CONTOH

PROGRAM Tugas 1

KONVERSI BILANGAN BINER

KE DESIMAL

Program biner;
uses wincrt;
var

a,b:array [0..10] of byte;

n,i:byte;

BEGIN
clrscr;
writeln('
Program Biner');
writeln('-----------------------------');
write ('masukkan jumlah bit:');

read (n);

for i:= n downto 0 do

begin
write ('a[',i,'] = ');readln(a[i]);
end;

writeln('-----------------------------');
writeln('');
b[n]:=a[n];
writeln ('b[',n,']=',b[n]);
for i:= n-1 downto 0 do
begin
b[i]:=a[i]+2*b[i+1];
writeln ('b[',i,']=',b[i]);
b[i+1]:=b[i];
end;
writeln('-----------------------------');
writeln;
write('Bilangan yang akan dikonversi = ');
write('[');
for i:=n downto 0 do
begin
write (a[i]);
end;
writeln(']2');
writeln('');
write('Hasil Konversinya = ',b[i])
readln;
END.

15

Contoh
Program Tugas 2

Tabel Selisih Berhingga

PROGRAM SELISIH_BERHINGGA;
uses wincrt;
var
f,df,d2f,d3f : array[1..100] of integer;
i,n
: integer;
begin
clrscr;
writeln('f(x):=x^3-3x+6x+9');
write('Masukkan n = ');readln(n);
writeln('---------------------------------------------------');
writeln('x
f(x)
df(x)
d2f(x)
d3f(x)
');
writeln('---------------------------------------------------');
for i:=0 to n do
begin
f[i]:=i*i*i-3*i+6*i+9;
gotoxy(1,6+2*i);
writeln(i);
gotoxy(5,6+2*i);
writeln('f(',i,')= ',f[i]);
end;
for i:=0 to n-1 do
begin
df[i]:=f[i+1]-f[i];
gotoxy(16,6+(2*i)+1);
writeln('df(',i,')= ',df[i]);
end;
for i:=0 to n-2 do
begin
d2f[i]:=df[i+1]-df[i];
gotoxy(28,6+(2*i)+2);
writeln('d2f(',i,')= ',d2f[i]);
end;
for i:=0 to n-3 do
begin
d3f[i]:=d2f[i+1]-d2f[i];
gotoxy(42,6+(2*i)+3);
writeln('d3f(',i,')= ',d3f[i]);
end;
gotoxy(1,15+(2*i));
writeln('---------------------------------------------------');
end.

16

Contoh
program Tugas 3

Tabel Selisih Bagi

PROGRAM SELISIH_BAGI;
uses wincrt;
var
x,y : array[1..100] of integer;
sb1y,sb2y,sb3y : array[1..100] of real;
i,n
: integer;
BEGIN
clrscr;
write('Jumlah data: ');readln(n);
writeln('Masukkan datanya');
for i:=0 to n do
begin
gotoxy(1,4+i);
write('x[',i,']:'); readln(x[i]);
end;
for i:=0 to n do
begin
gotoxy(10,4+i);
write('y[',i,']:'); readln(y[i]);
end;
clrscr;
writeln('---------------------------------------------------');
writeln('i
x
y
sb1y
sb2y
sb3y
');
writeln('---------------------------------------------------');
for i:=0 to n do
begin
gotoxy(1,4+2*i);
writeln(i);
gotoxy(5,4+2*i);
writeln(x[i]);
gotoxy(12,4+2*i);
writeln(y[i]);
end;
for i:=0 to n-1 do
begin
sb1y[i]:=(y[i+1]-y[i])/(x[i+1]-x[i]);
gotoxy(18,4+2*i+1);
writeln(' ',sb1y[i]:4:2);
end;
for i:=0 to n-2 do
begin
sb2y[i]:=(sb1y[i+1]-sb1y[i])/(x[i+2]-x[i]);;
gotoxy(30,4+2*i+2);
writeln(' ',sb2y[i]:4:2);
end;
for i:=0 to n-3 do
begin
sb3y[i]:=(sb2y[i+1]-sb2y[i])/(x[i+3]-x[i]);
gotoxy(42,4+2*i+3);

17

writeln(' ',sb3y[i]:4:2);
end;
gotoxy(1,4+2*n+2);
writeln('---------------------------------------------------');
gotoxy(1,4+2*n+3);
writeln('Ket: sb1y = selisih bagi tingkat 1 untuk fungsi y');
END.

18

Contoh

Metode Biseksi (Bagi dua)

Program Tugas 4
PROGRAM BISEKSI;
uses wincrt;
var
a,b,m,fa,fb,fm
i,n

: real;
: integer;

Function F(x:real) : real;

begin
F:=sqr(x*x)-2*x-5;
end;
BEGIN
writeln('
Program Biseksi');
write('batas kiri a:');readln(a);
write('batas kanan b:');readln(b);
writeln('----------------------------------------------------------------------------');
writeln(' i
a
b
m
fa
fb
fm
');
writeln('----------------------------------------------------------------------------');
i:=0;
repeat
m:=(a+b)/2;
fa:=F(a);
fb:=F(b);
fm:=F(m);
writeln( ' ',i,'');
gotoxy(7,i+7);
write(a:3:3) ;writeln(' ');
gotoxy(15,i+7);
write(b:3:3) ;writeln(' ');
gotoxy(23,i+7);
write(m:3:3) ;writeln(' ');
gotoxy(32,i+7);
write(fa:11:7);writeln(' ');
gotoxy(48,i+7);
write(fb:11:7);writeln(' ');
gotoxy(61,i+7);
write(fm:11:7);writeln(' ');
if fm*fb>0 then b:=m else a:=m;
i:=i+1;
until abs(fm) <=10e-4;
writeln('-------------------------------------------------------------------------');
writeln;
writeln('Jadi Akar-akarnya =',m:3:3);
readln;
END.

19

Contoh
Program Tugas 5

Metode Regula Falsi

PROGRAM REGULA_FALSI;
uses wincrt;
var
a,b,c,fa,fb,fc
: real;
i,n
: integer;
Function F(x:real) : real;
begin
F:=sqr(x)-5*x+4;
end;
BEGIN
writeln('
PROGRAM REGULA FALSI');
write('batas kiri a:');readln(a);
write('batas kanan b:');readln(b);
writeln('----------------------------------------------------------------------------');
writeln(' i
a
b
c
fa
fb
fc
');
writeln('----------------------------------------------------------------------------');
i:=0;
repeat
fa:=F(a);
fb:=F(b);
c:=b-fb*(b-a)/(fb-fa));
fc:=F(c);
if fc*fb>0 then b:=c else a:=c;
writeln( ' ',i,'');
gotoxy(7,i+7);
write(a:3:3) ;writeln(' ');
gotoxy(15,i+7);
write(b:3:3) ;writeln(' ');
gotoxy(23,i+7);
write(c:3:3) ;writeln(' ');
gotoxy(32,i+7);
write(fa:11:7);writeln(' ');
gotoxy(48,i+7);
write(fb:11:7);writeln(' ');
gotoxy(61,i+7);
write(fc:11:7);writeln(' ');
i:=i+1;
until abs(fc) <=1.0e-4;
writeln('-----------------------------------------------------------------------------');
writeln;
writeln('Jadi Akar-akarnya =',c:3:3);
readln;
END.

20

CONTOH
Praktikum Tugas 6

REGULAFALSI TERMODIFIKASI

PROGRAM REGULA_FALSI_TERMODIFIKASI;
uses wincrt;
var
a,b,c,fa,fb,fc,Ge
: real;
i,n
: integer;
Function F(x:real) : real;
begin
F:=sqr(x)-5*x+4;
end;
BEGIN
writeln('
PROGRAM REGULA FALSI TERMODIFIKASI');
WRITELN('FUNGSI F:=x^2-5x+4');
gotoxy(1,3);write('batas kiri a:');read(a);
gotoxy(24,3);write('batas kanan b:');readln(b);
writeln('-------------------------------------------------------------------------');
writeln(' i
a
b
c
Fa
Fb
Fc
');
writeln('-------------------------------------------------------------------------');
Fa:=F(a);
Fb:=F(b);
i:=0;
Repeat
c:=(a*Fb-b*Fa)/(Fb-Fa);
Fc:=F(c);
writeln( ' ',i,'');
gotoxy(7,i+7);
write(a:3:3) ;writeln(' ');
gotoxy(15,i+7);
write(b:3:3) ;writeln(' ');
gotoxy(23,i+7);
write(c:3:3) ;writeln(' ');
gotoxy(32,i+7);
write(fa:11:7);writeln(' ');
gotoxy(48,i+7);
write(fb:11:7);writeln(' ');
gotoxy(61,i+7);
write(fc:11:7);writeln(' ');
if Fa*Fc <=0 then
begin
b:=c ;
Fa:=Fa/2
end else
begin
a:=c;
Fb:=Fb/2;
end;
i:=i+1;

21

until abs(fc) <=1.0e-4;

writeln('------------------------------------------------------------------------');
writeln;
writeln('Jadi Akar-akarnya =',c:3:3);
readln;
END.

22

CONTOH
Praktikum Tugas 7

METODE ITERASI

Program metode iterasi sebagai berikut:

Program iterasi;
uses wincrt;
var x:array[0..100] of real;
b: real;
i,n:integer;
BEGIN
clrscr;
writeln('Soalnya: f(x)=sqr(x)-5*x+4');
writeln('Rumus Iterasi: x(i+1)=[x(i)^2+4]/5');
write('tebakan awal x[',i,']:=');readln(x[i]);
writeln('--------------------------------------------------------------------');
writeln('i
x(i)
x(i)^2
[x(i)^2+4]/5
x[i+1]-x[i] ');
writeln('--------------------------------------------------------------------');
i:=0;
Repeat
begin
x[i+1]:=(x[i]*x[i]+4)/5;
b:= x[i+1]-x[i];
write(i);
write('
',x[i]:4:3);
write('
',x[i]*x[i]:4:5);
write('
',(x[i+1]):5:5);
writeln('
',b:5:7);
x[i]:=x[i+1];
i:=i+1;
end;
until b<=0.00001;
writeln('-------------------------------------------------------------------');
writeln('akarnya adalah:',x[i]:4:6);
readln;
END.

23

CONTOH
Praktikum Tugas 8

METODE AITKEN (PERCEPATAN

KONVERGENSI)

PROGRAM METODE_AITKEN; {ATAU PERCEPATAN KONVERGENSI}

uses wincrt;
var
x,dx,d2x : array[0..100] of real;
i,n
: integer;
BEGIN
clrscr;
writeln('f(x):=x^2-5x+4');
write('nilai awal x[0]:');readln(x[0]);
n:=2;
writeln('Rumus Iterasi: x[i]:=(x[i-1]^2+4)/5');
writeln('---------------------------------------------------');
writeln('i
x[i]
dx[i]
d2x[i]
');
writeln('---------------------------------------------------');
for i:=0 to n do
begin
x[i]:=(sqr(x[i-1])+4)/5;
gotoxy(1,7+2*i);
write(i);
gotoxy(4,7+2*i);
writeln('x[',i,']=',x[i]:3:4);
x[i-1]:=x[i];
end;
for i:=0 to n-1 do
begin
dx[i]:=x[i]-x[i-1];
gotoxy(18,6+(2*i)+2);
writeln('dx[',i,']=',dx[i]:3:4);
end;
for i:=0 to n-2 do
begin
d2x[i]:=dx[i+1]-dx[i];
gotoxy(35,7+(2*i)+2);
writeln('d2x[',i,']=',d2x[i]:3:4);
end;
x[3]:=x[2]-(sqr(dx[1])/d2x[0]);
gotoxy(1,13+(2*i));
writeln('---------------------------------------------------');
gotoxy(1,15+2*i);
writeln('x[3]:',x[3]:3:4);
END.

24

CONTOH
Praktikum Tugas 9

METODE NEWTON RAPHSON

Program Newton_Raphson;
uses wincrt;
var
x,y,dy:array [0..100] of real;
tol:real;
i:integer;
BEGIN
clrscr;
writeln('f(x)=x^2-5x+4');
write (' Titik awal x[0]: '); readln (x[0]);
writeln('---------------------------------------------------');
writeln('i
x[i]
y(i)
dy(i)
abs(x[i]-x[i-1])');
writeln('---------------------------------------------------');
i:=1;
Repeat
y[i-1]:=sqr(x[i-1])-5*x[i-1]+4;
{fungsi f(x)}
dy[i-1]:=2*x[i-1]-5;
{turunan dari f(x)}
x[i]:=x[i-1]-(y[i-1]/dy[i-1]);{rumus Newton Raphson}
write (i-1 , ' ',x[i-1]:4:4,'
',y[i-1]:4:4,' ',dy[i-1]:4:4);
writeln('
', abs(x[i]-x[i-1]):4:7);
tol:=abs(x[i]-x[i-1]);
i:=i+1;
until i=10;
writeln('--------------------------------------------------');
writeln;
writeln('Akarnya= ',x[i-1]:3:3);
readln;
END.

25

CONTOH
Praktikum Tugas 12

FITTING DATA

PROGRAM FITTING;
uses wincrt;
var
a,b,c,d:real;
x,y:array [1..100] of real;
k1,k2:real;
i,n:integer;
begin
clrscr;
write ('n: ');readln(n);
writeln(' L
T
');
for i:= 1 to n do
begin
gotoxy (2,i+2); readln (x[i]);
gotoxy (10,i+2); readln (y[i]);
end;
a:=0; b:=0; c:=0; d:=0;
for i:= 1 to n do
begin
a:=a+x[i];
b:=b+sqr(x[i]);
c:=c+y[i];
d:=d+x[i]*y[i];
end;
writeln ('a= ',a:4:2,' b= ',b:4:2,' c= ',c:4:2,' d= ',d:4:2);
k1:=(n*d-a*c)/(n*b-sqr(a));
k2:=(c-a*k1)/n;
writeln ('Konstanta-konstanta: ');
writeln ('A=',k1:3,' B= ',k2:3);
writeln ('Pers. Hasil Fitting Liniernya adalah: ');
writeln ('y=',k1:3:2,'x+',k2:3:2);
readln;
end.

26

CONTOH
Praktikum Tugas 13

DIFERENSIASI NUMERIK

Program DEFERENSIAL2;
uses wincrt;
var
dy,dy1,dy2,dy3,dy4,dy5:real;
d2y,d2y1,f2y2,d2y3,d2y4,d2y5:real;
i,n:integer;
x,y,sy,sy1,sy2,sy3,sy4,sy5,sy6:array[1..100] of real;
begin
clrscr;
write ('n= ');readln(n);
for i:= 1 to n do
begin
gotoxy (7,i+1);
write ('x[',i,']: ');readln(x[i]);
end;
for i:= 1 to n do
begin
gotoxy (25,i+1);
write ('y[',i,']: ');readln(y[i]);
end;
clrscr;
writeln (' x
y
sy1 sy2
sy3
sy4
sy5
sy6');
for i:=1 to n do
begin
writeln (x[i]:3:1);
gotoxy (7,2+2*i);
writeln (y[i]:3:1);
end;
for i:= 1 to n-1 do
begin
sy1[i]:=(y[i+1]-y[i]);
gotoxy (16,3+2*i);
writeln (sy[i]:3:4);
end;
for i:= 1 to n-2 do
begin
sy2[i]:=(sy1[i+1]-sy1[i]);
gotoxy (22,4+2*i);
writeln (sy2[i]:3:4);
end;
for i:= 1 to n-3 do
begin
sy3[i]:=(sy2[i+1]-sy2[i]);
gotoxy (27,5+2*i);
writeln (sy3[i]:3:4);
end;
for i:= 1 to n-4 do
begin
sy4[i]:=(sy3[i+1]-sy3[i]);
gotoxy (32,6+2*i);
writeln (sy4[i]:3:4);
end;
for i:= 1 to n-5 do
begin

27

sy5[i]:=(sy4[i+1]-sy4[i]);
gotoxy (37,7+2*i);
writeln (sy5[i]:3:4);
end;
for i:= 1 to n-6 do
begin
sy6[i]:=(sy5[i+1]-sy5[i]);
gotoxy (42,8+2*i);
writeln (sy6[i]:3:4);
end;
dy1:=(sy1[i]-0.5*sy2[i]+(1/3)*sy3[i]-(1/4)*sy4[i]+(1/5)*sy5[i](1/6)*sy6[i]);
gotoxy(1,8+5*i);writeln('turunan pertama: ',dy1);
writeln('turunan kedua: ',d2y1);
end.

28

CONTOH
Praktikum Tugas 14

INTEGRASI NUMERIK

Program Integral_Trapesoid;
uses wincrt;
var
x,h,a,b,fcx,s,int:real;
i,n:integer;
cf,fx:array [1..100] of real;
function F(x:real):real;
begin
F:=3*x*x+2*x-1;
end;
begin;
clrscr;
write ('Batas awal= ');readln(a);
writeln('Batas akhir= ');readln(b);
Fx[1]:=f(0);
h:=0.25;
n:=round((b-a)/h);
for i:=2 to n do
begin
Fx[i]:=f(h);
writeln ('Fx[',i,']=',Fx[i]);
h:=h+0.25;
end;
s:=0;
for i:= 1 to n do
begin
Fcx:=s+Fx[i];
s:=Fcx;
end;
int:=(h/2)*(2*Fcx-Fx[i]-Fx[n]);
writeln;
writeln ('Integral y=',int);
readln;
end.

29