MATLAB Tutorials

16.62x Experimental Projects

Violeta Ivanova, Ph.D. Educational Technology Consultant MIT Academic Computing [email protected]

This Tutorial
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Class materials
web.mit.edu/acmath/matlab/16.62x

Topics
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MATLAB Basics Review Data Analysis Statistics Toolbox Curve Fitting Toolbox
16.62x MATLAB Tutorials

Other References
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Mathematical Tools at MIT

web.mit.edu/ist/topics/math

Course16 Tutorials
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Unified MATLAB: web.mit.edu/acmath/matlab/unified 16.06 &16.07 MATLAB & Simulink: web.mit.edu/acmath/matlab/course16

16.62x MATLAB Tutorials

MATLAB Basics Review

Toolboxes & Help Matrices & Vectors Built-In Functions Graphics

Help in MATLAB
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Command line help

>> help <command> e.g. help regress >> lookfor <keyword> e.g. lookfor regression

Help Browser
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Help->Help MATLAB
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MATLAB Help Browser

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MATLAB
+ Mathematics + Data Analysis + Programming + Graphics

! !

Curve Fitting Toolbox Statistics Toolbox

+ Linear Models + Hypothesis Tests + Statistical Plots
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Vectors
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Row vector
>> R1 = [1 6 3 8 5] >> R2 = [1 : 5] >> R3 = [-pi : pi/3 : pi]

Column vector
>> C1 = [1; 2; 3; 4; 5] >> C2 = R2'

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Matrices
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Creating a matrix
>> A = [1 2.5 5 0; 1 1.3 pi 4] >> A = [R1; R2]

Accessing elements
>> A(1,1) >> A(1:2, 2:4) >> A(:,2)
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Matrix Operations
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Operators + and >> X = [x1 x2]; Y = [y1 y2]; A = X+Y A = x1+y1 x2+y2

! !

Operators *, /, and ^
>> Ainv = A^-1 Matrix math is default!

Operators .*, ./, and .^

>> Z = [z1 z2]; B = [Z.^2 Z.^0] B = z12 z22 1 1
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Built-In Functions
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Matrices & vectors

>> >> >> >> >> >> [n, m]= size(A) n = length(X) M1 = ones(n, m) M0 = zeros(n, m) En = eye(n) N1 = diag(En)

And many others

>> y = exp(sin(x)+cos(t))

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Graphics
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2D linear plots: plot

>> plot (t, z, r-)
Colors: b, r, g, y, m, c, k, w Markers: o, *, ., +, x, d Line styles: -, --, -., :

Annotating graphs
>> >> >> >> legend (z = f(t)) title (Position vs. Time) xlabel (Time) ylabel (Position)
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Multiple Plots
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Multiple datasets on a plot

>> >> >> >> p1 = hold p2 = hold s1 p1 s2 p2 = = = = plot(xcurve, ycurve) on plot(Xpoints, Ypoints, ro) off subplot(1, plot(time, subplot(1, plot(time, 2, 1) velocity) 2, 2) acceleration)

Subplots on a figure
>> >> >> >>

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MATLAB Data Analysis

Preparing Data Basic Fitting Correlation

Data Input / Output

!

Import Wizard for data import

File->Import Data

File input with load

B = load(datain.txt)

File output with save

save(dataout, A, -ascii)

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Missing Data
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Removing missing data

Removing NaN elements from vectors >> x = x(~isnan(x)) " Removing rows with NaN from matrices >> X(any(isnan(X),2),:) = []
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Interpolating missing data

YI = interp1(X, Y, XI, method) Methods: spline, nearest, linear,

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Data Statistics
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Figure window: Tools->Data Statistics

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Correlation
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Correlation coefficient & confidence interval

>> [R, P, Rlo, Rup, alpha] = corrcoef(X); >> [i, j] = find(P < 0.05);

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Basic Fitting
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Figure window: Tools->Basic Fitting

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Polynomials
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Evaluating polynomials y = p1 x n + p2 x n !1 ... + pn x + pn +1

>> p = [p1 p2 ] >> t = [-3 : 0.1 : 3] >> z = polyval(p, t)

Fitting a polynomial
>> X = [x1 x2 xn]; Y = [y1 y2 yn] >> Pm = polyfit(X, Y, m)
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Statistics Toolbox
Probability Distributions Descriptive Statistics Linear & Nonlinear Models Hypothesis Tests Statistical Plots

Descriptive Statistics
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Central tendency
>> >> >> >> m gm med mod = = = = mean(X) geomean(X) median(X) mode(X)

Dispersion
>> s = std(X) >> v = var(X)

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Probability Distributions
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Probability density functions

>> Y = exppdf(X, mu) >> Y = normpdf(X, mu, sigma)

Cumulative density functions

>> Y = expcdf(X, mu) >> Y = normcdf(X, mu, sigma)

Parameter estimation
>> m = expfit(data) >> [m, s] = normfit(data)
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Distribution Fitting Tool

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Start from command line window

>> dfittool

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Linear Models
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Definition:
y = X! + "
y: n x 1 vector of observations X: n x p matrix of predictors !: p x 1 vector of parameters ": n x 1 vector of random disturbances

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Linear Regression
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Multiple linear regression

>> [B, Bint, R, Rint, stats] = regress(y, X) B: vector of regression coefficients Bint: matrix of 95% confidence intervals for B R: vector of residuals Rint: intervals for diagnosing outliners stats: vector containing R2 statistic etc.

Residuals plot
>> rcoplot(R, Rint)
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Polynomial Fitting Tool

>> polytool(X, Y)

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Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)

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One-way ANOVA
>> anova1(X,group)

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Multiple Comparisons
>> [p, tbl, stats] = anova1(X,group) >> [c, m] = multcompare(stats)

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More Built-In Functions

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Two-way ANOVA
>> [P, tbl, stats] = anova2(X, reps)

Statistical plots
>> boxplot(X, group)

Other hypothesis tests

>> H = ttest(X) >> H = lillietest(X)

16.62x MATLAB Tutorials

Exercise 1: Data Analysis

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RFID and Barcode Scanning Tests

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Script m-file: dataanalysis.m

Follow instructions in the m-file

Questions?

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Curve Fitting Toolbox

Curve Fitting Tool Goodness of Fit Analyzing a Fit Fourier Series Fit

Curve Fitting Tool

>> cftool

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Goodness of Fit Statistics

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Analyzing a Fit

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Fourier Series Fit

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Exercise 2: Regression
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Linear regression & other line fitting

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Script m-file: regression.m

Follow instructions in the m-file

Questions?

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