
i
z a
can
occur simultaneously.
[2]
Sol.
| | 1
i
i
i
i
Z a Z a


| | ....... | | | | | | 1
3
3
2
2 1
n
n
Z a Z a Z a Z a + + + +

<
( )
n
Z Z Z Z | | ...... | | | | | | 2
3 2
+ + + +

1 + |Z| + |Z|
2
+ |Z|
3
+.. + |Z|
n
> 3/2

Case I

|Z| < 1
1 + |Z| + |Z|
2
+ .. > 3/2

2
3
| | 1
1
>
Z

2 > 3 3 |Z|
|Z| > 1/3

Case II

|Z| 1, then
obviously, |Z| < 1/3 is not possible
Hence |Z| < 1/3 and
1
1

n
i
i
i
z a
can not occur simultaneously for any a
i
, |a
i
| < 2.

7. If
[ ] R a a f 2 , 2 :
be an odd function such that left hand derivative at x = a is
zero and f(x) = f(2a x), x (a, 2a), then find left hand derivative of f at x = a.

[2]
Sol. f (a-) =
( ) ( )
0
0

+

h
a f h a f
Lt
h , x (0, 2a)
Now f (a-) =
( ) ( )
h
a f h a f
Lt
h
+

0


( ) ( )
h
a f h a f
Lt
h
+

0 , f is an odd function.
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=
( ) ( )
h
a f h a f
Lt
h
+ +

0
, f(x) = f(2a x), x (a, 2a)
=
( ) ( )
0
0

+

h
a f h a f
Lt
h

8. If f(x) is an even function, then prove that
( ) ( ) xdx x f xdx x f cos 2 sin 2 cos 2 cos
4 /
0
2 /
0

[2]
Sol.
( ) dx x x f I cos 2 cos
2 /
0

( ) ( ) ( )dx x x f I

2 / cos 2 / 2 cos
2 /
0


( ) xdx x f I sin 2 cos
2 /
0

, as f is even

( )( )dx x x x f I sin cos 2 cos 2
2 /
0
+

=
( ) ( )dx x x f 4 / sin 2 cos 2
2 /
0
+

=
( ) ( ) ( )dt t t f cos 2 2 / cos 2
4 /
4 /

+
,
t x +

+
2 4

=
( ) tdt t f cos 2 sin 2
4 /
4

( ) tdt t f I cos 2 sin 2
4 /
0

( ) xdx x f I cos 2 sin 2
4 /
0

.

9. A person has to go through three successive tests. Probability of his passing first
exam is P. Probability of passing successive tests is P or P/2 according as he
passed the last test or not. He is selected if he passes at least two tests. Find the
probability of his selection.
[2]
Sol. Person is selected if either he passes all the tests or exactly two of the tests.
P (passing all the tests) = P.P.P = P
3

Probability of passing two tests
= P(first two tests) + P(first and third tests) + P(second and third tests)
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= P.P.(1P) + P.(1 P). (1 )
2 2
P P
P P +
= P
2
(1 P) +
2 2
1 1
(1 ) (1 )
2 2
P P P P +
= 2P
2
(1 P)
Thus required probability = P
3
+ 2 P
2
(1 P) = 2P
2
P
3
.

10. In a combat between A, B and C, A tries to hit B and C, and B and C try to hit A.
Probability of A, B and C hitting the targets are 2/3, 1/2, and 1/3 respectively. If A
is hit, find the probability that B hits A and C does not.
[2]
Sol. The required probability is given by

( )
( ) ( )
( ) ) ( ). | ( ) ( ). | ( ) ( ). | ( ) ( |
. |
|
C B P C B A P BC P BC A P C B P C B A P C B P C B A P
C B P C B A P
A C B P
+ + +



=
3
2
2
1
0
3
1
2
1
. 1
3
1
2
1
. 1
3
2
2
1
. 1
3
2
2
1
. 1
+ + +

=
6
1
6
1
3
1
3
1
+ +
=
2
1


11. Three normals with slopes m
1
, m
2
and m
3
are drawn from a point P not on the axis
of the parabola y
2
= 4x. If m
1
m
2
= , results in the locus of P being a part of the
parabola, find the value of .
[4]
Sol. Any normal of slope m to the
parabola
y
2
= 4x is
y = mx 2m m
3
(1)
If it passes through (h, k), then
k = mh 2m m
3

m
3
+ (2 h)m + k = 0 (2)
Thus m
1
m
2
m
3
= k.
Now m
1
m
2
= m
3
=

k

Now m
3
satisfies (2), so

( ) 0 2
3
+

3
k
k
h
k



P(h, k)
m
1
m
2
m
3
x

y


k
3
+ (2 h)k
2
k
3
= 0
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Thus locus of P is
y
3
+ (2 x)y
2
y
3
= 0
y
2
+ (2 x)
2

3
= 0, as y 0 (P does not lie on the axis of the parabola)
y
2
=
2
x 2
2
+
3

If it is a part of the parabola y
2
= 4x, then
2
= 4 and 2
2
+
3
= 0
= 2

12. Let f : [0, 4] R be a differentiable function
(i) For some a, b (0, 4), show that f
2
(4) f
2
(0) = 8f(a).f (b)
(ii) Show that
4
2 2
0
( ) 2 ( ) ( ) f t dt f f 1 +
]
, for some 0 < ; < 2.
[4]
Sol. (i) Using mean value theorem, there exists b (0, 4) such that
f (b) =
( ) ( )
4
0 4 f f
(1)
Now
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) 4 0 4
4
0 4
0 4
2 2
+

f f
f f
f f

From (1)

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 4 0 4 0 4
2 2
+ f f b f f f

Hence it is sufficient to prove that

( ) ( )
( ) a f
f f

+
2
4 0

Range of function f must contain the interval
( ) ( ) [ ] 4 , 0 f f
or
( ) ( ) [ ] 0 , 4 f f

according as
f(0) f(4) or f(0) f(4)
Now
( ) ( )
2
4 0 f f +
is the mean value of f(0) and f(4)

( ) ( )

,
_

+
2
4 0 f f
range of the function
a [0, 4] for which
( )
( ) ( )
2
4 0 f f
a f
+

. Hence proved.
(ii) Let
dx x dt x t x t 2
2

.
Thus
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

f dx x xf dt t f
4
0
2
0
2
0 2 2 2
for some (0, 2), (using mean value
theorem for definite integral of a differentiable function).
Thus
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

+
4
0
2 f f dt t f

=
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 + f f
, where = = .

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13. If I
n
represents area of nsided regular polygon inscribed in a unit circle and O
n

the area of the nsided regular polygon circumscribing it, prove that
1
1
]
1

,
_

+
2
2
1 1
2 n
I O
I
n n
n

[4]
Sol.
n I
n
2
area of OA
1
I
1

=
1 1 1
2
1
2 OI I A n

=
n n
n

cos sin

=
n
n 2
sin
2
.

n O
n
2
area of OB
1
O
1



A
1
I
1
B
1
O
1
A
1
OI
1
= /n
O


=
1 1 1
2
1
2 O O B n
O
=
1 tan

n
n
=
n
n

tan

Now R.H.S. =
1
1
]
1

,
_

+
2
2
1 1
2 n
I O
n n


=
1
]
1

+
n
O
n
2
sin 1 1
2
2
=
1
]
1

+
n
O
n
2
cos 1
2

=
n
O
n

2
cos 2
2
=
n
O
n

2
cos .

=
n n
n

2
cos . tan
=
n
n 2
sin
2
= I
n
.
Hence proved

14. Find the equation of the plane passing through (2, 1, 0); (4, 1, 1); (5, 0, 1). Find
the point Q such that its distance from the plane is equal to the distance of point
P(2, 1, 6) from the plane and the line joining P and Q is perpendicular to the
plane.
[4]
Sol. Let equation of the plane be
ax + by + cz + d = 0 (1)

(1) passes through the points (2, 1, 0); (4, 1, 1); (5, 0, 1)
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a = d/3; b = d/3; c =
2
3
d
x + y 2z 3 = 0 (2)
which is the required equation of the plane
obviously Q is the image of P in the plane. It is easy to see that Q (6, 5, 2)

15. If
w v u , ,
be three noncoplanar unit vectors with angles between
u
and
v
is ,
between
v
and
w
is and between
w
and
u
is . If
c b a

, ,
are the unit vectors
along angle bisectors of , , respectively, then
prove that
[ ] [ ]

,
_

,
_

,
_

2
sec
2
sec
2
sec
16
1
, ,
2 2 2 2
w v u a c c b b a

.
[4]
Sol.
( )
| 2 / cos | 2

v u
a

( )
| 2 / cos | 2

w v
b

( )
| 2 / cos | 2

u w
c

[ ] [ ]
2
, , , , c b a a c c b b a

( ) ( ) ( )( )
2
| 2 / cos . 2 / cos . 2 / cos | 8
.
1
]
1

+ + +

u w w v v u

=
[ ]
( ) ( ) ( ) 2 / sec . 2 / sec . 2 / sec
16

2 2 2
2

w v u


16. If a, b and c are in arithmetic progression and a
2
, b
2
and c
2
are in Harmonic
progression, then prove that either a = b = c or a, b and c/2 are in Geometric
Progression.
[4]

Sol. Given that 2b = a + c (1)
a
2
, b
2
, c
2
are in H.P.
and
2 2
2 2
2
2
c a
c a
b
+

(2)
From (2) ac b
c a
b
2 4
2
2
2 2
2

, using (1)
(ac b
2
) (ac + 2b
2
) = 0
b
2
= ac or 2b
2
= ac.
Case I: b
2
= ac

ac
c a

,
_

+
2
2
, using (1)
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a = c
a = b = c, as a, b, c are in A.P.
Case II: 2b
2
= ac
a, b, c/2 are in G.P. (one of the possibilities)

17. Tangents are drawn from P(6, 8) to the circle x
2
+ y
2
= r
2
. Find the radius of the
circle such that the area of the formed by tangents and chord of contact is
maximum.
[4]
Sol.
PS
r
tan

=
2
100 r
r

10
sin
r




(6, 8)
r

O

S


M

P

(0, 0)
N

r



10
100
cos
2
r


Area of PSM =
2
1
SM PN
=
1
2
.2SN PN = SN PN
= SPsin SPcos
=
( ) cos sin 100
2
2
r

=
( )
10
100
10
100
2
2
r r
r

=
( )
100
100
2 / 3
2
r r


( ) ( )
( )
0
100
100
2 100
2
3
.
100
1
2 / 3
2
2 / 1
2

+
r
r r r
dr
d


( ) ( ) 0 100 3 100
2 2
2 / 1
2
+ r r r
, r 10 as P is outside the circle.
4r
2
= 100 r
2
= 25 r = 5
Thus for r = 5, would be maximum.

18. x
2
+ (a b)x + (1 a b) = 0, a, b R. Find the condition on a, for which both
roots of the equation are real and unequal.
[4]
Sol. For real and unequal roots, D > 0
(a b)
2
4(1 a b) > 0, b R
b
2
2ab + 4b + a
2
+ 4a 4 > 0, b R
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b
2
2(a 2)b +a
2
+ 4a 4 > 0, b R
4(a 2)
2
4 (a
2
+ 4a 4) < 0
a
2
4a + 4 a
2
4a + 4 < 0
8a > 8 a > 1.

19. Using 2(1 cosx) x, x [0, /4] or otherwise prove that sin(tanx) x, x
[0, /4]
[4]
Sol. Let f(x) = sinx tan
1
x
f (x) = cosx
2
1
1
x +
Now in the first quadrant cosx is concave down and
2
1
1 x +
is concave up,
hence f (x) 0.
Thus f is an increasing function.
Hence f(x) f(0), x 0, x 1
sinx tan
1
x.
on replacing x by tanx, we get
sin(tanx) x.
Hence proved.

20. An inverted cone of height H, and radius R is pointed at bottom. It is filled with a
volatile liquid completely. If the rate of evaporation is directly proportional to the
surface area of the liquid in contact with air (constant of proportionality k > 0).
Find the time in which whole liquid evaporates.
[4]
Sol.
h
r
H
R

R
Hr
h


2
r k
dt
dv



2 2
3
1
r k h r
dt
d

,
_

R

h

r

H



2
3
3Kr
R
H r
dt
d

,
_

H
R
k
dt
dr





t
R
dt
H
kR
dr
0
0

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R =
t
H
KR

k
H
t