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Hough Line

The document describes an algorithm to detect and correct image skew. It contains code to: 1. Perform a Hough transform on an input image to detect lines at different angles and distances from the image center. 2. Find the top detected lines by counting pixels that fit each line. 3. Calculate the average angle of the top lines to determine the skew angle. 4. Deskew the image by rotating it by the negative of the skew angle.

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Fatimah Zuhra
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214 views4 pages

Hough Line

The document describes an algorithm to detect and correct image skew. It contains code to: 1. Perform a Hough transform on an input image to detect lines at different angles and distances from the image center. 2. Find the top detected lines by counting pixels that fit each line. 3. Calculate the average angle of the top lines to determine the skew angle. 4. Deskew the image by rotating it by the negative of the skew angle.

Uploaded by

Fatimah Zuhra
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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' (c) GMSE GmbH 2006 ' Algorithm to deskew an image. Imports System.Drawing Imports System.Drawing.

Imaging Public Class main Public Shared Sub Main() Dim fnIn As String = "d:\skewsample_in.tif" Dim fnOut As String = "d:\skewsample_out.tif" Dim bmpIn As New Bitmap(fnIn) Dim sk As New gmseDeskew(bmpIn) Dim skewangle As Double = sk.GetSkewAngle Dim bmpOut As Bitmap = RotateImage(bmpIn, -skewangle) bmpOut.Save(fnOut, ImageFormat.Tiff) MsgBox("Skewangle: " & skewangle) End Sub Private Shared Function RotateImage(ByVal bmp As Bitmap, ByVal angle As Double) As Bitmap Dim g As Graphics Dim tmp As New Bitmap(bmp.Width, bmp.Height, PixelFormat.Format32bppRgb) tmp.SetResolution(bmp.HorizontalResolution, bmp.VerticalResolution) g = Graphics.FromImage(tmp) Try g.FillRectangle(Brushes.White, 0, 0, bmp.Width, bmp.Height) g.RotateTransform(angle) g.DrawImage(bmp, 0, 0) Finally g.Dispose() End Try Return tmp End Function End Class Public Class gmseDeskew ' Representation of a line in the image. Public Class HougLine ' Count of points in the line. Public Count As Integer ' Index in Matrix. Public Index As Integer ' The line is represented as all x,y that solve y*cos(alpha)x*sin(alpha)=d Public Alpha As Double Public d As Double End Class ' The Bitmap Dim cBmp As Bitmap ' The range of angles to search for lines Dim cAlphaStart As Double = -20 Dim cAlphaStep As Double = 0.2 Dim cSteps As Integer = 40 * 5 ' Precalculation of sin and cos. Dim cSinA() As Double Dim cCosA() As Double ' Range of d Dim cDMin As Double Dim cDStep As Double = 1

Dim cDCount As Integer ' Count of points that fit in a line. Dim cHMatrix() As Integer ' Calculate the skew angle of the image cBmp. Public Function GetSkewAngle() As Double Dim hl() As gmseDeskew.HougLine Dim i As Integer Dim sum As Double Dim count As Integer ' Hough Transformation Calc() ' Top 20 of the detected lines in the image. hl = GetTop(20) ' Average angle of the lines For i = 0 To 19 sum += hl(i).Alpha count += 1 Next Return sum / count End Function ' Calculate the Count lines in the image with most points. Private Function GetTop(ByVal Count As Integer) As HougLine() Dim hl() As HougLine Dim i As Integer Dim j As Integer Dim tmp As HougLine Dim AlphaIndex As Integer Dim dIndex As Integer ReDim hl(Count) For i = 0 To Count - 1 hl(i) = New HougLine Next For i = 0 To cHMatrix.Length - 1 If cHMatrix(i) > hl(Count - 1).Count Then hl(Count - 1).Count = cHMatrix(i) hl(Count - 1).Index = i j = Count - 1 While j > 0 AndAlso hl(j).Count > hl(j - 1).Count tmp = hl(j) hl(j) = hl(j - 1) hl(j - 1) = tmp j -= 1 End While End If Next For i = 0 To Count - 1 dIndex = hl(i).Index \ cSteps AlphaIndex = hl(i).Index - dIndex * cSteps hl(i).Alpha = GetAlpha(AlphaIndex) hl(i).d = dIndex + cDMin Next Return hl End Function Public Sub New(ByVal bmp As Bitmap) cBmp = bmp End Sub ' Hough Transforamtion:

Private Dim Dim Dim Dim

Sub Calc() x As Integer y As Integer hMin As Integer = cBmp.Height / 4 hMax As Integer = cBmp.Height * 3 / 4

Init() For y = hMin To hMax For x = 1 To cBmp.Width - 2 ' Only lower edges are considered. If IsBlack(x, y) Then If Not IsBlack(x, y + 1) Then Calc(x, y) End If End If Next Next End Sub ' Calculate all lines through the point (x,y). Private Sub Calc(ByVal x As Integer, ByVal y As Integer) Dim alpha As Integer Dim d As Double Dim dIndex As Integer Dim Index As Integer For alpha = 0 To cSteps - 1 d = y * cCosA(alpha) - x * cSinA(alpha) dIndex = CalcDIndex(d) Index = dIndex * cSteps + alpha Try cHMatrix(Index) += 1 Catch ex As Exception Debug.WriteLine(ex.ToString) End Try Next End Sub Private Function CalcDIndex(ByVal d As Double) As Double Return Convert.ToInt32(d - cDMin) End Function Private Function IsBlack(ByVal x As Integer, ByVal y As Integer) As Boolean Dim c As Color Dim luminance As Double c = cBmp.GetPixel(x, y) luminance = (c.R * 0.299) + (c.G * 0.587) + (c.B * 0.114) Return luminance < 140 End Function Private Sub Init() Dim i As Integer Dim angle As Double ' Precalculation of sin and cos. ReDim cSinA(cSteps - 1) ReDim cCosA(cSteps - 1) For i = 0 To cSteps - 1 angle = GetAlpha(i) * Math.PI / 180.0# cSinA(i) = Math.Sin(angle) cCosA(i) = Math.Cos(angle) Next ' Range of d:

cDMin = -cBmp.Width cDCount = 2 * (cBmp.Width + cBmp.Height) / cDStep ReDim cHMatrix(cDCount * cSteps) End Sub Public Function GetAlpha(ByVal Index As Integer) As Double Return cAlphaStart + Index * cAlphaStep End Function End Class

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