Basic Formulae (Series)
Basic Formulae (Series)
Basic Formulae
1.
Square Formula (2 variables) (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2 (a - b)2 = a2 - 2ab + b2 Square Formula (3 variables) (a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca Cube Formula (2 variables) (a + b)3 = a3 + b3 + 3a2b + 3ab2 = a3 + b3 + 3ab(a + b) a3 + b3 = (a + b)3 3ab(a + b) = (a + b) [(a + b)2 3ab] = (a + b) (a2 ab + b2) (a - b)3 = a3 - b3 - 3a2b + 3ab2 = a3 - b3 - 3ab(a - b)
2.
3.
Cube Formula (3 variables) (a + b + c)3 = a3 + b3 + c3 + 3ab(a + b) + 3bc(b + c) + 3ca(c + a) + 6abc (a3 + b3 +c3) 3abc = (a + b + c) (a2 + b2 + c2 ab bc - ca)
5.
Important Formulae
Series
1. Triangular Numbers 1 + 2 + 3 + + n 1 (a). =
1 (b).
Even Series 2 + 4 + 6 + .. + 2n
n(n + 1)
2. Series of Squares 12 + 22 + 32 + .. + n2 or alternatively 1 + 4 + 9 + .. = 2 (a). Sum of squares of first n odd numbers 12 + 32 + 52 + 72 + . = 2 (b). Sum of squares of first n even numbers 22 + 42 + 62 + .. = 4(sum of squares of first n terms)
Important Formulae
3. Series of Cubes 13 + 23 + 33 + .. + n3 or alternatively 1 + 8 + 27 + .. = 3 (a). Sum of cubes of first n odd numbers 13 + 33 + 53 + 73 + . = n2(2n2 1) Sum of squares of first n even numbers 23 + 43 + 63 + 83 .. = 2{n(n + 1)}2
3 (b).
4. Mix Form 13 23 + 33 43 + 53 - . + n3 (i) (ii) If n is odd If n is even = = a2(4a 3) - a2(4a + 3) where a = where a =
{n or
}
}
{9n - 1 +
Important Formulae
1 + 11 + 111 +
6. Sum of multiplying series 12 + 23 + 34 + 45 + + n(n +1) or 12 + 23 + 34 + 45 + + n(n +1) = (here n = terms; like in even and odd series)