Fall 2012 Workshop

George Zhao [email protected]

Goals of the Workshop

Learn Excel tools by utilizing them in various cases Tools and materials covered here are merely a sample of Excel functionality Understand the logic and syntax behind Visual Basic

programming, which interacts with the Excel interface

No programming background required

Create dynamic algorithms to approach cases When data is changed, but retains its original format, the algorithm should be able to automatically handle the transition appropriately
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Workshop Structure
Instead of providing function and programming

syntax to memorize, this workshop emphasizes case studies, through which the skills are utilized
Cases: applicable situational tasks
Tutorials: supplemental teaching material to understand

foundational materials

Self-assessments: More relevant case study samples Encouraged to attempt them with resources Solutions will be posted
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Workshop Resources
All here: http://www.columbia.edu/~gz2165/excel.html Lesson material: LearningSlides[.pdf] Exercises Blank [.xlsx] Exercises Filled [.xlsm] Self-assessments: Assignments Solutions Recorded sessions
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Contents Overview
Case 1: Multiplication Table Case 2: Percentile Calculations Tutorial 1: Variables and Arrays

Case 3: Hello World

Tutorial 2: Functions Tutorial 3: Loops and Decisions Case 4: Gradebook Tallying

Case 5: Loop through Data

Tutorial 4: Recording Macro Case 6: Select, Pull, Display

Tutorial 5: Userform
Case 7: Subway Data All-Around Analysis
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Multiplication Table
Task: If given the following on an Excel worksheet,

how do we fill this up?

1
1 2 3 4 5

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First Task: Building the Table

Suppose we are only given one side of the table

initially:

We need 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 to be filled up on the top row,

beginning in cell B1, going rightward We also want both sets of numbers to be bolded

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Shift + Control + Arrow

Begin by selecting cell B2 Shift + Control + Down arrow to select all elements

until an empty cell (or the end of capacity limit of the worksheet) is reached
Shift + Control + (Up / Down / Left / Right) arrow all

work similarly

Control + B for bold

Control + C for copy

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Paste Special with Shortcut

Use arrow to move to cell B1 Can Right Click > Paste Special Or simply Alt + E + S Select Transpose (E)

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Where to Start
Use fixed reference cells

1
1 2 3 4 5

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1-Dimensional Fixed Reference

Example: y = (1+r)*x^2, given a fixed value r
r= x y 0.1

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
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9.9

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Show Formulas
Formulas > Show Formulas Toggle on and off between showing / not showing

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Error: No Fixing Reference

Error r=
x y -3 9.9 -2 4 -1 #VALUE! 0 0 1 5 2 #VALUE! 3 9
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0.1

1-Dimensional Fixed Reference

Fix cell reference in cells A1, B2, BB32: $A$1, $B$2,

$BB$32
r= x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
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0.1 y 9.9 4.4 1.1 0 1.1 4.4 9.9

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Deeper Look into Fixing Reference

A1: not fixing column A nor row 1 $A$1: fixing column A and row 1 $A1: fixing ONLY column A, not row 1 A$1: fixing ONLY row 1, not column A

Whatever (row and/or column) right after the $ sign is

fixed If fixing BOTH row and column, press F4 while cursor is over the reference in the formula editing
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Algorithm: Multiplication Table

Multiply the row index by the column index Do this for each cell in the row, and then for each row

1 1 2 3 4 5
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Example: Multiplication Table

Focus again on cell E4: (12 = 3 x 4) All entries on row 4: product of 3 (A4) and ___ All entries on column E: product of 4 (E1) and ___

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Think About It
Focus on any single row: We are traversing through various columns, but want to fix the first term (A4), so fix the column letter (A) Focus on any single column: We are traversing through various rows, but want to fix the second term (E1), so fix the row number (1)

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Result of Fixing
Fix the column (A) from the first reference, and the

row (1) from the second reference F2 to illustrate the formula and the references (colored)

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Shortcuts to Paste Formula

Double click on the square at the lower-right corner of

the cell This pastes the formula down the column, avoids the effort of dragging the formula down across rows

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Shortcuts to Paste Formula

Downside: wont do the same horizontally across

columns

Have to manually drag it across the columns

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Performance Evaluation
How would performance have been if we were dealing

with a 50 x 50 table instead?

Shift + Control + Down, copy, paste special (transpose)

occurs constant time Double clicking to paste to formulas down occurs constant time Manually dragging the formulas across columns depends linearly on number of columns

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Alt + Enter Pasting Method

Heres the procedure of the method: Paste the formula on one corner Paste the formula on the other corner Select all of the cells in-between to apply the same formula, using Shift + Control + arrow to get all of the wanted data Click Alt + Enter Much more useful when dealing with 1-dimensional

list than 2-dimensional table

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Alt + Enter Illustrated

Copy the formula in cell B2, paste into F6, select

everything in-between, and hit Alt + Enter Difficult to capture the desired region efficiently with the Shift + Control + arrow method

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Quick Way to Paste Formula

1 2 3 4 5 1 1 2 3 4 5 2 2 4 6 8 10 3 3 6 9 12 15 4 4 8 12 16 20 5 5 10 15 20 25

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Remarks
When fixing cell reference, think: Are we fixing the column? Are we fixing the row? Both? Neither? Alt + Enter way to paste formulas is more useful in 1-

dimensional situations

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Pseudocode: The Approach

Multiply the row index by the column index Do this for each cell in the row, and then for each row

1 1 2 3 4 5
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Actual Code Juxtaposed

Multiply the row index by the column index Do this for each cell in the row, and then for each row

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Task 1
We are given 20 x 10 matrix of all random numbers Upon supplying various integer values between 0 and

100, denoted n, give the n-th percentile of each column

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=PERCENTILE()
=PERCENTILE([array], k) Let k be within [0, 1] =PERCENTILE(A1:A10, .75) gives the 75th percentile

value of the data from A1 to A10 =PERCENTILE(B1:B10, .05) gives the 5th percentile value of the data from B1 to B10

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Right Formula?

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Need to Fix Reference

B1:B20 fix the row? Column? Both? Neither? A23/100 fix the row? Column? Both? Neither?

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B1:B20
Stores the column of data points to be analyzed Think of what happens when the formula is dragged

on to adjacent cells DO NOT want to shift down to B2:B21 and so forth fix the row references But DO want shift right to C1:C20 do not fix the column references B$1:B$20

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A23/100
Stores the k value Think of what happens when the formula is dragged

on to adjacent cells DO want to shift down to A24 do not fix row references DO NOT want to shift right to B23 fix the column references $A23/100

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Refined Formula

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Dynamic Formulas
Results updates automatically for different k values

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Task 2
Given several integers, called x, calculate the percentile

rank of those integers What percentile would these integers fit into? If x is out of the range, error would return
In that case, display a message that its out of the range

=PERCENTRANK([array], x)

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Without Error Trapping

Similar cell reference fixing as previous #N/A errors whenever: x is smaller than the minimum value in the set x is larger than the maximum value in the set

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=IF()
Returns different values given the certainty of a

condition =IF([condition],[value if true],[value if false]

=IF(1=1,"YES","NO") returns YES =IF(1=2,"YES","NO") returns NO

Suppose cell A1 contains 24 Suppose A2 wants to show the value in A1, but only the value is divisible by 11, otherwise leave blank =IF(MOD(A1,11)=0,A1,"")
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Nested =IF()
Suppose cell A1 contains 24 In cell A2, type =IF(MOD(A1,2)=0,IF(MOD(A1,3)=0,"DIV BY 6","DIV BY 2"),"NOT DIV BY 2") If divisible by 2:

If further divisible by 3, show that its divisible by 6 If not further divisible by 3, show that its merely divisible by 2 Display that its not divisible by 2

If not divisible by 2:

Change the value in A1 and see the result

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=IFERROR()
=IFERROR([normal value], [value if error]) For B23 cell for example, we want

=IFERROR(PERCENTRANK(B$1:B$20,$A32),"Out of Range") Return PERCENTRANK(B$1:B$20,$A32) to B23 cell, but if that results in an error, return Out of Range instead

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=IFERROR() vs. =IF()

Logically,

=IFERROR(PERCENTRANK(B$1:B$20,$A32),"Out of Range") is essentially this: =IF(PERCENTRANK(B$1:B$20,$A32)=#N/A,"Out of Range") However, we cant use the latter. PERCENTRANK(B$1:B$20,$A32) immediately throws an error, wont compare to #N/A So =IFERROR() is the only way to trap that error
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=IFERROR() vs. =IF()

=IFERROR() is also much cleaner Suppose in cell row 39, we want to display sum of rows

1 through 20
However, if the sum is less than 1000, display < 1000

instead of the actual sum

In B23 cell:

=IF(SUM(B1:B20)<1000,"< 1000",SUM(B1:B20)) Inevitable double-typing the core formula

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=SUMIF()
In the previous example, output changed depending

on the final output

If the total final out is less than 1000, display the string

What if we want conditions for each entry? In row 40, sum the entries of rows of 1 to 20, but only each individual entry is greater than 70

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Criteria
Boolean condition within quotation marks Examples: Less than 100: <100 Equals to 100: =100 Greater than 100: >100 Not 100: <>100 Greater than or equal to 100: >= 100 Less than or equal to 100: <=100 =SUMIF(B1:B20, ">70") in this scenario
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A Note on This Exercise

No Visual Basic programming was needed for this

exercise Most times, if a dynamic formula in a cell can give us all the information we need, use them instead of programs
Faster, easier debugging

Much of the functions and algorithms done with

formulas are the backbone for VBA programming foundation

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Programming = Work With

Data Data Data Data Data

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Lets Get Started: Variables

Different types of data. Consider: Name of city: New York (words) Length of 14th St: 2.00 (decimal) Population: 8,000,000 (integer) MetroCard fare: 2.25 (currency) Longitude: 74 0000 (longitude) Variables are categorized by the type of data they hold. There are basic types, and there can be user-defined.

Variables and their types arent necessarily units.

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Some Basic Variables

Consider a course: Class size: 30 (integer) Class location: Hamilton Hall (string) Pass/Fail allowed: false (boolean) Average grade: 94.4 (double) Average letter grade: A (character)

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Declaring Variables

Dim size as Integer Dim location as String Dim passFail as Boolean Dim avgGrade as Double Dim ltrGrade as Char

Dim: denote local variables (existence in the running

of procedure) Variable Names: begin with letter, only contain letter, number, or underscore, cannot be reserved word
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Initializing Variables
Can do all the declaration in one line as follows: Dim size as Integer, location as String, passFail as

Boolean, avgGrade as Double, ltrGrade as Char

size = 30

location = "Hamilton Hall"

passFail = False avgGrade = 94.4

ltrGrade = A
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Variants
Variables not restricted to specific type No need to declare by type size = 30 location = "Hamilton Hall"

passFail = False
avgGrade = 94.4 ltrGrade = A

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Multiple Similar Variables

Suppose we want to store the price of pineapple for

each day of the week We can declare 7 separate variables:

Dim p0 as Double, p1 as Double p6 as Double

Difficult to keep track of all of the variables Difficult to access each of the variables Gets particularly difficult when the number of entries

grow higher

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Solution: Arrays
Array: block of pigeonholes 7 pigeonholes, each representing a day of week:
Sunday Index Price 0 $5.03 Monday 1 $0.13 Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 2 3 4 5 6 $1.51 $7.75 $7.24 $1.99 $0.64

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Arrays
Dim prices(6) as Double prices(1) to retrieve entry from index 1 (second entry) prices(7) will give out-of-bounds error Benefit: the index can be accessed by other variables: Dim i as integer prices(i) gives the (i+1)th entry

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Arrays
prices(0) = 5.03 prices(1) = 0.13 prices(2) = 1.51 prices(3) = 7.75 prices(4) = 7.24

prices(5) = 1.99
prices(6) = 0.64
Sunday Index Price 0 $5.03 Monday 1 $0.13 Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 2 3 4 5 6 $1.51 $7.75 $7.24 $1.99 $0.64
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Multidimensional Array
Row x column Dim matrix(1,2) as Integer Creates 2x3 matrix with 2 rows, 3 columns

matrix(0,0) matrix(0,1) matrix(0,2) matrix(1,0) matrix(1,1) matrix(1,2)

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Dynamic Array
Dim sample(9) as String Creates string array of size 10 sample(0) = "Introduction" Now suppose we want to increase the array size to 100 ReDim sample(99) This would erase existing data, such as Introduction in cell index 0 ReDim Preserve sample(99) This preserves existing data and changes size
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Practice Exercise
Whats the result after executing this code?

Dim dat(2, 1) dat(0, 0) = "Criterion" dat(0, 1) = "Value" dat(1, 0) = "Budget" dat(1, 1) = 5123.21 dat(2, 0) = "Enough?" dat(2, 1) = True ReDim Preserve dat(2,1)
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Practice Exercise
Did you catch that: dat originally was 3x2 two-

dimensional variant array? The very last line did nothing since the new dimension is the same?

0 Criterion Value 1 Budget 5123.21 2 Enough? TRUE

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Excel Hierarchy
Workbook (Data.xls) Worksheet (Sheet1) Row / Column (1 / A) Cell (A1)

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Moments to Run Code

When user selects to run: modules User runs the code to tally all the numbers User runs the code to form a table from entries Etc. When some action is performed: worksheet and

workbook codes
Code is run when the workbook is opened Code is run when the worksheet is modified Etc.

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Note on Running VBA Codes

Programs updates automatically No need to compile as we would need to in other programming languages No undoing once programs are run and make changes Highly recommend saving the file before running the code Even occasionally recommend saving a new copy of the file to run the code on

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Worksheet Codes
Task: Display Hello World to the window when

contents of Sheet1 has been changed.

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Most Important Key Sequence

To open the screen for Visual Basic editing from the

Excel workbook window:

ALT + F11
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ALT + F11

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Visual Basic Window

Each sheet has been set by default as an object The workbook is also an object Codes that runs when actions are performed, are

written from here

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Hello World
Recall, task: Display Hello World to the window

when contents of Sheet1 has been changed. Double-click on Sheet1

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Hello World
Select Worksheet

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Hello World
Since we want code to run when this worksheet is

changed, select Change from the right menu

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Hello World
Private Sub Worksheet_Change(ByVal Target As Range) MsgBox "Hello World" End Sub
Hello World is a string

MsgBox Hello World displays a pop-up box with the

words Hello World

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Hello World

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Other Worksheet Actions

Activate BeforeDoubleClick BeforeRightClick Calculate Change

Deactivate
FollowHyperlink PivotTableUpdate

SelectionChange
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Workbook Actions
Open: codes to be run when the workbook opens

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Practice Exercise
Suppose you want a pop-up that says Welcome to the

Database when you open the workbook, and then want a pop-up that says Are you super sure? before any calculations are performed on Sheet1.

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Practice Exercise
ThisWorkBook > WorkBook > Open:

Private Sub Workbook_Open() MsgBox "Welcome to the Database!" End Sub

Sheet1 > WorkSheet > Calculate:

Private Sub Worksheet_Calculate() MsgBox "Are you sure?" End Sub

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A Word on Functions
Excel has pre-defined function, including: =SUM() returns the sum of an array of numbers =AVERAGE() returns the average value of an array of number Etc. We can write, define, and use our own functions For example, a function that takes an array of numbers, and returns the product of the maximum value and the minimum value

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Intro to Modules
Subroutines (Sub) Piece of code that perform a set of actions or calculations or a combination of the two Does not return a value Functions Exactly like a subroutine except returning a value Think of f(x, y, z) Can have as many inputs, but returns one value

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Function Example
Suppose given three digits a, b, c, return the number

abc If digits 4, 5, 6 are passed, the function returns 456 Algorithm: 100*a+10*b+c Lets call this function Concat

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Module
Can no longer write codes under the worksheet objects Right-click Sheet > Insert > Module

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Concat
Function Concat(a, b, c) Concat = 100 * a + 10 * b + c End Function Function name equals the value to be returned

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Using Functions in Excel

You can use this user-defined function in Excel cells,

just like how you use =sum() or =average()

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Concat(3, 4, 5)
Should return 345 And indeed it does

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Practice Exercise 1
Without using pre-existing Excel functions, write your

own function that does the following:

Take in 2 integers

Raise the first integer to the power of the second integer

Take that result and modulo by the second integer Return this final result

Recall: a modulo b is the remainder after a / b,

performed in VBA via a Mod b

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Practice Exercise 1
Function Special(a, b) Special = (a ^ b) Mod b End Function
In A1 cell, can type =special(2,3)

Upon hitting enter, 2 would show up in A1

2^3 = 8, and 8 mod 3 = 2

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Practice Exercise 2
Without using pre-existing Excel functions, write your

own function that does the following:

Take in a string and an integer

Return true or false as to whether the length of the

string is equal to the integer

Note: the function Len(string_variable) returns the

length of string_variable as an integer

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Practice Exercise 2
Function takes in two variables: A string An integer Need to compute the length of the string Need to compare the length of the string, to the

integer Return whether or not (true or false) the two values are equal

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Practice Exercise 2
Function StrLength(a, b) Length = Len(a) StrLength = (Length = b) End Function
Note that (Length = b) is a boolean statement. It is

either true or false. =strlength("abc",4) returns FALSE =strlength("abc",3) returns TRUE

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Loops and Decisions

Loops: For While Do Until Decisions: If statements

If Then [ElseIf Then Else ] EndIf Entries in [ ] is optional

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Sample Exercise
Print out 1, 2 1000 in column A of the first 1000 rows

Cells(1,1) = 1 Cells(2,1) = 2 Cells(3,1) = 3 Cells(1000,1) = 1000

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For Loop Syntax

For Row = 1 To 1000 Cells(Row, 1) = Row Next Row For [variable name] = [start] To [end] [codes to be run for each iteration] Next [variable name]

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Same Exercise: While Loop

Row = 1 While Row <= 1000 Cells(Row, 1) = Row Row = Row + 1 Wend While [conditional statement] [does to be run] Wend
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Common Fatal Error: While Loop

Row = 1 While Row <= 1000 Cells(Row, 1) = Row Row = Row + 1 Wend
For loop forces us to increment our counter: next

Row We have to do that on our own for While loop

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Do Until
Similar to While loop

Row = 1 Do Until Row=1000 Cells(Row, 1) = Row Row = Row + 1 Loop

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Word on Loops
Usually interchangeable Choice of which loop to use usually coming down to

personal preference For loop usually best when the number of iterations are known

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If Statements
Given 1, 2, 3 1000 printed in column A Display in column B whether each integer is divisible

by 2, 3, both, or neither Recall: a number is divisible by 6 if its divisible by both 2 and 3

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Algorithm Approach
Traverse through 1, 2 1000 If divisible by 6, note it Otherwise check if its divisible by 2 or 3 and note if so Important: If its divisible by 6 already, no need to

check if its divisible by 2 or 3 Recall: a Mod b gives the remainder of a / b In another words, a is divisible by b if a Mod b = 0

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The Code
For Row = 1 To 1000 If Cells(Row, 1) Mod 6 = 0 Then Cells(Row, 2) = "Divisible by 6" ElseIf Cells(Row, 1) Mod 2 = 0 Then Cells(Row, 2) = "Divisible by 2" ElseIf Cells(Row, 1) Mod 3 = 0 Then Cells(Row, 2) = "Divisible by 3" End If Next Row
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If Ladder
An If ladder begins with If Then Can include multiple ElseIf Then Ladder ends with EndIf Within a ladder, as long as the first satisfying

condition is met, other conditions are ignored and skipped even if they are true

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Think About It
What will happen after this switch or ordering?

For Row = 1 To 1000 If Cells(Row, 1) Mod 2 = 0 Then Cells(Row, 2) = "Divisible by 2" ElseIf Cells(Row, 1) Mod 3 = 0 Then Cells(Row, 2) = "Divisible by 3" ElseIf Cells(Row, 1) Mod 6 = 0 Then Cells(Row, 2) = "Divisible by 6" End If Next Row
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Think About it
Take the number 12: Since it 12 % 2 = 0, satisfying the first condition, will display Divisible by 2 and exit the If ladder Even if its divisible by 3 and 6 also Instead, breaking this ladder into multiple different If

statements works successfully

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Hypothetical Revision
Overriding each time just inefficient

If Cells(Row, 1) Mod 2 = 0 Then Cells(Row, 2) = "Divisible by 2" End If If Cells(Row, 1) Mod 3 = 0 Then Cells(Row, 2) = "Divisible by 3" End If If Cells(Row, 1) Mod 6 = 0 Then Cells(Row, 2) = "Divisible by 6" End If
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Remember This?
Nested for loop (i, j) = (2,2), (2,3) (2,6), (3,2), (3,3) (3,6), (4,2)

(4,6), (5,2) (5,6), (6,2) (6,6)

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Task
Suppose this grading scheme: With the caveat that up to 2 assignments can be dropped Compute the overall grade
Assignment HW 1 Quiz 1 HW 2 Quiz 2 Test 1 HW 3 Test 2
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Weight
10% 15% 10% 15% 20% 10% 20%

Points

Total

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Illustration
For example, if Quiz 1 and Test 1 are dropped: 35% of the assignments are dropped HW 1 is now worth (10%) / (1 0.35) and so on

Assignment Weight Points HW 1 10% Quiz 1 15% HW 2 10% Quiz 2 15% Test 1 20% HW 3 10% Created by George Zhao Test 2 20%

Total

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Approach
Take into consideration: Varying total points for assignments Unexpected position of empty slots
Assignment HW 1 Quiz 1 HW 2 Weight 10% 15% 10% 43 Points 18 Total 20 10 50

Quiz 2
Test 1 HW 3 Test 2
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15%
20% 10% 20%

23
9 49

24
50 20 50
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Approach
Calculate grade for each assignment If score cell is empty, keep track of the weight of the

assignment Need Excel functions:

Determine if cell is empty Return different depending on whether or not another

cell is blank

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Useful Excel Functions

=IF() in Excel =IF([boolean statement], [value if true], [value if false]) =IF(1=1, 10, 20) would return 10 since 1=1 is true =IF(1=2, 10, 20) would return 20 since 1=2 is false =ISBLANK() in Excel =ISBLANK([cell reference]) Returns TRUE or FALSE If A1 is empty, =ISBLANK(A1) returns TRUE

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Approach
If no points are listed in the POINTS column, a grade

should not be calculated: not 0%!

Assignment Weight Points HW 1 10% Quiz 1 15% HW 2 10% Quiz 2 15% Test 1 20% HW 3 10% Test 2 20%
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Total 18 43 23 9 49

Grade % 20 90.00% 10 50 86.00% 24 95.83% 50 20 45.00% 50 98.00%

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Approach
If the Points column is blank, return blank in the %

column. Otherwise, give the result of points / total

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Approach
Multiply each assignment grade by the assignment

weight, sum the product Normalize the overall weight, to take into consideration dropped assignments
Assignment Weight Points HW 1 10% Quiz 1 15% HW 2 10% Quiz 2 15% Test 1 20% HW 3 10% Test 2 20%
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Total 18 43 23 9 49 20 10 50 24 50 20 50

% 90.00% 86.00% 95.83% 45.00% 98.00%

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Sum: Normalized Sum:

56.08% 86.27%

Calculation
10% * 90% + 10% * 86% + 15% * 95.83% + 10% * 45% +

20% * 98% = 56.08% 56.08% / (100% - 15% - 20%) = 86.27%

Assignment Weight Points HW 1 10% Quiz 1 15% HW 2 10% Quiz 2 15% Test 1 20% HW 3 10% Test 2 20%
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Total 18 43 23 9 49 20 10 50 24 50 20 50

% 90.00% Sum: Normalized Sum: 86.00% 95.83% 45.00% 98.00%

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56.08% 86.27%

=SUMPRODUCT(): cross product

10% * 90% + 10% * 86% + 15% * 95.83% + 10% * 45% +

20% * 98% = 56.08% Numbers in red represent the weights, multiplied by its corresponding grade % We multiply each weight by its corresponding %, and tally them: cross product of vectors in calculus

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Normalized Sum
56.08% / (100% - 15% - 20%) = 86.27% If Points column is empty, take the Weight value of

that row tally this sum, to be subtracted later

Assignment Weight Points HW 1 10% Quiz 1 15% HW 2 10% Quiz 2 15% Test 1 20% HW 3 10% Test 2 20%
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Total
18 43 23 9 49 20 10 50 24 50 20 50

%
90.00% Sum:
Normalized Sum: 56.08% 86.27%

86.00% 95.83% 45.00% 98.00%

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Normalized Sum
Added Column F to display the weight of the

assignment, if there is no grade for that

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Programming Approach
We already have the algorithms down Just need to translate to VBA codes Given the following structure to begin with:

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Psuedocode
Start from row 2 Traverse down the rows, as long as there is an

assignment
For each row, compute % if there is a score Otherwise, keep track of the weight, to be backed out

later

Sum-product Weights and % for the sum

Divide Sum by (100% - backed out weights) for

normalized sum
Created by George Zhao 124

The Code
Sub Tally() Row = 2 BackedOut = 0 Sum = 0
While Cells(Row, 1) <> "" If Cells(Row, 3) <> "" Then Sum = Sum + Cells(Row, 2) * Cells(Row, 3) / Cells(Row, 4) Else BackedOut = BackedOut + Cells(Row, 2) End If Row = Row + 1 Wend Cells(2, 9) = Sum / (1 - BackedOut) End Sub
Created by George Zhao 125

Set-Up
Sub Tally() Row = 2 BackedOut = 0 Sum = 0
Start from row 2
Sum and weights to back out begin with 0

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Loop Running Condition

While Cells(Row, 1) <> ""
Cells(2,1) returns the value of row 2, column 1 also

known as cellA2 <> means not equal to <> means not equal to blank cell in another words, the cell contains something

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Normal Entries
If Cells(Row, 3) <> "" Then Sum = Sum + Cells(Row, 2) * Cells(Row, 3) / Cells(Row, 4)
Recall: column 3 (column C) is the Points column If content of column C for each row is empty, then:

Sum is the previous sum + (weight of assignment) *

(points earned on assignment)/ (total number of points)

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Empty Entries
Else BackedOut = BackedOut + Cells(Row, 2) End If
Otherwise, the weight of that assignment entry

(column 2) is tallied EndIf to denote the end of an If statement block

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Traversing
Row = Row + 1 Wend Cells(2, 9) = Sum / (1 - BackedOut) Cells(2, 9).NumberFormat = "0.00%" End Sub
Move onto the next row Wend to denote the end of a While loop End Sub to denote the end of the Subroutine
Created by George Zhao 130

Remarks
This code can handle any number of assignment

entries in this format Takes one click to run the program

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Refer to Excel Data

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Task
Give the percentage of days in which the stock index

(S&P 500) closed above the previous day The last date on the table wouldnt be factored
If there are 19 dates of raw data, therell only be 18

entries for this exercise of computing daily changes

Accommodate the algorithm for future entries to be

added below Perform the task without programming, and then with programming
Created by George Zhao 134

Algorithm Reasoning
In column C, return 1 if the value in same rows column

B is greater than previous rows column B Otherwise, return 0 Drag the formula down to the penultimate entry Sum up column C, divided by the number of entries in column C

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No Programming

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Programming Reasoning
For loop would not be appropriate, since the number

of iterations isnt known at first While loop or Do Until loop Similar reasoning as the non-programming approach

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While Loop
Row = 2 Sum = 0 Total = 0 While Cells(Row,1) <> "" If Cells(Row,2) > Cells(Row+1,2) Then Sum = Sum + 1 End If Total = Total + 1 Row = Row + 1 Wend Cells(Row-1,3) = "" Cells(2,5) = (Sum-1) / (Total-1) to discount the last entry
Created by George Zhao 138

ActiveCell
ActiveCell, as the name suggests, refers to the

currently selected cell ActiveCell.Value returns the value of the current cell Say cell B4 is to be selected:
Cells(4,2).Select By the way, Range(B4) and Cells(2,4) refers to the same ActiveCell.Value now returns the value of cell B4

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Offset
Very important function used both in programming

and functions [Original cell].Offset([rows], [columns])

Cells(2,2).Offset(1,1) returns Cells(3,3) Cells(2,2).Offset(3,0) returns Cells(5,2) Cells(2,2).Offset(-1,1) returns Cells(1,3)

ActiveCell.Offset(1,0).Select Select the cell one row beneath, in the same column Potential for loops?
Created by George Zhao 140

Offset Looping
Given rows of entries, begin with cell A1 and loop

down the rows, until there are no more entries No more the need to keep track of a Row variable Range("A1").Select Do Until IsEmpty(ActiveCell.Value) [Can do something here for each row] ActiveCell.Offset(1,0).Select Loop
Created by George Zhao 141

Try With This

Use offset function in program

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Programming
Range("B2").Select Sum = 0 Total = 0 Do Until IsEmpty(ActiveCell.Value) Total = Total + 1 If ActiveCell.Value > ActiveCell.Offset(1,0).Value Then Sum = Sum + 1 EndIf ActiveCell.Offset(1,0).Select Loop Range("E2").Value = (Sum 1) / (Total 1)
Created by George Zhao 143

Unlike Other Programming Lang.

Dont need to know how to write all types of codes Asking why learn it then? Excel can record actions performed by the user and

give the code (macro) that, once upon run, would perform the same actions
But what about tweaking a mini detail?

Challenge then becomes deciphering the codes, to

adapt to similar but different scenarios

Therefore, still important to learn VBA

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Sorting
Refer to Excel file Wish to sort by values in column B, smallest to largest,

expanding the selection Easy to perform manually Record macro to see the syntax to automate the action
Record macro Perform action manually Stop macro Read macro code
Created by George Zhao 146

Record Macro
Essentially subroutines

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View Macro Codes

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Look at the Codes

Columns("B:B").Select ActiveWorkbook.Worksheets("Tutorial 4").Sort.SortFields.Clear ActiveWorkbook.Worksheets("Tutorial 4").Sort.SortFields.Add Key:=Range("B1") _ , SortOn:=xlSortOnValues, Order:=xlAscending, DataOption:=xlSortNormal With ActiveWorkbook.Worksheets("Tutorial 4").Sort .SetRange Range("A1:B20") .Header = xlNo .MatchCase = False .Orientation = xlTopToBottom .SortMethod = xlPinYin .Apply End With
Created by George Zhao 149

Pick Out Characteristics

Columns("B:B").Select ActiveWorkbook.Worksheets("Tutorial 4").Sort.SortFields.Clear ActiveWorkbook.Worksheets("Tutorial 4").Sort.SortFields.Add Key:=Range("B1") _ , SortOn:=xlSortOnValues, Order:=xlAscending, DataOption:=xlSortNormal With ActiveWorkbook.Worksheets("Tutorial 4").Sort .SetRange Range("A1:B20") .Header = xlNo .MatchCase = False .Orientation = xlTopToBottom .SortMethod = xlPinYin .Apply End With
Created by George Zhao 150

Expanded Exercise
Suppose in a table of data, spanning from columns A

to E, rows 1 to 100, sort by values in column A Replace references of column B with column A Range("A1:B20") becomes Range(A1:E100)

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Tasks Recording Macro Can Teach

Inserting row Hiding a sheet Formatting cell text to be italic, red, and value

displayed as percentage Copying, cutting, pasting Moving selection to the top row of a table entry Defining a formula in a cell
RC format just like offset

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RC Reference: Row / Column

Let cell C3 be value of A1 squared In the worksheet, formula of C3 would be: =A1^2 This involves hard-coding the A1 in the formula However, functions without treating A1 as hard-coded. Select the 3x3 table of A1:C3 and move it anywhere the formula updates accordingly Its as if the formula of the bottom-right cell (while in C3) is more like: =OFFSET(C3,-2,-2)^2 Now no reference of A1 necessary Both works fine
Created by George Zhao 153

RC Reference: Row / Column

In VBA, only the equivalent of =OFFSET() works Select cell A1 and record this macro: Type 3 in A1 Type =A1^2 in C3 Stop macro

ActiveCell.FormulaR1C1 = "3" Range("C3").Select ActiveCell.FormulaR1C1 = "=R[-2]C[-2]^2" Range("C4").Select

Created by George Zhao 154

Defining Function in VBA

Look at this line of code: ActiveCell.FormulaR1C1 = "=R[-2]C[-2]^2" ActiveCell can be substituted for other equivalents: Cells(2,3) ActiveCell.Offset(1,2) Range("F5:G9") Range("F5:G9").Offset(10, 10) =R[-2]C[-2]^2 Offset from current cell, 2 rows above and 2 columns left
Created by George Zhao 155

Note on Recording Macro

Should not be substituted for learning code syntax Useful tool to learn the syntax Need to understand the algorithm of the codes, in

order to know how and where to change the recorded codes to fit in the specific task This workshop will not be able to cover all types of scenarios in Excel, but knowing how to approach new problems is the most crucial component of problem solving
Created by George Zhao 156

Google Finance Data

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Task
Create a customized data, whereby the user can enter

and change 5 selected dates For those 5 dates, the customized data would pull all of the data to display from the original table For those 5 dates, make a bar graph, with the Opening and Closing values displayed on top of another for each date When the user changes the dates, the customized table and graphs should update automatically
Created by George Zhao 159

Algorithm
Need a function that would take a value (user-inputted

date) and search for that value within a bigger table =VLOOKUP() very useful when data is presented rowby-row
For example, if the look-up value is 7/20/2012 Looks through the master table, looking for the row

entry with 7/20/2012 in the first column Function can return specific column entry =HLOOKUP() not used as often, for when each data entry presented column-by-column
Created by George Zhao 160

=VLOOKUP()
User inputs 7/20/2012 for Opening value: =VLOOKUP(I2,A1:F31,2,FALSE) I2 is the look-up value A1:F31 is the master table to search from 2 signifies return the 2nd column value from master table FALSE means return only exact results (TRUE would yield approximate result when no exact result is found)

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=VLOOKUP()

Created by George Zhao

162

Fixing Some References

Heres what would happen if the formula is dragged

down to the following row:

A1:F31 reference gets shifted

We dont want this, instead want fixed for all searches, across columns and rows Fix both the row and column: $A$1:$F$31

Dragging across column, the look-up value reference

gets shifted

We want to only fixed the column reference, not the row reference Fix just the column: $I2
163

Created by George Zhao

Refined Formula
=VLOOKUP($I2,$A$1:$F$31,2,FALSE)

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164

Problem
Upon dragging the formula to the right, nothing

changes Need to change the 2 in the formula to 2, 3, etc.

Created by George Zhao

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Possible Solutions
Manually change If the customized table will not be moved, can use a

function that determines the current column value, and rearrange accordingly =COLUMN() returns the column number of the cell
Column A returns 1 Column B returns 2 Etc.

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As It Stands
Formula in J2 wouldve been: =VLOOKUP($I2,$A$1:$F$31,2,FALSE) Formula in K2 wouldve been: =VLOOKUP($I2,$A$1:$F$31,3,FALSE) Formula in L2 wouldve been: =VLOOKUP($I2,$A$1:$F$31,4,FALSE) Formula in M2 wouldve been: =VLOOKUP($I2,$A$1:$F$31,5,FALSE) Formula in N2 wouldve been: =VLOOKUP($I2,$A$1:$F$31,6,FALSE)
Created by George Zhao 167

Use =COLUMN()
Column J is really column 10 Column K is really column 11 Column L is really column 12 Column M is really column 13 Column N is really column 14

In all cases, COLUMN()-8 would give the appropriate

number to incorporate into the formula

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Refined Formula

Created by George Zhao

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Improvement
=VLOOKUP() returns #N/A error is the look-up value

is not found in the original table We can error trap using =IFERROR() function =IFERROR([value if no error], [value if error]) Suppose we want to display ***NO DATA*** if there is no data In cell J2, to be dragged in both directions:
=IFERROR(VLOOKUP($I2,$A$1:$F$31,COLUMN()-

8,FALSE),"***NO DATA***")
Created by George Zhao 170

Refined Table
Manually efficient Dynamic

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Bar Chart
Select the customized table, and choose bar graph Horrendous output, nothing like what were looking

for

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172

Dont Worry
We can manipulate a lot about the chart Right click > Select Data

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End Result
Series Categories
3000 2500

2000

1500

Close Open

1000

500

7/20/2012

7/18/2012

6/25/2012

6/24/2012

6/18/2012

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Series and Categories

Categories: different entries of similar types Date 1, date 2, etc. Product 1, product 2, etc. Each of the 5 dates selected in the customized table Series: different types of values for each entry High temp and low temp for each day Number of hits and number of homeruns for each baseball player Opening Price and Closing Price for each of the 5 days
Created by George Zhao 175

Series
Series 1 name: cell containing Open Series 1 value: cell range containing opening prices Series 2 name: cell containing Closing Series 2 value: cell range containing closing prices

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Category
Select the 5 dates

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2000

3000

2500

1500

1000

500

0 6/18/2012 6/19/2012 6/20/2012 6/21/2012 6/22/2012 6/23/2012 6/24/2012 6/25/2012 6/26/2012 6/27/2012

Created by George Zhao

6/28/2012
6/29/2012 6/30/2012 7/1/2012 7/2/2012 7/3/2012 7/4/2012 7/5/2012 7/6/2012 7/7/2012 7/8/2012

7/9/2012
7/10/2012 7/11/2012 7/12/2012 7/13/2012 7/14/2012 7/15/2012 7/16/2012 7/17/2012 7/18/2012 7/19/2012

Probably See This Initially

7/20/2012

Close

Open

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The Problem
Axis is arranged numerically, treating the dates on a

continuous spectrum We want discrete spectrum, treating the dates not as numerical, but as text Luckily, theres feature for that
Right click axis > Format Axis > Axis Type: Text Axis

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Youre Seen Some Already

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Message Box
So far, weve worked with only the simplest type of

message box: user can only click Okay MsgBox "Message Body", vbInformation, "Optional Title Goes Here"

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Message Box Icon Displays

MsgBox "Message Body", vbCritical, "Optional Title

Goes Here MsgBox "Message Body", vbQuestion, "Optional Title Goes Here MsgBox "Message Body", vbExclamation, "Optional Title Goes Here"

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Multi-Option Message Box

What if we want some other button than just Okay ? In this case, we want to capture the clicking response Will then use If-Else ladders to determine the course of action

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Yes or No
Capture the user response onto the variable response

response = MsgBox("Choose yes or no", vbYesNoCancel, "Choices") If response = vbYes Then MsgBox "You clicked yes" ElseIf response = vbNo Then MsgBox "You clicked no" Else MsgBox "Why can't you follow directions?" End If
Created by George Zhao 185

Customized Userform
Begin by inserting a blank userform

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Blank Userform

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Remember this Slide?

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Userform Hierarchy
Book1 (.xls file) Userform1

Lablel1 ComboBox1 TextBox1

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Properties Tab
Important to keep track of for what the information is

relating to: Userform1? Label1?

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Label
Create event-driven programs (much like worksheet

programs, running when the Excel book opens, etc)

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Useful Controls in the Toolbox

Label Clicking it can enable some codes of action TextBox Users can enter text into the box, that can be read into codes ComboBox Users choose one of several determined options, and the selection can be read into codes

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Continued
ListBox Similar to ComboBox, but multiple columns allowed CheckBox Useful for boolean (true / false) conditions OptionBox Can only choose one option, given multiple Rather than demonstrating the use for each, why not

delve right into a case example to see how it works

Created by George Zhao 193

MTA Subway Ridership Data

http://www.mta.info/nyct/facts/ridership/ridership_s

ub_annual.htm

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Pasting Data into Excel

Directly copying, and pasting into Excel may or may

not function, depending on the version of the software If dysfunctional:

Copy from website Paste into Notepad Copy from Notepad Paste into Excel

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Task Bundle 1: Clean the Data

The station name and the numerical data are off-

aligned by one row (besides the first entry)

Fix this

Add an identifier to each row designating which

borough the station is from

Can do this manually

Clean out all of the train icon from the station names Current format: 161 St-Yankee Stadium B train icon D train icon 4 train icon New format: 161 St-Yankee Stadium: [B, D, 4]
Created by George Zhao 197

Adding Identifier
Insert blank column to the left of column A Type the borough name, and drag it down until the

end of the list for that borough Since there are only 4 boroughs (Staten Island not part of the Subway system), its faster to do this one-time step completely manually
Need to recognize when to perform tasks manually vs.

investing in the time to write functions or programs

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Off-Align
For each station: Take the numerical data, and move them up one row Delete the row where the data used to reside in Do this for all stations in the borough Do this for the other boroughs

This process needs to be done for all of the 400+

stations, so definitely an automated process is better.

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Excel Sheet At the Moment

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200

PsuedoCode
Think from a top-down overview approach: Have a variable that tracks the number of boroughs

processed Run the program in a loop until all 4 boroughs are traversed through:
For each station, copy the numerical data, and then

delete the row with that data End of a section of boroughs is reached when value in column A is empty Delete that row and continue on
Created by George Zhao 201

The Codes
Sub Align() Range("A5").Select boroughsTraversedThrough = 0 Do Until boroughsTraversedThrough = 4 For i = 2 To 9 Range(ActiveCell.Offset(0, i), ActiveCell.Offset(0, i)) = Range(ActiveCell.Offset(1, i), ActiveCell.Offset(1, i)) Next i Rows(ActiveCell.Row + 1).Delete Shift:=xlUp ActiveCell.Offset(1, 0).Select If IsEmpty(ActiveCell.Value) Then Rows(ActiveCell.Row).Delete Shift:=xlUp boroughsTraversedThrough = boroughsTraversedThrough + 1 End If Loop End Sub
Created by George Zhao 202

Processed Data
All entries on one row, with the borough identified Clean transition from borough to borough

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203

Small Manual Cleanup

Move 2011 Rank to column J Delete the original row 3

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204

Station Name Processing

Change 161 St-Yankee Stadium B train icon D train

icon 4 train icon to 161 St-Yankee Stadium [B, D, 4] Useful ideas:

train icon designation Whether B or 4, the identifier is 1 character

Loop through column B and do this processing for all

entries

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InStr Function
We need a function that finds a string (train icon)

within a larger string InStr( [start], string, substring, [compare] )

InStr("161 St-Yankee Stadium B train icon D train icon 4

train icon", "train icon") returns 25 (first instance) InStr(26, "161 St-Yankee Stadium B train icon D train icon 4 train icon", "train icon") returns 38 (second instance) InStr(52, "161 St-Yankee Stadium B train icon D train icon 4 train icon", "train icon") returns 0 (none found anymore)
Created by George Zhao 206

Mid Function
Similar to substring() function in Java Mid("abcdefg", 2, 3) returns bcd 2 is the start position (starts counting from 1, not 0) 3 is the length to extract Mid("abcdefg", 2) returns bcdefg If the second number is not specified, assumes rest of the string

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207

Psuedocode
For all entries (station names) in column B: Start with position 1, and run Instr() function search in for train icon Loop through the text until Instr() function returns 0 Record the letter / number (B, 4, etc), which is always two spaces to the left of the Instr() value given Search again, except starting from the Instr() value + 1, so we can search for subsequent instances of train icon Retain the station name, and add the appropriate brackets syntax
Created by George Zhao 208

The Code
Sub NameProcess() Range("B3").Select Do Until IsEmpty(ActiveCell.Value) fullText = ActiveCell.Value startPosition = 1 bracketedText = "["

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209

The Code
While InStr(startPosition, fullText, "train icon") <> 0 result = InStr(startPosition, fullText, "train icon") bracketedText = bracketedText & Mid(fullText, result - 2, 1) & ", " startPosition = result + 1 Wend

Created by George Zhao

210

The Code
stationName = Left(fullText, InStr(fullText, "train icon") - 3) & bracketedText stationName = Left(stationName, Len(stationName) - 2) & "]" ActiveCell.Value = stationName ActiveCell.Offset(1, 0).Select Loop End Sub

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Looks Much Better

Task bundle 1 complete!

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212

Task Bundle 2: Extreme Trends

Identify the stations that has had, over the span of the

data:
Decreasing ridership in each successive year

Increasing ridership in each successive year

Summarize in a condensed table, the percentage of stations in each borough that satisfied this quality

Largest percentage increase in ridership

Largest percentage decrease in ridership

Created by George Zhao

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Strategy
For stations with increasing ridership in each

successive year:
Value in column G > value in column F

AND column F > column E

AND column E > column D AND column D > column C

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214

AND Operator
In VBA programming: If [condition 1] AND [condition 2] Then But in Excel cells: AND([condition 1], [condition 2] )

Created by George Zhao

215

Decreasing and Increasing

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216

Borough Tally Chart

Count the number of entries with YES =COUNTIF([Range], =YES) Count the number of total entries =COUNTA([Range]) Row ranges of the boroughs can be hard-coded, since there are only 4 of them, and that they are one-time items

Created by George Zhao

217

Different COUNT Methods

Empty vs. blank A cell with is blank but NOT empty =COUNT([Range]) Cells that contain numbers =COUNTA([Range]) Cells that are not empty =COUNTBLANK([Range]) Cells that are blank =COUNTIF([Range], [Condition]) Cells that satisfy the condition
Created by George Zhao 218

Results Table

Created by George Zhao

219

Determining Max / Min Change

Create a new column (column R) that calculates the %

change in ridership from 2011 to 2007 Determine the max and min from the column, and determine the station name for those rows

Created by George Zhao

220

Error Trap
Even with a calculation as simple as percentage

change: (G3-C3)/C3 Needs to take into consideration of bad data Having #DIV/0! Error will not allow for further calculations, such as the max and min =IFERROR((G3-C3)/C3,"")

Created by George Zhao

221

Problem with =VLOOKUP()

Suppose we wanted to use this: =VLOOKUP(MAX(R3:R423),A3:R423,2,FALSE) After all, the station name is in column B (second

column) Problem is that the lookup value must be in the first column of the search table Alas, the lookup value (% change values) are on the very last column

Created by George Zhao

222

Offset?
Can we locate the row containing the max value, and

then use offset to move over to the correct column? =OFFSET() needs a reference cell Unfortunately, =VLOOKUP() returns only the value, not the reference Need a function that returns a reference in an array, given a lookup value

Created by George Zhao

223

=MATCH()
=MATCH([lookup value], [lookup array], [match

type]) 0 as the match type for exact match

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224

Back to Determining Max / Min

First create a column to house the numerical max and

min values

Think about it: =OFFSET() needs a baseline reference, and two directions to branch out to =MATCH() needs a data set, and returns a subsequent reference Any way to use both simultaneously?
Created by George Zhao 225

Work from Inside Out

MATCH(U2,$R$3:$R$423,0) Returns n, where the max value is the n-th entry in the numerical data in column R Or, think of it as the number of row to offset down from R2

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226

What We Want
We want the station name (column B) Recall from previous slide: MATCH(U2,$R$3:$R$423,0)

is the number of row to offset down from R2 What about the number of columns?
-16 (with reference at column R, column B is 16 columns

to the left)

So the overall formula we want is: =OFFSET($R$2,MATCH(U2,$R$3:$R$423,0),-16)

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227

Task Bundle 3: Select Numbers

Create an userform that allows the user to input two

numbers to create a range

Allow for blank entries for unbounded

Pull all of the name of stations whose 2011 ridership

was between the user-chosen range Given the stations that fall into this criteria, create a chart sorting the stations by boroughs
Even though the second task did not specify that the

borough be pulled also, it may seem helpful to do that as well, given this final task
Created by George Zhao 228

Userform Design
Which option in the Toolbox would be the most

helpful? We want a form with the following features:

Text to display directions

Label merely with text TextBox Label with an option to run more programs when clicked

Two boxes for users to type numbers

Button for user to click when done

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Userform Design

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230

Programs for Clicking

Private Sub Label4_Click() End Sub
Need to write codes here: Look through column G (2011 ridership stat) and find entries who value is between the range Deal with unbounded values Paste the station and borough name down column X and Y (arbitrarily chosen: merely our next empty columns)
Created by George Zhao 231

Unbounded Values
If TextBox1.Value is blank, we could set it to 0 Similarly, if TextBox2.Value is blank, set to some

enormous number like 999,999,999 In general, this is not a good practice, especially when we dont know the extent of the data were dealing with But the benefit is simplicity: otherwise we need more If-Else for when they are blank Since we roughly know the range of data here, acceptable to hardcode the values here
Created by George Zhao 232

Unbounded Values
Private Sub Label4_Click() If TextBox1.Value = "" Then Min = 0 Else: Min = 1# * TextBox1.Value End If If TextBox2.Value = "" Then Max = 999999999 Else: Max = 1# * TextBox2.Value End If
Created by George Zhao 233

Quick Review & Important Note

In the previous slide, we would not have been able to

use IsEmpty in replace of TextBox1.Value = "" By inputting nothing, we entered a blank entry, but not an empty entry Best way to capture blank entry is to test equality to
In 1# * TextBox1.Value, it was necessary to include 1#

* because otherwise, it would treat TextBox1.Value as a text, not number, and make inequity impossible to check
Created by George Zhao 234

Traversing Data
We could use ActiveCell and Offset to traverse down

column G until ActiveCell is empty

Select this

We then need another tracker for the data were

pasting into column X and Y (24 and 25)

Do not select this currentRow = currentRow + 1

Range("G3").Select currentRow = 1
Created by George Zhao 235

Traversing Data
Columns("X:Y").Clear Do Until IsEmpty(ActiveCell) If ActiveCell.Value >= Min And ActiveCell.Value <= Max Then Cells(currentRow, 24) = ActiveCell.Offset(0, -6) Cells(currentRow, 25) = ActiveCell.Offset(0, -5) currentRow = currentRow + 1 End If ActiveCell.Offset(1, 0).Select Loop

Created by George Zhao

236

Auto Fit Column & Hide Form

Columns(X:Y").EntireColumn.AutoFit UserForm1.Hide End Sub
Recording a simple macro can give the necessary

syntax for the auto-fitting After recording the macro, recognize the need to change the parameters to columns X and Y Able to add other customization (font size, cell style, etc) this way (recall the tutorial on Recording Macros)
Created by George Zhao 237

To Run This
Recall these codes are within the userform We need the userform to be displayed We can write a short code for that Then simply assign an object (text box, etc) to run that short code upon being clicked

Sub Show() UserForm1.Show End Sub

Created by George Zhao 238

Assign Macro to Objects

Created by George Zhao

239

Final Task: Design the Chart

Part one: pull data Take the data from column X and Y (only really need X) Count the frequency for each borough Paste the frequency by borough in columns AA and AB Part two: create the chart Create pie chart using the data in columns AA and AB Record the macro to determine the formatting syntax Data for the data will have fixed size easier to automate

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Pull Data
Use =COUNTIF() method for each borough Look up the borough names in column X Efficient coding: Were repeating the same operation 4 times, with the only difference of the borough name To avoid writing similar codes, use arrays to store the borough names

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Create Chart
Record a macro and manually create the desired chart
Ridership between 5000000 and 20000000
2 16 10

The Bronx

Brooklyn
Manhattan Queens

50

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Recording Macro
Range("AA1:AB4").Select ActiveSheet.Shapes.AddChart.Select ActiveChart.SetSourceData Source:=Range("'Case 7'!$AA$1:$AB$4") ActiveChart.ChartType = xlPie ActiveChart.SeriesCollection(1).Select ActiveChart.SeriesCollection(1).ApplyDataLabels ActiveChart.ChartArea.Select ActiveChart.SetElement (msoElementChartTitleCenteredOverlay) ActiveChart.ChartTitle.Text = "Ridership between " & Min & " and " & Max
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Assignments
Short mini case studies, demonstrating the use of

Excel and VBA to handle data in different ways Includes function syntaxes as references
More information includes than needed Need to discern which functions will be useful in each

case

Problems and solutions all posted online

Snippets of each assignment shown in the following

sides
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Assignment 1
At a fair, the participants were asked to input their

name in the first column and their Columbia University UNI on the second column of an Excel document. Write the codes in VBA that can complete the task of automating the process by which the collected UNIs can be bundled together into one text, which can be directly pasted into an email to send out to all participants

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Assignment 2
the responses were typed up onto column A in an

Excel worksheet. Participants may have used different cases of letters or added spaces between the words, but they refer to same entry. For example, the following entries should all be treated the same: Coldplay, ColdPlay, Cold play, c o Ld p lAy Write the codes in VBA that will create a sorted tally table that displays the distinct entries with their count in the dataset

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Assignment 3
Suppose that at an institution, the unique ID code for

each student is comprised of two letters (use lower-case in this exercise) of the alphabet, followed by one, two, or three digits of numbers. If two or more digits are present in the ID, the numerical portion of the ID will not begin with 0. Write a VBA that will generate all of the combinations of the IDs in column A, and then randomize the order

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Final Marks
This workshop was designed to give an overview of

some of the noteworthy functions and the foundations of VBA programming. There are many more functionalities in Excel. One can always learn more by browsing through the functions list or searching for them online. For VBA, one can always record some macros. Having a solid foundation enables one to more easily learn new essentials.

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