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Lab 2

The document summarizes key invertebrate relatives of craniates, including hemichordates and chordates. Hemichordates like acorn worms share some chordate traits but lack a notochord. Chordates are defined by features including a notochord, postanal tail, endostyle, and tadpole larvae. They include urochordates/tunicates, cephalochordates/lancelets, and craniates including vertebrates and hagfish. Tunicates are marine, sessile animals with a cellulose tunic, while amphioxus are the primary cephalochordate genus comprising around 30 species.

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28 views9 pages

Lab 2

The document summarizes key invertebrate relatives of craniates, including hemichordates and chordates. Hemichordates like acorn worms share some chordate traits but lack a notochord. Chordates are defined by features including a notochord, postanal tail, endostyle, and tadpole larvae. They include urochordates/tunicates, cephalochordates/lancelets, and craniates including vertebrates and hagfish. Tunicates are marine, sessile animals with a cellulose tunic, while amphioxus are the primary cephalochordate genus comprising around 30 species.

Uploaded by

Rae Jones
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lab 2

Intro to the invertebrate relatives of Craniata

Hemichordata
-Hypothesized to be the CER to Chordata -90 described species of enteropneusts (acorn worms) and around 30 described pterobranchs -Like chordates, hemichordates are deuterostomes with pharyngeal gill slits and most have a dorsal (and sometimes hollow) nerve cord. However, they lack a notochord. As adults, all or nearly all hemichordates are benthic (bottom-dwelling) marine animals.

basic body plan of an acorn worm includes a short, often conical, proboscis; a collar, which bears the ventral mouth at its anterior end; and a long trunk with the anus situated at its posterior end

Acorn Worm

Chordata
- Include Urochordata, Cephalochordata, and Craniata - The vertebrates and hagfishes together comprise the taxon Craniata (Lab 3) - The remaining chordates are the tunicates (Urochordata), lancelets (Cephalochordata) - Chordates are active animals
- with bilaterally symmetric bodies - longitudinally differentiated into head, trunk and tail

The most distinctive morphological features of chordates are:


Notochord: flexible, rod-like structure extending the length of the body Postanal tail: an extension of the body that runs past the anal opening Endostyle: longitudinal ciliated groove on the ventral wall of the pharynx that produces mucus to gather food particles Tadpole larvae phase

Urochordata
-Hyp to be the CER to Euchordata
(Cephalochordata + Craniata) -2,200 species -marine, sessile -tunic made of a cellulose-like polysaccharide

Tunicates

Cephalochordata
-30 species -Most are amphioxus or lancelets

Amphioxus

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