3/29/2014 3D Problems 1

Three-Dimensional Stress
Analysis
3/29/2014 3D Problems 2
o
x

t
xy

o
y

o
z

t
zy

t
zx

t
xz

t
yz

t
xy

Three-dimensional stress on an element.
3/29/2014 3D Problems 3
Equations of Equilibrium
co
c
ct
c
ct
c
ct
c
co
c
ct
c
ct
c
ct
c
co
c
x
xy
xz
b
xy y yz
b
xz
yz
z
b
x y z
X
x y z
Y
x y z
Z
+ + + =
+ + + =
+ + + =
0
0
0
3/29/2014 3D Problems 4
Strain Displacement
(u,v,w) are the x, y and z components of
displacement.
c
c
c

c
c
c
c
c
c
c

c
c
c
c
c
c
c

c
c
c
c
x xy
y xz
z yz
u
x
u
y
v
x
v
y
u
z
w
x
w
z
w
y
v
z
= = +
= = +
= = +
3/29/2014 3D Problems 5
Stress-Strain Relationships

o
o
o
t
t
t
v v
v v v
v v v
v v v
c
c
c

v
v
v
x
y
z
xy
yz
zx
x
y
z
xy
yz
zx
E

=
+

(
(
(
(
(
(
(

( )( )
(1 )
(1 )
(1 )
1 1 2
1 0 0 0
1 0 0 0
1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
2
2
2
2
2
2
3/29/2014 3D Problems 6
3D Stress-Strain Matrix
| | D
E
Note G
E
=
+

(
(
(
(
(
(
(
=
+

( )( )
:
( )
(1 )
(1 )
(1 )
1 1 2
1 0 0 0
1 0 0 0
1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
2 1
2
2
2
2
2
2
v v
v v v
v v v
v v v
v
v
v
v
3/29/2014 3D Problems 7
Step 1 - Select the Element Type
1. Discretize Body into Four-Noded Tetrahedral
Elements.
2. Three degrees-of-freedom per node.
3. These are x , y, and z displacements.
4. u
i
- x displacement at i
th
node.
5. v
i
- y displacement at i
th
node.
6. w
i
- z displacement at i
th
node.
3/29/2014 3D Problems 8
Tetrahedral Element
y,v
x,u
z,w
4
1
2
3
1-2-3 counterclockwise when viewed form 4.
3/29/2014 3D Problems 9
Step 2 - Select Displacement Function
Select Linear Functions:
z a y a x a a ) z , y , x ( w
z a y a x a a ) z , y , x ( v
z a y a x a a ) z , y , x ( u
12 11 10 9
8 7 6 5
4 3 2 1
3/29/2014 3D Problems 10
{ }

=
4
4
4
3
3
3
2
2
2
1
1
1
w
v
u
w
v
u
w
v
u
w
v
u
d
3/29/2014 3D Problems 11
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
)
`

o + + | + o + o + + | + o
+ o + + | + o + o + + | + o
=
)
`

o + + | + o + o + + | + o
+ o + + | + o + o + + | + o
=
)
`

o + + | + o + o + + | + o
+ o + + | + o + o + + | + o
=
4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3
2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1
4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3
2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1
4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3
2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1
w z y x w z y x
w z y x w z y x
V 6
1
) z , y , x ( w
v z y x v z y x
v z y x v z y x
V 6
1
) z , y , x ( v
u z y x u z y x
u z y x u z y x
V 6
1
) z , y , x ( u
3/29/2014 3D Problems 12
4 4 4
3 3 3
2 2 2
1 1 1
z y x 1
z y x 1
z y x 1
z y x 1
V 6
V = Volume of tetrahedron.
3/29/2014 3D Problems 13
4 4 4
3 3 3
2 2 2
1
z y x
z y x
z y x
= o
4 4
3 3
2 2
1
z y 1
z y 1
z y 1
= |
4 4
3 3
2 2
1
y x 1
y x 1
y x 1
= o
4 4
3 3
2 2
1
z x 1
z x 1
z x 1
=
3/29/2014 3D Problems 14
4 4 4
3 3 3
1 1 1
2
z y x
z y x
z y x
= o
4 4
3 3
1 1
2
z y 1
z y 1
z y 1
= |
4 4
3 3
1 1
2
y x 1
y x 1
y x 1
= o
4 4
3 3
1 1
2
z x 1
z x 1
z x 1
=
3/29/2014 3D Problems 15
4 4 4
2 2 2
1 1 1
3
z y x
z y x
z y x
= o
4 4
2 2
1 1
3
z y 1
z y 1
z y 1
= |
4 4
2 2
1 1
3
y x 1
y x 1
y x 1
= o
4 4
2 2
1 1
3
z x 1
z x 1
z x 1
=
3/29/2014 3D Problems 16
3 3 3
2 2 2
1 1 1
4
z y x
z y x
z y x
3 3
2 2
1 1
4
z y 1
z y 1
z y 1
3 3
2 2
1 1
4
y x 1
y x 1
y x 1
3 3
2 2
1 1
4
z x 1
z x 1
z x 1
3/29/2014 3D Problems 17

(
(
(

4
4
4
1
1
1
4 3 2 1
4 3 2 1
4 3 2 1
w
v
u
w
v
u
N 0 0 N 0 0 N 0 0 N 0 0
0 N 0 0 N 0 0 N 0 0 N 0
0 0 N 0 0 N 0 0 N 0 0 N
w
v
u

3/29/2014 3D Problems 18
V 6
z y x
N
V 6
z y x
N
V 6
z y x
N
V 6
z y x
N
4 4 4 4
4
3 3 3 3
3
2 2 2 2
2
1 1 1 1
1
3/29/2014 3D Problems 19
Step 3 - Define
Strain/Displacements and
Stress/Strain Relationships
3/29/2014 3D Problems 20

c
c
+
c
c
c
c
+
c
c
c
c
+
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
=

c
c
c
= c
z
u
x
w
y
w
z
v
x
v
y
u
z
w
y
v
x
u
xz
yz
xy
z
y
x
3/29/2014 3D Problems 21
4 3 2 1
B B B B B
3/29/2014 3D Problems 22
x , 1 z , 1
y , 1 z , 1
x , 1 y , 1
z , 1
y , 1
x , 1
1
N 0 N
N N 0
0 N N
N 0 0
0 N 0
0 0 N
B
3/29/2014 3D Problems 23
1 1
1 1
1 1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0 0
0 0
0 0
V 6
1
B
3/29/2014 3D Problems 24
Stress/Strain
o
o
o
t
t
t
v v
v v v
v v v
v v v
c
c
c

v
v
v
x
y
z
xy
yz
zx
x
y
z
xy
yz
zx
E

=
+

(
(
(
(
(
(
(

( )( )
(1 )
(1 )
(1 )
1 1 2
1 0 0 0
1 0 0 0
1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
2
2
2
2
2
2
3/29/2014 3D Problems 25
Step 4 - Element Stiffness
dV B D B k
f d dV B D B
T
V
T
V
3/29/2014 3D Problems 26
V B D B k
T
[B] and [D] are constant, therefore:
3/29/2014 3D Problems 27
{ } | | { } dV X N f
T
V
b
}}}
=
Body Forces
3/29/2014 3D Problems 28
{ } | | { } dS T N f
S
T
s
}}
=
Surface Forces
3/29/2014 3D Problems 29
{ } | | { }
{ } | | dS
p
p
p
N f
dS T N f
S
z
y
x
, , surface
on evaluated
T
s
S
T
s
}}
}}

=
=
3 2 1
Uniform pressure on surface 1-2-3
3/29/2014 3D Problems 30
{ } 123 surface of Area S
0
0
0
p
p
p
p
p
p
p
p
p
3
S
f
123
z
y
x
z
y
x
z
y
x
123
s
=

=
3/29/2014 3D Problems 31
Volume Coordinates
1
3
4
2
x
y
z
P
3/29/2014 3D Problems 32
At a point P, four tetrahedrons can be drawn,
P-2-3-4, P-1-3-4, P-1-2-4, and P-1-2-3.

Let V be the volume of tetrahedron 1-2-3-4.
Let V
1
be the volume of tetrahedron P-2-3-4.
Let V
2
be the volume of tetrahedron P-1-3-4.
Let V
3
be the volume of tetrahedron P-1-2-4.
Let V
4
be the volume of tetrahedron P-1-2-3.
3/29/2014 3D Problems 33

1
= V
1
/V

2
= V
2
/V

3
= V
3
/V

4
= V
4
/V

1
+
2
+

3
+

4
= 1
3/29/2014 3D Problems 34
4 3 2 1
4 3 2 1
4 2 2 1
4
3
2
1
4 3 2 1
4 3 2 1
4 2 2 1
z z z z
y y y y
x x x x
1 1 1 1
V 6
z z z z
y y y y
x x x x
1 1 1 1
z
y
x
1
=

(
(
(
(

3/29/2014 3D Problems 35
Shape Functions:

1
= N
1

2
= N
2

3
= N
3

4
= N
4


| = N
1
|
1
+ N
2
|
2
+ N
3
|
3
+ N
4
|
4
3/29/2014 3D Problems 36
n)! m l k (3
n! m! l! k!
+ + + +
=
}}}
V dV
V
n m l k
6
4 3 2 1
Integration
3/29/2014 3D Problems 37
0 z y x at is centroid and 2 t s r if
z y x
20
V
dV z y x
4
1 i
t
i
s
i
r
i
t
y x
s r
s r
= = = = + +
=
=
Centroidal Coordinates
3/29/2014 3D Problems 38
z t s 1
z
t
s
4
3
2
1
3/29/2014 3D Problems 39
z z z z z
y y y y y
x x x x x
4
4
3
3
2
2
1
1
4
4
3
3
2
2
1
1
4
4
3
3
2
2
1
1
c
c
c
| c
+
c
c
c
| c
+
c
c
c
| c
+
c
c
c
| c
=
c
| c
c
c
c
| c
+
c
c
c
| c
+
c
c
c
| c
+
c
c
c
| c
=
c
| c
c
c
c
| c
+
c
c
c
| c
+
c
c
c
| c
+
c
c
c
| c
=
c
| c
Chain Rule
3/29/2014 3D Problems 40
z
z
z
f
z
y
y
f
z
x
x
f
t
f
t
z
z
f
t
y
y
f
t
x
x
f
s
f
s
z
z
f
s
y
y
f
s
x
x
f
r
f
Chain Rule:
3/29/2014 3D Problems 41
z
z
z
y
z
x
t
z
t
y
t
x
s
z
s
y
s
x
z
f
z
y
z
x
t
f
t
y
t
x
s
f
s
y
s
x
x
f
z
z
z
y
z
x
t
z
t
y
t
x
s
z
s
y
s
x
z
z
z
f
z
x
t
z
t
f
t
x
s
z
s
f
s
x
x
f
z
z
z
y
z
x
t
z
t
y
t
x
s
z
s
y
s
x
z
z
z
y
z
f
t
z
t
y
t
f
s
z
s
y
s
f
x
f
'
c
c
'
c
c
'
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
'
c
c
'
c
c
'
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
=
c
c
'
c
c
'
c
c
'
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
'
c
c
'
c
c
'
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
=
c
c
'
c
c
'
c
c
'
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
'
c
c
'
c
c
'
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
=
c
c
3/29/2014 3D Problems 42
z
z
z
y
z
x
s
z
t
y
t
x
s
z
s
y
s
x
J
Jacobian matrix:
3/29/2014 3D Problems 43
{ }
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )

(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(

c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
=

c
c
c
= c
w
v
u
x z
y z
x y
z
y
0
0
x
xz
yz
xy
z
y
x
Strains in terms of an operator matrix:
3/29/2014 3D Problems 44
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
z z
y
z
x
t t
y
t
x
s s
y
s
x
J z
z
z
z z
x
t
z
t t
x
s
z
s s
x
J y
z
z
z
y
z
t
z
t
y
t
s
z
s
y
s
J x
'
c
c
'
c
c
'
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
=
c
c
'
c
c
'
c
c
'
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
=
c
c
'
c
c
'
c
c
'
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
=
c
c
1
1 1
3/29/2014 3D Problems 45
Hexahedral elements
Linear element
8 corner nodes
Natural Coordinates s , t, z'
Corners at 1
3/29/2014 3D Problems 46
s
z'
t
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
3/29/2014 3D Problems 47
4
z z 1 t t 1 s s 1
N
z
y
x
N 0 0
0 N 0
0 0 N
z
y
x
i i i
i
8
1 i
i
i
i
i
i
i
' '
+ + +
=

(
(
(

=
3/29/2014 3D Problems 48
( )( )( )
( )( )( )
4
1 1 1
1
1
1
1
4
1 1 1
z t s
N
z
t
s
i
z z t t s s
N
i
i
i
i
i i i
i
'
+
=
=
'
=
=
=
' '
+ + +
=
3/29/2014 3D Problems 49
z
z
z
y
z
x
s
z
t
y
t
x
s
z
s
y
s
x
J
Jacobian matrix:
3/29/2014 3D Problems 50
z
z
z
y
z
x
t
z
t
y
t
x
s
z
s
y
s
x
z
f
z
y
z
x
t
f
t
y
t
x
s
f
s
y
s
x
x
f
z
z
z
y
z
x
t
z
t
y
t
x
s
z
s
y
s
x
z
z
z
f
z
x
t
z
t
f
t
x
s
z
s
f
s
x
x
f
z
z
z
y
z
x
t
z
t
y
t
x
s
z
s
y
s
x
z
z
z
y
z
f
t
z
t
y
t
f
s
z
s
y
s
f
x
f
'
c
c
'
c
c
'
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
'
c
c
'
c
c
'
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
=
c
c
'
c
c
'
c
c
'
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
'
c
c
'
c
c
'
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
=
c
c
'
c
c
'
c
c
'
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
'
c
c
'
c
c
'
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
=
c
c
3/29/2014 3D Problems 51
{ }
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )

(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(

c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
=

c
c
c
= c
w
v
u
x z
y z
x y
z
y
0
0
x
xz
yz
xy
z
y
x
Strains in terms of an operator matrix:
3/29/2014 3D Problems 52
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
z z
y
z
x
t t
y
t
x
s s
y
s
x
J z
z
z
z z
x
t
z
t t
x
s
z
s s
x
J y
z
z
z
y
z
t
z
t
y
t
s
z
s
y
s
J x
'
c
c
'
c
c
'
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
=
c
c
'
c
c
'
c
c
'
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
=
c
c
'
c
c
'
c
c
'
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
=
c
c
1
1 1
3/29/2014 3D Problems 53
Gaussian Quadrature can be
performed in three dimensions
in a manner similar to that which
was previously discussed

See Table 12-1
3/29/2014 3D Problems 54
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
20-Noded Quadratic Element
3/29/2014 3D Problems 55
Corner Nodes:
2 z z t t s s
8
z z 1 t t 1 s s 1
N
i i
i i i
i

' '
+ +
' '
+ + +
=
3/29/2014 3D Problems 56
Mid-side Nodes (s
i
= 0):
4
z z 1 t t 1 s 1
N
i i
2
i
3/29/2014 3D Problems 57
Mid-side Nodes (t
i
= 0):
4
z z 1 t 1 s s 1
N
i
2
i
i
3/29/2014 3D Problems 58
Mid-side Nodes (z
i
= 0):
4
z 1 t t 1 s s 1
N
2
i i
i
3/29/2014 3D Problems 59
Stiffness Matrix 60 x 60
3 x 3 x 3 Quadrature Rule.
27 Integration points.
180 + 30 =210 terms to evaluate.