AR No.

# Boiler Tune

Recommendation Implement a boiler tuning program to maintain an optimum air-fuel ratio, improving combustion efficiency and lowering fuel use. Tuning your boiler(s) will reduce associated fuel consumption by 3.2%. Assessment Recommendation Summary Energy Cost Implementation (therm)* Savings Cost 2,356.2 $2,534 $1,000

Energy (MMBtu)* 235.6

Payback (Years) 0.4

* 1 MMBtu = 1,000,000 Btu, 1 therm = 100,000 Btu

Background Ideally, a boiler would use just enough combustion air to burn all of the fuel, with no excess air. Excess air carries heat up the stack and reduces boiler efficiency. However, all burners require some excess air to ensure complete combustion. We assume that you can operate your boiler with 4.0% excess oxygen (O2). Depending on the boiler and control strategy it could be possible to reduce excess oxygen below 4.0% for additional savings, although care must be taken to ensure combustibles (unburned fuel) and carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations do not rise to unacceptable levels. Efficiency can also be improved by cleaning scale from the waterside heat transfer surfaces. Scale deposits occur when calcium, magnesium, and silica, form a layer of material on the boiler heat exchanger surfaces. By removing the scale, heat transfer will improve, lowering stack temperatures. We measured combustion gas temperatures and composition at several firing rates in order to establish an accurate model for boiler operation. With the combustion gas analysis, we used the ASME indirect method to calculate combustion efficiency for your boiler(s) at each firing rate. We then used the operating hours that plant personnel provided to calculate annual fuel use for your boiler(s). We verified the information that we measured, obtained from plant personnel, or assumed through boiler records or logs to the extent possible. Finally, we compared the calculated boiler fuel use with your fuel bills to verify the model is consistent with your operation.

Proposal We recommend you have a boiler specialist tune your boiler to 4.0% exhaust O2 and clean your boiler water side heat exchanger surfaces to increase combustion efficiency . We suggest this be done immediately and then once every year after. We estimate a boiler tune will cost $500 per boiler. Annual savings after deducting the annual cost to tune your boiler will be $2,534, paying for the initial implementation cost of the first tuning in 0.4 years.

Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/anguskirk/

Boiler Tune
Energy Savings Summary
Total Current Energy Use Total Proposed Energy Use Energy Savings
(CE) (PE) (ES)

Equations
7,269.0 MMBtu 7,033.4 MMBtu 235.6 MMBtu
(Rf. 1) (Rf. 1) (Eq. 1)

Eq. 1) Annual Energy Savings (ES )

CE

PE

Eq. 2) Cost Savings (CS )

Implementation Cost Summary

Labor Costs Number of Boilers to Tune Labor Cost per Boiler
(B) (L)

ES EC B L
2 $500
Eq. 3) Implementation Costs (IC )
(N. 1)

B L

Economic Results Cost Savings Implementation Costs Payback

Notes

(CS) (IC) (PB)

$2,534 $1,000 0.4 years

(Eq. 2) (Eq. 3)

References
Rf. 1) Savings were calculated using the Boiler Worksheet found on the following pages.

N. 1) The boiler should be tuned immediately, and then once every year to maintain optimum efficiency.

Boiler Tune
Efficiency Summary
Current
High Medium Low Standby High

Proposed
Medium Low Standby

Boiler 1 Boiler 2

71.4% 78.3% -

68.0% -

60.8% -

18.1% -

73.3% 81.1% -

70.0% -

62.7% -

21.5% -

Total

Percent Savings 2.9% 3.4% 3.2%

Energy Savings Summary

Current
High Units
(MMBtu)

Proposed
Standby
(MMBtu)

Medium
(MMBtu)

Low
(MMBtu)

High
(MMBtu)

Medium
(MMBtu)

Low
(MMBtu)

Standby
(MMBtu)

Total Savings
(MMBtu)

Boiler 1 Boiler 2

1,000.0 5,000.0 -

Total

750.0 500.0 7,269.0

19.0 -

974.7 4,829.7 -

728.2 484.8 7,033.4

16.0 -

65.3 170.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 235.6

Cost Savings Summary

Current
High Medium Low Standby High

Proposed
Medium Low Standby

Boiler 1 Boiler 2

Total

$15,000 $11,250 $7,500 $75,000 $109,035

$285 -

$14,621 $10,923 $7,272 $72,446 $105,501

$239 -

Total Savings $980 $2,554 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $3,534

Boiler Tune
Boiler Information
Manufacturer Control Type Standby Cycle Time Purge Cycle Time On-Off 5.10 minutes 30 seconds Location Operating Hours Maximum Firing Rate Minimum Firing Rate Boiler 1 3,100 hours 1 MMBtu/hr 20%

Enviromental Data
Inlet Air Temperature Purge Air Temperature Air Humidity Ratio 80 F 75% 0.01 lbv/lb air
o

Inlet Water Temperature Atmospheric Pressure Elevation

o 50 F 14.7 psia 0 feet

Steam System
Pressure Range Steam Gas Constant Steam System Volume 10 psi 0.1103 btu/(lbm-R)
3 6 ft

Current Steam Properties

Current Steam Pressure Saturated Vapor Specific Volume Evaporated Enthalpy 100 psig 3.89 ft3/lb 880.0 btu/lbm Current Steam Temperature Saturated Liquid Enthalpy Saturated Vapor Enthalpy
o 338 F 309.0 btu/lbm 1,189.0 btu/lbm

Proposed Steam Properties

Proposed Steam Pressure Saturated Vapor Specific Volume Evaporated Enthalpy 100 psig 3.89 ft3/lb 880.0 btu/lbm Proposed Steam Temperature Saturated Liquid Enthalpy Saturated Vapor Enthalpy
o 338 F 309.0 btu/lbm 1,189.0 btu/lbm

Fuel Properties
Fuel Type Percent Carbon Percent Hydrogen Percent Oxygen Moisture Content Molecular Weight Low/Standby Fire Proposed O2 Propane 81.80% C 18.20% H 0.00% O2 0.00% 44.0 g/mol 5.00% O2 Fuel Cost Percent Sulfur Percent Nitrogen Percent Ash Higher Heating Value High/Medium Fire Proposed O2 $15.00 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 21,670 4.00%
/MMBtu S N2 btu/lbm O2

Boiler Cycling
DPVh Off Cycle 806.9 5.10 minutes Run Cycle Total Cycle 4.84 minutes 0.25 minutes

Boiler Tune
Boiler Efficiency
Current
High Medium 75% 0.75 1,000 750.0 9.0% 8.0% 8 ppm 325.0 F 245.0 F 0.5768 11.5515 6.85% 8.69% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 1.07% 83.39% 15.38% 68.0% Low 50% 0.50 1,000 500.0 8.0% 7.5% 8 ppm 300.0 F 220.0 F 0.3846 7.4589 6.54% 8.60% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 1.03% 83.83% 23.07% 60.8% Standby 19% 0.19 100 19.0 7.0% 6.0% 9 ppm 300.0 F 220.0 F 0.1461 2.7487 8.09% 8.60% 0.00% 0.01% 0.00% 0.99% 82.31% 60.71% 3.49% 18.1% High 100% 0.97 1,000 974.7 4.0% 11.2% 8 ppm 350.0 F 270.0 F 0.7497 12.9457 5.47% 8.77% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.93% 84.83% 11.53% 73.3%

Proposed
Medium 75% 0.73 1,000 728.2 4.0% 11.2% 8 ppm 325.0 F 245.0 F 0.5600 9.6714 4.96% 8.69% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.92% 85.43% 15.38% 70.0% Low 50% 0.48 1,000 484.8 5.0% 10.5% 8 ppm 300.0 F 220.0 F 0.3729 6.6186 4.72% 8.60% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.94% 85.73% 23.07% 62.7% Standby 19% 0.16 100 16.0 5.0% 10.5% 9 ppm 300.0 F 220.0 F 0.1228 2.1796 4.72% 8.60% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.94% 85.73% 60.71% 3.48% 21.5%

Energy Use
Percent Capacity Fuel Input (MMBtu/hr) Operating Hours Energy Use (MMBtu/yr) 100% 1.00 1,000 1,000.0 10.0% 8.5% 8 ppm 350.0 F 270.0 F 0.7691 15.9230 7.13% 8.77% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 1.12% 82.98% 11.53% 71.4%

Stack Conditions
O2 CO2 CO Stack Temperature Net Stack Temperature

Mass Flow Rates

Fuel Flow Rate (lbm/min) Air Flow Rate (lbm/min)

Efficiencies
Dry Gas Losses Moisture Formation Moisture in Fuel Carbon Monoxide Losses Due to Ash Moisture in the Air Combustion Efficiency Thermal Losses Cycling Losses Boiler Efficiency

Notes We calculate combustion efficiencies from the combustion gas conditions we measured using the ASME indirect method. We then calculate boiler efficiencies including radiation, convection and cycling losses. For more detailed information regarding how efficiency losses are calculated, refer to the Boiler Appendix.

Boiler Tune
Boiler Information
Manufacturer Control Type Standby Cycle Time Purge Cycle Time Full Modulating 0.97 minutes 30 seconds Location Operating Hours Maximum Firing Rate Minimum Firing Rate Boiler 2 1,000 hours 5 MMBtu/hr 20%

Enviromental Data
Inlet Air Temperature Purge Air Temperature Air Humidity Ratio 80 F 75% 0.01 lbv/lb air
o

Inlet Water Temperature Atmospheric Pressure Elevation

o 50 F 14.7 psia 0 feet

Steam System
Pressure Range Steam Gas Constant Steam System Volume 10 psi 0.1103 btu/(lbm-R)
3 30 ft

Current Steam Properties

Current Steam Pressure Saturated Vapor Specific Volume Evaporated Enthalpy 100 psig 3.89 ft3/lb 880.0 btu/lbm Current Steam Temperature Saturated Liquid Enthalpy Saturated Vapor Enthalpy
o 338 F 309.0 btu/lbm 1,189.0 btu/lbm

Proposed Steam Properties

Proposed Steam Pressure Saturated Vapor Specific Volume Evaporated Enthalpy 100 psig 3.89 ft3/lb 880.0 btu/lbm Proposed Steam Temperature Saturated Liquid Enthalpy Saturated Vapor Enthalpy
o 338 F 309.0 btu/lbm 1,189.0 btu/lbm

Fuel Properties
Fuel Type Percent Carbon Percent Hydrogen Percent Oxygen Moisture Content Molecular Weight Low/Standby Fire Proposed O2 Propane 81.80% C 18.20% H 0.00% O2 0.00% 44.0 g/mol 5.00% O2 Fuel Cost Percent Sulfur Percent Nitrogen Percent Ash Higher Heating Value High/Medium Fire Proposed O2 $15.00 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 21,670 4.00%
/MMBtu S N2 btu/lbm O2

Boiler Cycling
DPVh Off Cycle 4,034.6 0.97 minutes Run Cycle Total Cycle 0.48 minutes 0.48 minutes

Boiler Tune
Boiler Efficiency
Current
High Medium 70% 0 Low 40% 0 Standby 10% 0 High 100% 4.83 1,000 4,829.7 4.0% 11.2% 5 ppm 350.0 F 270.0 F 3.7146 64.1469 5.47% 8.77% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.93% 84.83% 3.73% 81.1%

Proposed
Medium 70% 0 Low 40% 0 Standby 10% 0 -

Energy Use
Percent Capacity Fuel Input (MMBtu/hr) Operating Hours Energy Use (MMBtu/yr) 100% 5.00 1,000 5,000.0 10.0% 7.5% 5 ppm 350.0 F 270.0 F 3.8456 79.6152 8.04% 8.77% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 1.12% 82.07% 3.73% 78.3%

Stack Conditions
O2 CO2 CO Stack Temperature Net Stack Temperature

Mass Flow Rates

Fuel Flow Rate (lbm/min) Air Flow Rate (lbm/min)

Efficiencies
Dry Gas Losses Moisture Formation Moisture in Fuel Carbon Monoxide Losses Due to Ash Moisture in the Air Combustion Efficiency Thermal Losses Cycling Losses Boiler Efficiency

Notes We calculate combustion efficiencies from the combustion gas conditions we measured using the ASME indirect method. We then calculate boiler efficiencies including radiation, convection and cycling losses. For more detailed information regarding how efficiency losses are calculated, refer to the Boiler Appendix.

Boiler Tune
Boiler Information
Manufacturer Control Type Standby Cycle Time Purge Cycle Time Location Operating Hours Maximum Firing Rate Minimum Firing Rate 0 hours
MMBtu/hr

#DIV/0! minutes 30 seconds

20%

Enviromental Data
Inlet Air Temperature Purge Air Temperature Air Humidity Ratio 80 F 75% 0.01 lbv/lb air
o

Inlet Water Temperature Atmospheric Pressure Elevation

o 50 F 14.7 psia 0 feet

Steam System
Pressure Range Steam Gas Constant Steam System Volume 10 psi 0.1103 btu/(lbm-R)
3 0 ft

Current Steam Properties

Current Steam Pressure Saturated Vapor Specific Volume Evaporated Enthalpy 100 psig 3.89 ft3/lb 880.0 btu/lbm Current Steam Temperature Saturated Liquid Enthalpy Saturated Vapor Enthalpy
o 338 F 309.0 btu/lbm 1,189.0 btu/lbm

Proposed Steam Properties

Proposed Steam Pressure Saturated Vapor Specific Volume Evaporated Enthalpy 100 psig 3.89 ft3/lb 880.0 btu/lbm Proposed Steam Temperature Saturated Liquid Enthalpy Saturated Vapor Enthalpy
o 338 F 309.0 btu/lbm 1,189.0 btu/lbm

Fuel Properties
Fuel Type Percent Carbon Percent Hydrogen Percent Oxygen Moisture Content Molecular Weight Low/Standby Fire Proposed O2 #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A
C H O2 g/mol O2

Fuel Cost Percent Sulfur Percent Nitrogen Percent Ash Higher Heating Value High/Medium Fire Proposed O2

#N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A

/MMBtu S N2 btu/lbm O2

Boiler Cycling
DPVh Off Cycle 0.0 #DIV/0! minutes Run Cycle Total Cycle #DIV/0! minutes #DIV/0! minutes

Boiler Tune
Boiler Efficiency
Current
High Medium 70% 0 Low 40% 0 Standby 10% 0 High 100% 0 -

Proposed
Medium 70% 0 Low 40% 0 Standby 10% 0 -

Energy Use
Percent Capacity Fuel Input (MMBtu/hr) Operating Hours Energy Use (MMBtu/yr) 100% 0 -

Stack Conditions
O2 CO2 CO Stack Temperature Net Stack Temperature

Mass Flow Rates

Fuel Flow Rate (lbm/min) Air Flow Rate (lbm/min)

Efficiencies
Dry Gas Losses Moisture Formation Moisture in Fuel Carbon Monoxide Losses Due to Ash Moisture in the Air Combustion Efficiency Thermal Losses Cycling Losses Boiler Efficiency

Notes We calculate combustion efficiencies from the combustion gas conditions we measured using the ASME indirect method. We then calculate boiler efficiencies including radiation, convection and cycling losses. For more detailed information regarding how efficiency losses are calculated, refer to the Boiler Appendix.

Boiler Tune
Boiler Information
Manufacturer Control Type Standby Cycle Time Purge Cycle Time Location Operating Hours Maximum Firing Rate Minimum Firing Rate 0 hours
MMBtu/hr

#DIV/0! minutes
seconds

Enviromental Data
Inlet Air Temperature Purge Air Temperature Air Humidity Ratio
o

lbv/lb air

Inlet Water Temperature Atmospheric Pressure Elevation

14.7 psia
feet

Steam System
Pressure Range Steam Gas Constant Steam System Volume psi 0.1103 btu/(lbm-R)
3 0 ft

Current Steam Properties

Current Steam Pressure Saturated Vapor Specific Volume Evaporated Enthalpy
psig

26.8 ft3/lb 970.0 btu/lbm

Current Steam Temperature Saturated Liquid Enthalpy Saturated Vapor Enthalpy

o 212 F 180.0 btu/lbm 1,150.0 btu/lbm

Proposed Steam Properties

Proposed Steam Pressure Saturated Vapor Specific Volume Evaporated Enthalpy
psig

26.8 ft3/lb 970.0 btu/lbm

Proposed Steam Temperature Saturated Liquid Enthalpy Saturated Vapor Enthalpy

o 212 F 180.0 btu/lbm 1,150.0 btu/lbm

Fuel Properties
Fuel Type Percent Carbon Percent Hydrogen Percent Oxygen Moisture Content Molecular Weight Low/Standby Fire Proposed O2 #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A
C H O2 g/mol O2

Fuel Cost Percent Sulfur Percent Nitrogen Percent Ash Higher Heating Value High/Medium Fire Proposed O2

#N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A

/MMBtu S N2 btu/lbm O2

Boiler Cycling
DPVh Off Cycle 0.0 #DIV/0! minutes Run Cycle Total Cycle #DIV/0! minutes #DIV/0! minutes

Boiler Tune
Boiler Efficiency
Current
High Medium 70% 0 Low 40% 0 Standby 10% 0 High 100% 0 -

Proposed
Medium 70% 0 Low 40% 0 Standby 10% 0 -

Energy Use
Percent Capacity Fuel Input (MMBtu/hr) Operating Hours Energy Use (MMBtu/yr) 100% 0 -

Stack Conditions
O2 CO2 CO Stack Temperature Net Stack Temperature

Mass Flow Rates

Fuel Flow Rate (lbm/min) Air Flow Rate (lbm/min)

Efficiencies
Dry Gas Losses Moisture Formation Moisture in Fuel Carbon Monoxide Losses Due to Ash Moisture in the Air Combustion Efficiency Thermal Losses Cycling Losses Boiler Efficiency

Notes We calculate combustion efficiencies from the combustion gas conditions we measured using the ASME indirect method. We then calculate boiler efficiencies including radiation, convection and cycling losses. For more detailed information regarding how efficiency losses are calculated, refer to the Boiler Appendix.

Boiler Tune
Boiler Information
Manufacturer Control Type Standby Cycle Time Purge Cycle Time Location Operating Hours Maximum Firing Rate Minimum Firing Rate 0 hours
MMBtu/hr

#DIV/0! minutes
seconds

Enviromental Data
Inlet Air Temperature Purge Air Temperature Air Humidity Ratio
o

lbv/lb air

Inlet Water Temperature Atmospheric Pressure Elevation

14.7 psia
feet

Steam System
Pressure Range Steam Gas Constant Steam System Volume psi 0.1103 btu/(lbm-R)
3 0 ft

Current Steam Properties

Current Steam Pressure Saturated Vapor Specific Volume Evaporated Enthalpy
psig

26.8 ft3/lb 970.0 btu/lbm

Current Steam Temperature Saturated Liquid Enthalpy Saturated Vapor Enthalpy

o 212 F 180.0 btu/lbm 1,150.0 btu/lbm

Proposed Steam Properties

Proposed Steam Pressure Saturated Vapor Specific Volume Evaporated Enthalpy
psig

26.8 ft3/lb 970.0 btu/lbm

Proposed Steam Temperature Saturated Liquid Enthalpy Saturated Vapor Enthalpy

o 212 F 180.0 btu/lbm 1,150.0 btu/lbm

Fuel Properties
Fuel Type Percent Carbon Percent Hydrogen Percent Oxygen Moisture Content Molecular Weight Low/Standby Fire Proposed O2 #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A
C H O2 g/mol O2

Fuel Cost Percent Sulfur Percent Nitrogen Percent Ash Higher Heating Value High/Medium Fire Proposed O2

#N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A

/MMBtu S N2 btu/lbm O2

Boiler Cycling
DPVh Off Cycle 0.0 #DIV/0! minutes Run Cycle Total Cycle #DIV/0! minutes #DIV/0! minutes

Boiler Tune
Boiler Efficiency
Current
High Medium 70% 0 Low 40% 0 Standby 10% 0 High 100% 0 -

Proposed
Medium 70% 0 Low 40% 0 Standby 10% 0 -

Energy Use
Percent Capacity Fuel Input (MMBtu/hr) Operating Hours Energy Use (MMBtu/yr) 100% 0 -

Stack Conditions
O2 CO2 CO Stack Temperature Net Stack Temperature

Mass Flow Rates

Fuel Flow Rate (lbm/min) Air Flow Rate (lbm/min)

Efficiencies
Dry Gas Losses Moisture Formation Moisture in Fuel Carbon Monoxide Losses Due to Ash Moisture in the Air Combustion Efficiency Thermal Losses Cycling Losses Boiler Efficiency

Notes We calculate combustion efficiencies from the combustion gas conditions we measured using the ASME indirect method. We then calculate boiler efficiencies including radiation, convection and cycling losses. For more detailed information regarding how efficiency losses are calculated, refer to the Boiler Appendix.

Boiler Tune
Boiler Information
Manufacturer Control Type Standby Cycle Time Purge Cycle Time Location Operating Hours Maximum Firing Rate Minimum Firing Rate 0 hours
MMBtu/hr

#DIV/0! minutes
seconds

Enviromental Data
Inlet Air Temperature Purge Air Temperature Air Humidity Ratio
o

lbv/lb air

Inlet Water Temperature Atmospheric Pressure Elevation

14.7 psia
feet

Steam System
Pressure Range Steam Gas Constant Steam System Volume psi 0.1103 btu/(lbm-R)
3 0 ft

Current Steam Properties

Current Steam Pressure Saturated Vapor Specific Volume Evaporated Enthalpy
psig

26.8 ft3/lb 970.0 btu/lbm

Current Steam Temperature Saturated Liquid Enthalpy Saturated Vapor Enthalpy

o 212 F 180.0 btu/lbm 1,150.0 btu/lbm

Proposed Steam Properties

Proposed Steam Pressure Saturated Vapor Specific Volume Evaporated Enthalpy
psig

26.8 ft3/lb 970.0 btu/lbm

Proposed Steam Temperature Saturated Liquid Enthalpy Saturated Vapor Enthalpy

o 212 F 180.0 btu/lbm 1,150.0 btu/lbm

Fuel Properties
Fuel Type Percent Carbon Percent Hydrogen Percent Oxygen Moisture Content Molecular Weight Low/Standby Fire Proposed O2 #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A
C H O2 g/mol O2

Fuel Cost Percent Sulfur Percent Nitrogen Percent Ash Higher Heating Value High/Medium Fire Proposed O2

#N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A

/MMBtu S N2 btu/lbm O2

Boiler Cycling
DPVh Off Cycle 0.0 #DIV/0! minutes Run Cycle Total Cycle #DIV/0! minutes #DIV/0! minutes

Boiler Tune
Boiler Efficiency
Current
High Medium 70% 0 Low 40% 0 Standby 10% 0 High 100% 0 -

Proposed
Medium 70% 0 Low 40% 0 Standby 10% 0 -

Energy Use
Percent Capacity Fuel Input (MMBtu/hr) Operating Hours Energy Use (MMBtu/yr) 100% 0 -

Stack Conditions
O2 CO2 CO Stack Temperature Net Stack Temperature

Mass Flow Rates

Fuel Flow Rate (lbm/min) Air Flow Rate (lbm/min)

Efficiencies
Dry Gas Losses Moisture Formation Moisture in Fuel Carbon Monoxide Losses Due to Ash Moisture in the Air Combustion Efficiency Thermal Losses Cycling Losses Boiler Efficiency

Notes We calculate combustion efficiencies from the combustion gas conditions we measured using the ASME indirect method. We then calculate boiler efficiencies including radiation, convection and cycling losses. For more detailed information regarding how efficiency losses are calculated, refer to the Boiler Appendix.

Boiler Tune
Boiler Information
Manufacturer Control Type Standby Cycle Time Purge Cycle Time Location Operating Hours Maximum Firing Rate Minimum Firing Rate 0 hours
MMBtu/hr

#DIV/0! minutes
seconds

Enviromental Data
Inlet Air Temperature Purge Air Temperature Air Humidity Ratio
o

lbv/lb air

Inlet Water Temperature Atmospheric Pressure Elevation

14.7 psia
feet

Steam System
Pressure Range Steam Gas Constant Steam System Volume psi 0.1103 btu/(lbm-R)
3 0 ft

Current Steam Properties

Current Steam Pressure Saturated Vapor Specific Volume Evaporated Enthalpy
psig

26.8 ft3/lb 970.0 btu/lbm

Current Steam Temperature Saturated Liquid Enthalpy Saturated Vapor Enthalpy

o 212 F 180.0 btu/lbm 1,150.0 btu/lbm

Proposed Steam Properties

Proposed Steam Pressure Saturated Vapor Specific Volume Evaporated Enthalpy
psig

26.8 ft3/lb 970.0 btu/lbm

Proposed Steam Temperature Saturated Liquid Enthalpy Saturated Vapor Enthalpy

o 212 F 180.0 btu/lbm 1,150.0 btu/lbm

Fuel Properties
Fuel Type Percent Carbon Percent Hydrogen Percent Oxygen Moisture Content Molecular Weight Low/Standby Fire Proposed O2 #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A
C H O2 g/mol O2

Fuel Cost Percent Sulfur Percent Nitrogen Percent Ash Higher Heating Value High/Medium Fire Proposed O2

#N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A

/MMBtu S N2 btu/lbm O2

Boiler Cycling
DPVh Off Cycle 0.0 #DIV/0! minutes Run Cycle Total Cycle #DIV/0! minutes #DIV/0! minutes

Boiler Tune
Boiler Efficiency
Current
High Medium 70% 0 Low 40% 0 Standby 10% 0 High 100% 0 -

Proposed
Medium 70% 0 Low 40% 0 Standby 10% 0 -

Energy Use
Percent Capacity Fuel Input (MMBtu/hr) Operating Hours Energy Use (MMBtu/yr) 100% 0 -

Stack Conditions
O2 CO2 CO Stack Temperature Net Stack Temperature

Mass Flow Rates

Fuel Flow Rate (lbm/min) Air Flow Rate (lbm/min)

Efficiencies
Dry Gas Losses Moisture Formation Moisture in Fuel Carbon Monoxide Losses Due to Ash Moisture in the Air Combustion Efficiency Thermal Losses Cycling Losses Boiler Efficiency

Notes We calculate combustion efficiencies from the combustion gas conditions we measured using the ASME indirect method. We then calculate boiler efficiencies including radiation, convection and cycling losses. For more detailed information regarding how efficiency losses are calculated, refer to the Boiler Appendix.

Boiler Tune
Boiler Information
Manufacturer Control Type Standby Cycle Time Purge Cycle Time Location Operating Hours Maximum Firing Rate Minimum Firing Rate 0 hours
MMBtu/hr

#DIV/0! minutes
seconds

Enviromental Data
Inlet Air Temperature Purge Air Temperature Air Humidity Ratio
o

lbv/lb air

Inlet Water Temperature Atmospheric Pressure Elevation

14.7 psia
feet

Steam System
Pressure Range Steam Gas Constant Steam System Volume psi 0.1103 btu/(lbm-R)
3 0 ft

Current Steam Properties

Current Steam Pressure Saturated Vapor Specific Volume Evaporated Enthalpy
psig

26.8 ft3/lb 970.0 btu/lbm

Current Steam Temperature Saturated Liquid Enthalpy Saturated Vapor Enthalpy

o 212 F 180.0 btu/lbm 1,150.0 btu/lbm

Proposed Steam Properties

Proposed Steam Pressure Saturated Vapor Specific Volume Evaporated Enthalpy
psig

26.8 ft3/lb 970.0 btu/lbm

Proposed Steam Temperature Saturated Liquid Enthalpy Saturated Vapor Enthalpy

o 212 F 180.0 btu/lbm 1,150.0 btu/lbm

Fuel Properties
Fuel Type Percent Carbon Percent Hydrogen Percent Oxygen Moisture Content Molecular Weight Low/Standby Fire Proposed O2 #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A
C H O2 g/mol O2

Fuel Cost Percent Sulfur Percent Nitrogen Percent Ash Higher Heating Value High/Medium Fire Proposed O2

#N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A

/MMBtu S N2 btu/lbm O2

Boiler Cycling
DPVh Off Cycle 0.0 #DIV/0! minutes Run Cycle Total Cycle #DIV/0! minutes #DIV/0! minutes

Boiler Tune
Boiler Efficiency
Current
High Medium 70% 0 Low 40% 0 Standby 10% 0 High 100% 0 -

Proposed
Medium 70% 0 Low 40% 0 Standby 10% 0 -

Energy Use
Percent Capacity Fuel Input (MMBtu/hr) Operating Hours Energy Use (MMBtu/yr) 100% 0 -

Stack Conditions
O2 CO2 CO Stack Temperature Net Stack Temperature

Mass Flow Rates

Fuel Flow Rate (lbm/min) Air Flow Rate (lbm/min)

Efficiencies
Dry Gas Losses Moisture Formation Moisture in Fuel Carbon Monoxide Losses Due to Ash Moisture in the Air Combustion Efficiency Thermal Losses Cycling Losses Boiler Efficiency

Notes We calculate combustion efficiencies from the combustion gas conditions we measured using the ASME indirect method. We then calculate boiler efficiencies including radiation, convection and cycling losses. For more detailed information regarding how efficiency losses are calculated, refer to the Boiler Appendix.

Fuel Type

Wood

Fuel Properties Summary

C Units Coal Natural Gas Fuel Oil 2 Fuel Oil 6 Propane Bio-Diesel Wood Wood Species (%) 94.65% 71.01% 86.03% 87.40% 81.80% 86.03% 52.30% S (%) 0.03% 0.00% 2.00% 1.40% 0.00% 2.00% 0.00% Douglas Fir Wood H (%) 5.27% 23.66% 12.42% 9.99% 18.20% 12.42% 6.30% N2 (%) 0.03% 3.82% 0.10% 0.92% 0.00% 0.10% 0.10% O2 (%) 0.06% 1.15% 0.00% 0.28% 0.00% 0.00% 40.50% Ash (%) 0.00% 0.00% 0.10% 0.00% 0.00% 0.10% 0.80%

Actual Wood Moisture Content (Wet Basis)

Wood Properties Summary

C Units Douglas Fir Wood Douglas Fir Bark Western Hemlock Wood Western Hemlock Bark Lodgepole Pine Lodgepole Pine Bark Ponderosa Pine Ponderosa Pine Bark Redwood Redwood Bark Western Red Cedar Western Red Cedar Bark Port Orford Cedar Port Orford Cedar Bark Red Alder Red Alder Bark Oregon Ash Oregon Ash Bark Bigleaf Maple Bigleaf Maple Bark Oregon White Oak Oregon White Oak Bark Generic Softwood Generic Softwood Bark Generic Hardwood Generic Hardwood Bark Generic Wood (%) 52.30% 56.20% 50.40% 53.00% 52.90% 55.00% 52.90% 53.10% 53.50% 51.90% 52.90% 53.10% 52.90% 53.10% 50.80% 51.20% 50.80% 51.20% 50.80% 51.20% 50.80% 51.20% 52.90% 53.10% 50.80% 51.20% 37.50% S (%) 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% H (%) 6.30% 6.20% 5.80% 6.20% 6.30% 5.80% 6.30% 5.90% 5.90% 5.10% 6.30% 5.90% 6.30% 5.90% 6.40% 6.00% 6.40% 6.00% 6.40% 6.00% 6.40% 6.00% 6.30% 5.90% 6.40% 6.00% 7.18% N2 (%) 0.10% 0.10% 0.10% 0.10% 0.10% 0.10% 0.10% 0.20% 0.10% 0.10% 0.10% 0.20% 0.10% 0.20% 0.40% 0.40% 0.40% 0.40% 0.40% 0.40% 0.40% 0.40% 0.10% 0.20% 0.40% 0.40% 0.01% O2 (%) 40.50% 37.30% 41.40% 39.30% 39.70% 38.60% 39.70% 37.90% 40.30% 42.40% 39.70% 37.90% 39.70% 37.90% 41.80% 37.90% 41.80% 37.90% 41.80% 37.90% 41.80% 37.90% 39.70% 37.90% 41.80% 37.90% 53.20% Ash (%) 0.80% 0.20% 2.20% 1.50% 1.00% 0.80% 1.00% 2.90% 0.20% 0.50% 1.00% 2.90% 1.00% 2.90% 0.60% 4.50% 0.60% 4.50% 0.60% 4.50% 0.60% 4.50% 1.00% 2.90% 0.60% 4.50% 0.00%

Taken from: Research Bulletin 60, OSU Forest Research Lab, 9/87.

mmary
MC (%) 0.00% 0.00% 0.50% 0.00% 0.00% 0.50% 33.00% oisture Content (Wet Basis) HHV (Btu/lb) 14,203 21,869 18,800 18,300 21,670 18,800 8,600 Molecular Weight 483.4 16.7 208.0 338.0 44.0 208.0 26.0 50.0% Proposed O2 High Low (%) (%) 4.5% 5.5% 4.0% 5.0% 4.0% 5.0% 4.0% 5.0% 4.0% 5.0% 4.0% 5.0% 8.0% 8.5%

MC (%) 33.00% 33.00% 44.00% 41.00% 36.00% 50.00% 52.00% 23.00% 55.00% 12.00% 33.00% 32.00% 30.00% 25.00% 50.00% 45.00% 32.00% 32.00% 38.00% 38.00% 41.00% 41.00% 50.00% 40.00% 50.00% 40.00% 50.00%

HHV (Btu/lb) 8,600 10,000 8,500 9,400 8,600 10,000 9,100 9,500 9,000 8,350 9,000 8,850 9,000 9,000 8,000 8,600 8,200 8,200 8,250 8,300 8,110 8,110 9,000 9,100 9,000 9,100 9,450

Percent Combustible (%)

1.40% 0.18%

3.75%

2.01% 0.51%

1.08%

Properties of Steam
Gauge Pressure
(psig)

Temperature
(oF)

Specific Volume Saturated Vapor Saturated Liquid

(ft3/lb) (Btu/lb)

Enthalpy Evaporated
(Btu/lb)

Saturated Vapor
(Btu/lb)

Gauge Pressure
(psig)

25 (vacuum) 20 (vacuum) 15 (vacuum) 10 (vacuum) 5 (vacuum) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85

134 162 179 192 203 212 215 219 222 224 227 230 232 233 237 239 244 248 252 256 259 262 265 268 271 274 277 279 282 284 286 289 291 293 295 298 300 307 312 316 320 324 328

142 73.9 51.3 39.4 31.8 26.8 25.2 23.5 22.3 21.4 20.1 19.4 18.7 18.4 17.1 16.5 15.3 14.3 13.4 12.6 11.9 11.3 10.8 10.3 9.85 9.46 9.1 8.75 8.42 8.08 7.82 7.57 7.31 7.14 6.94 6.68 6.27 5.84 5.49 5.18 4.91 4.67 4.44

102 129 147 160 171 180 183 187 190 192 195 198 200 201 205 207 212 216 220 224 227 230 233 236 239 243 246 248 251 253 256 258 260 262 264 267 271 277 282 286 290 294 298

1,017 1,001 990 982 976 970 968 966 964 962 960 959 957 956 954 953 949 947 944 941 939 937 934 933 930 929 927 925 923 922 920 918 917 915 914 912 909 906 901 898 895 891 889

1,119 1,130 1,137 1,142 1,147 1,150 1,151 1,153 1,154 1,154 1,155 1,157 1,157 1,157 1,159 1,160 1,161 1,163 1,164 1,165 1,166 1,167 1,167 1,169 1,169 1,172 1,173 1,173 1,174 1,175 1,176 1,176 1,177 1,177 1,178 1,179 1,180 1,183 1,183 1,184 1,185 1,185 1,187

90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 195 200 205 210 215 220 225 230 235 240 245 250 255 260 265 270 275 280 285 290 295 300 305 310 315 320

331 335 338 341 344 347 350 353 356 358 361 363 366 368 371 373 375 377 380 382 384 386 388 390 392 394 396 397 399 401 403 404 406 408 409 411 413 414 416 417 418 420 421 423 425 426 427

4.24 4.05 3.89 3.74 3.59 3.46 3.34 3.23 3.12 3.02 2.92 2.84 2.74 2.68 2.6 2.54 2.47 2.41 2.31 2.29 2.24 2.19 2.14 2.09 2.05 2 1.96 1.92 1.89 1.85 1.81 1.78 1.75 1.72 1.69 1.66 1.63 1.6 1.57 1.55 1.53 1.49 1.47 1.45 1.43 1.41 1.38

302 305 309 312 316 319 322 325 328 330 333 336 339 341 344 346 348 351 353 355 358 360 362 364 366 368 370 372 374 376 378 380 382 383 385 387 389 391 392 394 395 397 398 400 402 404 405

886 883 880 878 875 873 871 868 866 864 861 859 857 855 853 851 849 847 845 843 841 839 837 836 834 832 830 828 827 825 823 822 820 819 817 815 814 812 811 809 808 806 805 803 802 800 799

1,188 1,188 1,189 1,190 1,191 1,192 1,193 1,193 1,194 1,194 1,194 1,195 1,196 1,196 1,197 1,197 1,197 1,198 1,198 1,198 1,199 1,199 1,199 1,200 1,200 1,200 1,200 1,200 1,201 1,201 1,201 1,202 1,202 1,202 1,202 1,202 1,203 1,203 1,203 1,203 1,203 1,203 1,203 1,203 1,204 1,204 1,204

325 330 335 340 345 350 355 360 365 370 375 380 385 390 395 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 900 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3206.2

429 430 432 433 434 435 437 438 440 441 442 443 445 446 447 448 460 470 479 489 497 505 513 520 534 546 574 597 618 636 654 669 683 696 705.4

1.36 1.34 1.33 1.31 1.29 1.28 1.26 1.24 1.22 1.2 1.19 1.18 1.16 1.14 1.13 1.12 1 0.89 0.82 0.74 0.69 0.64 0.6 0.56 0.49 0.44 0.34 0.23 0.22 0.19 0.16 0.13 0.11 0.08 -

407 408 410 411 413 414 416 417 419 420 421 422 424 425 427 428 439 453 464 475 483 491 504 512 529 544 580 610 642 672 701 733 764 804 -

797 796 794 793 791 790 789 788 786 785 784 783 781 780 778 777 766 751 740 728 719 710 696 686 666 647 600 557 509 462 413 358 295 213 -

1,204 1,204 1,204 1,204 1,204 1,204 1,205 1,205 1,205 1,205 1,205 1,205 1,205 1,205 1,205 1,205 1,205 1,204 1,204 1,203 1,202 1,201 1,200 1,198 1,195 1,191 1,180 1,167 1,151 1,134 1,114 1,091 1,059 1,017 -

Linear Interpolation Formulas

Temperature
( F)
o

Specific Volume Saturated Vapor Saturated Liquid

(ft /lb)
3

Enthalpy Evaporated
(Btu/lb)

Saturated Vapor
(Btu/lb)

(Btu/lb)

212.0

26.8

180.0

970.0

1,150.0