CE: 5155 Finite Element Analysis of Structure

System

Final Term Paper

Submitted By:

Haris Alam

Submitted To:
Dr. Muhammad Adil
M.Sc. Structural Engineering
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
UET PESHAWAR.

Q#01 Difference b/w Galerkins & Principle of Minimum Potential Energy.

Galerkins Method (Weighted Residual Method):

In this method, the element matrices and vectors are derived directly from the
governing differential equations of the problem without reliance on the Variational
statement of the problem. This method offers the most general procedure for deriving
finite element equations and can be applied to almost all practical problems of science
and engineering. Again. Within the weighted residual approach, different procedures,
such as Galerkins method and least squares method, can be used in deriving the element
equations.

Principle of Minimum Potential Energy (Variational Formulation Method):

The potential energy of an elastic body p, is defined as

p = - W

Where is the strain energy, and W is the work done on the body by the external forces.
The principle of minimum potential energy can be stated as follows" Of all possible
displacement states (u. v. and u') a body can assume that satisfy compatibility and given
kinematic or displacement boundary conditions, the state that satisfies the equilibrium
equations makes the potential energy assume a minimum value.

Q # 02

Global Node Number

Nodal Coordinates

Nodal Unknowns

1
2
3
4

(0,0)
(300,0)
(300,250)
(150,150)

(U1,U2)
(U3,U4)
(U5,U6)
(U7,U8)

Table 1.Global Coordinates

Element
Number

Node 1

Node 2

Node 3

1
2

1
2

2
3

4
4

Table.2 Element Connectivity

Formula Used:

1
0

E
1
0
=
D

(1 + )(1 2 )
1 2
0
0

*T =[(1 + )T (1 + )T 0]

(i )

y23
1

=
0
2* Area
x32

0
x32
y23

y31
0
x13

0
x13
y31

y12
0
x21

x21
y12

=
K ( e ) B ( e ) T * D * B ( e ) * ( e )

The above mention formulae are used in Mathematica Portion Attached.

List of Notations
S.No

Notation

Description

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.

Em
Nu
Alp
DelT
Len
x1,x2.y3,y4
Ar1
Ar2
Vol1
Vol2
Dmat
Eps
K1mat
K2mat
PEp1
PEp2

17.

Pep1

18.

Pep2

19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.

Pt1
Pt2
Pmat
K1MAT
K2MAT
KMatrix
RedKmat
RedPmat
UMat

Modulus of Elasticity
Poisson Ratio
Coefficient of Expansion
Change in Temperature
Length
Nodal Coordinates
Area of Element 1
Area of Element 2
Volume of Element 1
Volume of Element 2
D Matrix

Stiffness Matrix of Element1

Stiffness Matrix of Element 2
Load Matrix of Element 1 Due to Change in Temperature
Load Matrix of Element 2 Due to Change in Temperature
Modified Load Matrix of Element1 Due to Change in
Temperature
Modified Load Matrix of Element2 Due to Change in
Temperature
Load Matrix of Element 1 Due to Surface Pressure
Load Matrix of Element 2 Due to Surface Pressure
Total Load Matrix
Modified Stiffness Matrix of Element 1
Modified Stiffness Matrix of Element 2
Global Stiffness Matrix
Reduced Stiffness Matrix
Reduced Load Matrix
Displacement Matrix

In[1]:=

Em = 3 * 10 ^ 6 * 144
Nu = .20

Out[1]=

432 000 000

Out[2]=

0.2

In[3]:=

Alp = 10 ^ - 5
DelT = 40
1

Out[3]=

100 000
Out[4]=

In[5]:=

40
Design ft
Len = 1
Design

Out[5]=

ft
Out[6]=

In[7]:=

1
x1
x2
x3
x4
y1
y2
y3
y4

Out[7]=

Out[8]=

300

Out[9]=

300

Out[10]=

150

Out[11]=

Out[12]=

Out[13]=

250

Out[14]=

150

In[15]:=
Out[15]=

In[16]:=
Out[16]=

In[17]:=
Out[17]=

In[18]:=

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

0
300
300
150
0
0
250
150

y231 = y2 - y4
-150
y311 = y4 - y1
150
y121 = y1 - y2
0

FEA FINAL-TERM PAPER.nb

In[19]:=

x321 = x4 - x2

Out[19]=

-150

In[20]:=

x131
x211
y232
y312
y122
x322
x132
x212

Out[20]=

-150

Out[21]=

300

Out[22]=

100

Out[23]=

150

Out[24]=

-250

Out[25]=

-150

Out[26]=

-150

Out[27]=

300

In[28]:=

Out[28]=

In[29]:=
Out[29]=

In[30]:=
Out[30]=

In[31]:=

Out[31]=

In[32]:=
Out[32]=

In[33]:=
Out[33]=

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

x1 - x4
x2 - x1
y3 - y4
y4 - y2
y2 - y3
x4 - x2
x1 - x4
x2 - x1

Mmat = 881, 1, 1<, 8x1, x2, x4<, 8y1, y2, y4<<

1 1
1
0 300 150
0 0 150

Ar1 = Det@MmatD * 1 2

22 500

Vol1 = Ar1 * Len

22 500
Mmat1 = 881, 1, 1<, 8x2, x3, x4<, 8y2, y3, y4<<
1
1
1
300 300 150
0 250 150

Ar2 = Det@Mmat1D * 1 2

18 750

Vol2 = Ar2 * Len

18 750

FEA FINAL-TERM PAPER.nb

In[34]:=

Out[34]=

In[35]:=

Out[35]=

In[36]:=

Bmat1 = 88y231, 0, y311, 0, y121, 0<,

80, x321, 0, x131, 0, x211<, 8x321, y231, x131, y311, x211, y121<<
-150
0
150
0
0
0
0
-150
0
-150 0 300
-150 -150 -150 150 300 0

Bmat2 = 88y232, 0, y312, 0, y122, 0<,

80, x322, 0, x132, 0, x212<, 8x322, y232, x132, y312, x212, y122<<
100
0
150
0
-250
0
0
-150
0
-150
0
300
-150 100 -150 150 300 -250

B1 = 1 H2 * Ar1L * Bmat1
1

Out[36]=

- 300

1
- 300
1
- 300

- 300
In[37]:=

::-

1
300

1
- 300
1
300

1
150

1
150

- 300

1
, 0,

300
1

, 0, 0, 0>, :0, -

1
, 0, -

300
300
1
1
1
1
:,,,
,
, 0>>
300
300
300 300 150
1

Out[37]=

- 300

- 300

1
1

1
300

0
1

- 300 - 300 - 300

In[38]:=

Out[38]=

1
375

0
1

- 300

1
150

1
300

1
150

1
250

- 250

1
375

- 250

- 150

- 250

1
250

1
125

1
125
1
- 150

B1trp = Transpose@B1D
1

- 300
0
Out[39]=

B2 = 1 H2 * Ar2L * Bmat2

- 250
In[39]:=

0
1

- 300
1

- 300 - 300

1
300

- 300

1
150

- 300
1
300
1
150

1
, 0,

300

150

>,

FEA FINAL-TERM PAPER.nb

In[40]:=

Out[40]=

B2trp = Transpose@B2D
1
375

- 250

1
250

- 250

In[41]:=

- 250

- 150

1
125

1
375
1
- 250
1
250
1
125
1
- 150

Dmat = Em HH1 + NuL * H1 - 2 * NuLL *

881 - Nu, Nu, 0<, 8Nu, 1 - Nu, 0<, 80, 0, H1 - 2 NuL 2<<
4.8 108 1.2 108

Out[41]=

In[42]:=
Out[42]=

In[43]:=

Out[43]=

In[44]:=

0.

1.2 10

4.8 10

0.

0.

0.

1.8 108

Eps = 88H1 + NuL * Alp * DelT, H1 + NuL * Alp * DelT, 0<<

H 0.00048 0.00048 0 L

EpsT = Transpose@EpsD
0.00048
0.00048
0
B1TD = B1trp.Dmat
-1.6 106 -400 000. -600 000.
-400 000. -1.6 106 -600 000.
1.6 106

-600 000.

400 000.

Out[44]=

-400 000. -1.6 10

In[45]:=

600 000.

0.

0.

1.2 106

800 000.

3.2 106

0.

B2TD = B2trp.Dmat
1.28 106

-720 000.

320 000.

-480 000. -1.92 106

6

1.92 10
Out[45]=

-720 000.

480 000.
6

-480 000. -1.92 10

6

In[46]:=

480 000.

720 000.

-3.2 10

-800 000.

1.44 106

960 000.

3.84 106

-1.2 106

FEA FINAL-TERM PAPER.nb

In[47]:=

Out[47]=

K1mat = Vol1 * B1TD.B1

1.65 108

7.5 107

7.5 107

1.65 108

1.5 107

-7.5 107

1.5 107

1.65 108 -7.5 107 -9. 107

-1.5 107

7.5 107

-7.5 107 1.65 108

-9. 10

-6. 10
In[48]:=

Out[48]=

In[49]:=

-7.5 107 -1.5 107 -9. 107

-9. 10

-2.4 10

6. 10

9. 107
8

9. 10

6. 107
-2.4 108

1.8 10

0.

0.

4.8 108

-2.4 10

1.18 108

-6. 107

1.5 108

-7.8 107

-2.68 108

1.38 108

-6. 107

1.68 108

-7.2 107

1.8 108

1.32 108

-3.48 108

1.5 108

-7.2 107

1.98 108

-9. 107

-3.48 108

1.62 108

-7.8 107

1.8 108

-9. 107

1.98 108

1.68 108

-3.78 108

-2.68 108

1.32 108

-3.48 108

1.68 108

6.16 108

-3. 108

1.38 108

-3.48 108

1.62 108

-3.78 108

-3. 108

7.26 108

PEp1 = Vol1 * B1TD.EpsT

2.16 107
Out[49]=

-2.16 107
0.
4.32 107
PEp2 = Vol2 * B2TD.EpsT
1.44 107
-2.16 107
2.16 107
-2.16 107
-3.6 107
4.32 107
In[51]:=

-9. 107 -2.4 108

K2mat = Vol2 * B2TD.B2

-2.16 107

Out[50]=

-9. 10

-2.16 107

In[50]:=

7.5 107

-6. 107

PEp1
-2.16 107
-2.16 107
2.16 107

Out[51]=

-2.16 107
0.
4.32 107

FEA FINAL-TERM PAPER.nb

In[52]:=

Pep1 = 88- 2.16`*^7<, 8- 2.16`*^7<,

82.16`*^7<, 8- 2.16`*^7<, 80<, 80<, 80.`<, 84.32`*^7<<
-2.16 107
-2.16 107
2.16 107

Out[52]=

-2.16 107
0
0
0.
4.32 107

In[53]:=

PEp2
1.44 107
-2.16 107
2.16 107

Out[53]=

-2.16 107
-3.6 107
4.32 107

In[54]:=

Pep2 = 880<, 80<, 81.44`*^7<, 8- 2.16`*^7<,

82.16`*^7<, 8- 2.16`*^7<, 8- 3.6`*^7<, 84.32`*^7<<
0
0

1.44 107
-2.16 107
Out[54]=

2.16 107
-2.16 107
-3.6 107
4.32 107

In[55]:=

Pt1 = 88992 627.7<, 83 055 127.7<, 80<, 84 125 000<, 80<, 80<, 8992 627.7<, 8992 627.7<<
992 627.7

Out[55]=

3.0551277 106
0
4 125 000
0
0
992 627.7
992 627.7

FEA FINAL-TERM PAPER.nb

In[56]:=

Out[56]=

In[57]:=

Pt2 = 880<, 80<, 80<, 80<, 8506 957.5<, 8878 050.3<, 8506 957.5<, 8878 050.3<<
0
0
0
0
506 957.5
878 050.3
506 957.5
878 050.3

Pmat = Pt1 + Pt2 + Pep1 + Pep2

-2.06073723 107
-1.85448723 107
3.6 107
-3.9075 107

Out[57]=

2.21069575 107
-2.07219497 107
-3.45004148 107
8.8270678 107

In[58]:=

MatrixForm@K1matD

Out[58]//MatrixForm=

1.65 108

7.5 107

7.5 107

1.65 108

1.5 107

-7.5 107

1.5 107

1.65 108 -7.5 107 -9. 107

-1.5 107

7.5 107

-7.5 107 1.65 108

9. 107

-2.4 108

-9. 107

-9. 107

-9. 107

1.8 108

0.

0.

4.8 108

-6. 10

In[59]:=

-2.4 10

6. 10

7.5 107

9. 107
8

-2.4 10

-6. 107

-9. 107 -2.4 108

6. 107

1.65`*^8
7.500000000000001`*^7
7.500000000000001`*^7
1.65`*^8
- 7.500000000000001`*^7 1.5000000000000002`*^7
- 1.5000000000000002`*^7 7.500000000000001`*^7
0
0
0
0
- 9.000000000000001`*^7 - 9.000000000000001`*^7
- 6.000000000000001`*^7 - 2.4000000000000003`*^8

K1MAT =

1.65 108
7

Out[59]=

-7.5 107 -1.5 107 -9. 107

7.5 107
8

-7.5 107 -1.5 107 0 0 -9. 107

7

7.5 10

1.65 10

1.5 10

-7.5 107

1.5 107

1.65 108 -7.5 107 0 0 -9. 107

-1.5 107
0
0

7.5 107
0
0

-7.5 107 1.65 108 0 0

0
0
0 0
0
0
0 0

-9. 107

-9. 107

-9. 107

-6. 10

-2.4 10

6. 10

7.5 10

9. 107

0 0 -9. 10

9. 107
0
0

0 0 1.8 108
8

-2.4 10

0 0

0.

-6. 107
-2.4 108
6. 107
-2.4 108
0
0
0.
4.8 108

- 7.500000000000001`*^7
1.5000000000000002`*^7
1.65`*^8
- 7.500000000000001`*^7
0
0
- 9.000000000000001`*^7
6.000000000000001`*^7

FEA FINAL-TERM PAPER.nb

In[60]:=

MatrixForm@K2matD

Out[60]//MatrixForm=

1.18 108

-6. 107

1.5 108

-7.8 107

-2.68 108

1.38 108

-6. 107

1.68 108

-7.2 107

1.8 108

1.32 108

-3.48 108

1.5 108

-7.2 107

1.98 108

-9. 107

-3.48 108

1.62 108

1.8 108

-9. 107

1.98 108

1.68 108

-3.78 108

-7.8 107
8

In[61]:=

Out[61]=

-2.68 10

1.32 10

-3.48 10

1.68 10

6.16 10

-3. 108

1.38 108

-3.48 108

1.62 108

-3.78 108

-3. 108

7.26 108

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

K2MAT =

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 1.18`*^8
- 6.`*^7
1.5`*^8
- 7.8`*^7 - 2.68`*^8 1.38`*^8
0 - 6.`*^7
1.68`*^8 - 7.2`*^7
1.8`*^8
1.32`*^8 - 3.48`*^8
0 1.5`*^8
- 7.2`*^7 1.98`*^8
- 9.`*^7 - 3.48`*^8 1.62`*^8
0 - 7.8`*^7
1.8`*^8
- 9.`*^7
1.98`*^8 1.68`*^8 - 3.78`*^8
0 - 2.68`*^8 1.32`*^8 - 3.48`*^8 1.68`*^8 6.16`*^8
- 3.`*^8
0 1.38`*^8 - 3.48`*^8 1.62`*^8 - 3.78`*^8 - 3.`*^8
7.26`*^8

0 0
0 0

0
0

0
0

0
0

0
0

0
0

0
0

0 0

1.18 108

-6. 107

1.5 108

-7.8 107

-2.68 108

1.38 108

0 0

-6. 107

1.68 108

-7.2 107

1.8 108

1.32 108

-3.48 108

0 0

1.5 108

-7.2 107

1.98 108

-9. 107

-3.48 108

1.62 108

0 0 -7.8 10

1.8 10

-9. 10

1.98 10

1.68 10

-3.78 108

0 0 -2.68 108

1.32 108

-3.48 108

1.68 108

6.16 108

-3. 108

-3.48 108

1.62 108

-3.78 108

-3. 108

7.26 108

1.38 108

0 0
In[62]:=

KMatrix = K1MAT + K2MAT

1.65 108

7.5 107

-7.5 107

-1.5 107

-9. 107

-6. 107

7.5 107

1.65 108

1.5 107

7.5 107

-9. 107

-2.4 108

-7.5 107

1.5 107

2.83 108

-1.35 108

1.5 108

-7.8 107

-3.58 108

1.98 108

-1.5 107

7.5 107

-1.35 108

3.33 108

-7.2 107

1.8 108

2.22 108

-5.88 108

1.5 108

-7.2 107

1.98 108

-9. 107

-3.48 108

1.62 108

-7.8 107

1.8 108

-9. 107

1.98 108

1.68 108

-3.78 108

-9. 107

-9. 107

-3.58 108

2.22 108

-3.48 108

1.68 108

7.96 108

-3. 108

-6. 107

-2.4 108

1.98 108

-5.88 108

1.62 108

-3.78 108

-3. 108

1.206 109

-1.5 107

-9. 107

-6. 107

Out[62]=

In[63]:=

MatrixForm@KMatrixD

Out[63]//MatrixForm=

1.65 108
7

7.5 107
8

-7.5 107
7

7.5 10

1.65 10

1.5 10

7.5 10

-9. 10

-2.4 108

-7.5 107

1.5 107

2.83 108

-1.35 108

1.5 108

-7.8 107

-3.58 108

1.98 108

-1.5 107

7.5 107

-1.35 108

3.33 108

-7.2 107

1.8 108

2.22 108

-5.88 108

1.5 108

-7.2 107

1.98 108

-9. 107

-3.48 108

1.62 108

-7.8 107

1.8 108

-9. 107

1.98 108

1.68 108

-3.78 108

-9. 107

-9. 107

-3.58 108

2.22 108

-3.48 108

1.68 108

7.96 108

-3. 108

-6. 107

-2.4 108

1.98 108

-5.88 108

1.62 108

-3.78 108

-3. 108

1.206 109

FEA FINAL-TERM PAPER.nb

In[64]:=

Out[64]=

1.65`*^8
0
- 9.000000000000001`*^7 - 6.000000000000001`*^7
0
1.98`*^8
1.68`*^8
- 3.78`*^8
- 9.000000000000001`*^7 1.68`*^8
7.96`*^8
- 3.`*^8
- 6.000000000000001`*^7 - 3.78`*^8
- 3.`*^8
1.206`*^9

RedKmat =

1.65 108

-9. 107

1.98 108

1.68 108 -3.78 108

-9. 107

1.68 108

7.96 108

-6. 107 -3.78 108 -3. 108

In[65]:=

-6. 107
-3. 108
1.206 109

MatrixForm@PmatD

Out[65]//MatrixForm=

-2.06073723 107
-1.85448723 107
3.6 107
-3.9075 107
2.21069575 107
-2.07219497 107
-3.45004148 107
8.8270678 107

In[66]:=

RedPmat =

- 2.06073723`*^7
- 2.07219497`*^7
- 3.45004148`*^7
8.8270678`*^7

-2.06073723 107
-2.07219497 107
Out[66]=

-3.45004148 107
8.8270678 107

In[67]:=

InvRKmat = MatrixForm@Inverse@RedKmatDD

Out[67]//MatrixForm=

In[68]:=

6.856209846 10-9

7.669281463 10-10

9.186100167 10-10 8.099953857 10-10

7.669281463 10-10

1.398675643 10-8

-1.322661177 10-9 4.093044168 10-9

9.186100167 10-10 -1.322661177 10-9

1.655485749 10-9

4.294892273 10-11

8.099953857 10-10

4.294892273 10-11

2.163063926 10-9

4.093044168 10-9

UMatrix = [email protected]

Out[68]//MatrixForm=

6.856209846 10-9

7.669281463 10-10

9.186100167 10-10 8.099953857 10-10

7.669281463 10-10

1.398675643 10-8

-1.322661177 10-9 4.093044168 10-9

-10

9.186100167 10

8.099953857 10-10

-9

-1.322661177 10

4.093044168 10-9

-9

-11

1.655485749 10

4.294892273 10

4.294892273 10-11

2.163063926 10-9

-2.06073723 107
.

-2.07219497 107
-3.45004148 107
8.8270678 107

10

FEA FINAL-TERM PAPER.nb

In[69]:=

Out[69]=

In[70]:=

6.856209846306748`*^-9 7.669281463339603`*^-10 9.186100166826396`*^-10 8.0999538565293

7.669281463339603`*^-10 1.3986756429520774`*^-8 - 1.3226611767768191`*^-9 4.093044167583
9.186100166826396`*^-10 - 1.322661176776819`*^-9 1.6554857487665496`*^-9 4.2948922727434
8.099953856529301`*^-10 4.093044167583619`*^-9 4.294892272743414`*^-11 2.1630639264544
-0.1173743001
0.101290906
-0.04484583474
0.08794563186
Um = 88- 0.11737430008814587`<, 80.10129090595767415`<,
8- 0.04484583473639064`<, 80.08794563186218483`<< MatrixForm

Out[70]//MatrixForm=

-0.1173743001
0.101290906
-0.04484583474
0.08794563186

In[71]:=

MatrixForm@UmD

Out[71]//MatrixForm=

-0.1173743001
0.101290906
-0.04484583474
0.08794563186

In[72]:=

U1mat =

- 0.11737430008814587`
0
0
0
- 0.04484583473639064`
0.08794563186218483`

Out[72]=

-0.1173743001
0
0
0
-0.04484583474
0.08794563186

In[73]:=

MatrixForm@UmD

Out[73]//MatrixForm=

-0.1173743001
0.101290906
-0.04484583474
0.08794563186

FEA FINAL-TERM PAPER.nb

In[74]:=

U2mat =

0
0
0
0.10129090595767415`
- 0.04484583473639064`
0.08794563186218483`

Out[74]=

0
0
0
0.101290906
-0.04484583474
0.08794563186

In[75]:=

Stre1 = B1.U1mat

Out[75]=

In[76]:=

0.000391247667
0.0005863042124
0.00009227543538
Stress1mat = Dmat.Stre1 - Dmat.EpsT

Out[76]=

-29 844.61437
40 375.74199
16 609.57837

In[77]:=

Stre2 = B2.U2mat

Out[77]=

In[78]:=

Out[78]=

0.0002989722316
0.0002984014311
-0.0005399072665
Stress2mat = Dmat.Stre2 - Dmat.EpsT
-108 685.1571
-108 890.6453
-97 183.30797

11