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    Euler-Bernoulli Bending Theory (Pure Bending Moment) ψ z: dw u z dx

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    eulerintegral
    1) Euler-Bernoulli beam theory and Timoshenko beam theory are described for modeling pure bending of beams. 2) In Euler-Bernoulli theory, plane sections remain plane during bending, while Timoshenko theory accounts for shear deformation. 3) The stresses, bending moment, and shear force are derived using equilibrium equations for both theories. 4) An example problem is solved for the deflection of a beam under a point load using both theories.

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    Euler-Bernoulli Bending Theory (Pure Bending Moment) ψ z: dw u z dx

    Uploaded by

    eulerintegral
    171 views13 pages
    1) Euler-Bernoulli beam theory and Timoshenko beam theory are described for modeling pure bending of beams. 2) In Euler-Bernoulli theory, plane sections remain plane during bending, while Timoshenko theory accounts for shear deformation. 3) The stresses, bending moment, and shear force are derived using equilibrium equations for both theories. 4) An example problem is solved for the deflection of a beam under a point load using both theories.

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    Beam Theory

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    1) Euler-Bernoulli beam theory and Timoshenko beam theory are described for modeling pure bending of beams. 2) In Euler-Bernoulli theory, plane sections remain plane during bending, while Timoshenko theory accounts for shear deformation. 3) The stresses, bending moment, and shear force are derived using equilibrium equations for both theories. 4) An example problem is solved for the deflection of a beam under a point load using both theories.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    171 views13 pages

    Euler-Bernoulli Bending Theory (Pure Bending Moment) ψ z: dw u z dx

    Uploaded by

    eulerintegral
    1) Euler-Bernoulli beam theory and Timoshenko beam theory are described for modeling pure bending of beams. 2) In Euler-Bernoulli theory, plane sections remain plane during bending, while Timoshenko theory accounts for shear deformation. 3) The stresses, bending moment, and shear force are derived using equilibrium equations for both theories. 4) An example problem is solved for the deflection of a beam under a point load using both theories.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 13

    Euler-Bernoulli Bending Theory (Pure Bending Moment)

    z M x

    D dw C dx B

    neutral axis

    uz = w(x) = vertical deflection of the neutral axis

    ux

    z
    u x = z ( x )
    dx

    dw

    If the plane AB remains perpendicular to CD

    dw dx

    ux = z

    dw dx

    ux = z

    dw dx

    u x d 2w = z 2 xx = x dx

    If we assume

    yy = zz = xy = yz = 0
    1 xx ( yy + zz ) E

    The stress-strain relations give


    xx =

    d 2w xx = E z 2 dx

    xz = G

    u x u z + x z

    dw dw = G =0 dx dx

    d 2w xx = E z 2 dx
    y z

    xx
    M

    M = xx z dA
    A

    =E

    d w 2 z dA dx 2 A

    d 2w = EI 2 dx

    xx =

    Mz I
    neutral axis is at centroid cross-section must be symmetric

    A
    A

    xx

    dA = 0

    zdA = 0
    A

    xx y dA = 0

    y z dA = 0
    A

    Engineering Beam Theory

    qz

    M ( x) z = Let xx I V ( x)Q ( z ) xz = I t ( z)

    [ Note: we still have u x = z

    dw dw = dx dx

    so that

    xz = 0

    (inconsistent) ]

    M V

    dM 2 = V ( x) d w dx M = EI 2 dx dV = qz ( x ) dx

    d 4w EI 4 = qz ( x ) dx

    qz applied force/unit length on beam in zdirection

    dM = V ( x) dx dV = qz ( x ) dx

    How are these internal force and bending moment equilibrium relations related to our local equilibrium equations?

    xx xy xz + + =0 x y z
    xy x + yy y + yz z =0

    xz yz zz + + =0 x y z

    xx xy xz + + =0 x y z
    multiply by z and integrate over the cross-section, A

    z
    A

    xx dA + z xy + xz x y z A

    dA = 0

    or, equivalently

    d z dA + z + z ( ) ( ) xx xy xz dA xz dA = 0 y dx z A A A

    - M(x) z n
    nz ny

    - V(x)
    f dA = f n y ds y A C

    f dA = f nz ds z A C

    Gauss theorem (2-D)

    dM + z ( n y xy + nz xz ) ds + V ( x ) = 0 dx C
    z n y

    Tx(

    n)

    Tx( ) = 0
    n

    dM = V ( x) dx

    Now, consider

    xz yz zz + + =0 x y z
    integrating over A

    yz zz d xz dA + + dx A y z A
    -V(x)

    dA = 0

    dV + ( yz n y + zz nz ) ds = 0 dx C
    Tz( n )

    Tz( n )

    z y
    ( ) T z ds = qz ( x )
    n C

    applied force/unit length in zdirection

    dV = qz ( x ) dx

    Last remaining equilibrium equation is:

    xy x

    yy y

    yz z

    =0

    Integrating over A gives

    yy yz d dA + + xy dx A y z A
    Vy

    dA = 0

    dVy dx

    + ( yy ny + yz nz ) ds = 0
    C

    Ty( n )
    Ty
    ( n)

    ( ) T y ds = q y ( x )
    n C

    applied force/unit length in ydirection

    z y

    dVy dx

    = q y ( x )

    Vy

    which is identically satisfied if

    Vy = 0, Ty( ) = 0
    n

    Timoshenko Beam Theory


    A

    z M x

    D dw C dx B

    neutral axis

    u x = z ( x )
    xx = E z
    d dx u u xz = G x + z x z

    ( x)

    dw dx

    dw
    dx

    dw = + G x ( ) dx

    better than Euler/Bernoulli but still a constant across the cross-section so introduce a form factor 2

    xx = E z

    d dx

    xz = 2G ( x ) + yy

    dw dx = zz = xy = yz = 0

    For bending moment and shear force

    M = z xx dA = E
    A

    d dx

    2 z dA = EI A

    d dx

    dw V = xz dA = 2G + dA dx A A dw = 2G + A = xz A dx

    Timoshenko Beam theory

    Euler-Bernoulli Theory

    d M = EI dx V ( x) dw ( x ) = 2 dx GA

    d 2w M = EI 2 dx dw = dx
    P

    Example:

    P x

    M = - Px L x V=-P

    d = Px dx Px 2 + C1 EI = 2 EI

    ( L) = 0 =
    This gives

    2 2 P L x

    rotation of the beam cross-section

    2 EI
    (same as ordinary beam theory)

    xx =

    Pxz I

    dw V = 2 + slope of neutral axis GA dx P ( L2 x 2 ) P = 2 + GA 2 EI


    Integrating

    P ( L2 x x3 / 3) Px + + C2 w= 2 GA 2 EI PL PL3 + + C2 = 0 w( L) = 0 2 GA 3EI

    which gives

    PL3 PL C2 = w(0) = 2 3EI GA


    bending shear

    deflection due to:

    PL3 w ( 0) = 3EI

    3E I + 1 2 2 G AL
    I 1 h = AL2 12 L
    2

    For a rectangular section of base b and height h

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