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Positive Displacement Pumps

Positive displacement pumps impart energy to the pumped fluid by trapping a fixed volume of fluid and pushing it from the inlet to the outlet against pressure. They are suitable for low flow, high pressure applications like pumping viscous fluids. Reciprocating pumps use pistons or plungers that move back and forth, while rotary pumps have rotating elements like gears, lobes or screws. Common types include gear pumps, lobe pumps, screw pumps, vane pumps, and plunger pumps. Displacement pumps are capable of high pressures but require net positive suction head to overcome friction and avoid cavitation.

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2K views17 pages

Positive Displacement Pumps

Positive displacement pumps impart energy to the pumped fluid by trapping a fixed volume of fluid and pushing it from the inlet to the outlet against pressure. They are suitable for low flow, high pressure applications like pumping viscous fluids. Reciprocating pumps use pistons or plungers that move back and forth, while rotary pumps have rotating elements like gears, lobes or screws. Common types include gear pumps, lobe pumps, screw pumps, vane pumps, and plunger pumps. Displacement pumps are capable of high pressures but require net positive suction head to overcome friction and avoid cavitation.

Uploaded by

engkhalood
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Positive

Displacement Pumps
By/Eng. Khaled Soliman
Definition of Displacement
Pump

It is a pump which imparts energy to the
pumpage (the material pumped) by trapping
a fixed volume at suction (inlet) conditions,
compressing it to discharge pressure, then
pushing it into the discharge (outlet) line.
A displacement pump does not rely on velocity
to achieve pumping action, as does a
centrifugal pump or ejector.
Uses and Applications
Displacement pumps serve primarily in
applications of low capacity and high
pressure, those mostly beyond the
capabilities of centrifugal pumps. Some of
these services could be performed by
centrifugals, but not without an increase in
power requirements and/or maintenance.
Displacement pumps achieve high pressures
with low pumpage velocities.
It is suitable to pumped abrasive or viscous
slurries as powdered coal to peanut butter.

Net Positive Suction Head

Net positive suction head (NPSH), also called
net positive inlet pressure (NPIP)&net inlet
pressure (NIP)
NPSH is the difference between suction
pressure and vapor pressure, at the pump
suction nozzle, when the pump is running.
It is the energy in the liquid required to
overcome the friction losses from the suction
nozzle to the eye of the impeller without
causing vaporization.
Net Positive Suction Head in
displacement pumps
In a reciprocating pump, NPSH is required to push
the suction valve from its seat and to overcome
the friction losses and acceleration head within
the pump liquid end.
In a rotary pump, NPSH is required to push the
pumpage into the cavities created by the
pumping elements.
If sufficient NPSH is not provided by the system,
the pumpage will begin to flash (boil) as it flows
into the pump.
The vapor will cause a deterioration of pump
performance.
This is called cavitation damage. The shock
created by the bubble collapse may be severe
Reciprocating Pump

A reciprocating pump is a displacement pump
which reciprocates the pumping element
(piston, plunger, or diaphragm).
The capacity of a reciprocating pump is
proportional to its speed, and is relatively
independent of discharge pressure.


Power Pump
It is one that reciprocates the pumping element
with a crankshaft or camshaft .It requires a driver
which has a rotating shaft, such as a motor,
engine, or turbine.







 Horizantal Power Pump


Direct-acting Pump
It is a reciprocating pump driven by a fluid
which has a differential pressure. The motive
fluid pushes on a piston (or diaphragm) which
pushes the pumping element through a rod
(or directly on the pumpage).

Rotary Pumps

It are displacement pumps which have rotating
pumping elements, such as gears, lobes,
screws, vanes, or rollers. They do not contain
inlet and outlet check valves, as do
reciprocating pumps.
Because of the close clearances, the pumpage
must be clean.

Gear pump
Both external- and internal-gear rotary pumps
are used in lubrication systems of engines,
compressors, and larger pumps.
Lobe Pump
Lobe pumps are similar in construction and
pumping action to external gear pumps.
The lobes are often made of elastomers, and
operate at low speeds.
It are used to transfer delicate items such as
cherries and other foods and even live fish.

 Three Lobe Pump



Screw Pump
Screw pumps are constructed with one, two, or
three screws.
The single-screw pump is more commonly
called a progressing-cavity pump.
The three-screw rotary pump is a high-speed
pump used primarily for lubrication systems
on turbines, compressors, and centrifugal
pumps.


Sliding Vane
Sliding vane rotary pump. The single rotor
contains multiple vanes which slide in radial
slots. The rotor and casing are eccentric. The
vanes maintain contact with the casing by
centrifugal force and pressure..
Some sliding-vane pumps are suitable for low-
lubricity liquids such as light hydrocarbons.




Flexible Member
Some rotary pumps are built with flexible
vanes, liners, and tubes. The flexible tube
pump, also called a peristaltic pump.


Plunger Pump
In these pumps, the inner body rotates,
causing each plunger to alternately accept
pumpage from the inlet and deliver it to the
discharge port.
Rotary plunger pumps are used in hydraulic
systems to provide power to hydraulic motors
and cylinders.



Circumferential-Piston
Pump
Although sometimes considered a lobe pump,
this unit differs from the lobe unit in that
there is no close clearance between the two
rotors. Close clearance does exist, though,
between each rotor and adjacent stationary
parts.



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