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Oxidation Numbers Bju

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230 views28 pages

Oxidation Numbers Bju

Uploaded by

api-236666161
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Oxidation Number

The number of electrons that a bonded atom would have to gain or lose to return to its neutral state.

Oxidation Number
If a metal has lost electrons, it will have to regain them to return to its neutral state. Therefore, it has a positive oxidation number. A nonmetal tends to gain electrons, so it will have a negative oxidation number.

+1

Li
B

+2

Be
C

+3

+4

N
1

O
0

Ne

Oxidation Number
How do we know the oxidation number of an atom? By knowing which group it is in.

Oxidation Number
Group 1A (alkali) metals have one outer electron, which they tend to lose. What would be the charge of the ion if it loses one electron? +1

Oxidation Number
Sodium 11 electrons () 11 protons (+) = 0 If it loses one electron: Sodium 10 electrons () 11 protons (+) = +1

Example

What is the charge on a Group 1A element when it loses an electron? 1. 2. 3. 4. 1 +1 0 +2

Oxidation Number
Group 2A metals (alkalineearth) lose two electrons. What oxidation number do they have? + 2

Oxidation Number
What is the oxidation number of
Group 3A elements? + 3 Group 8A elements? 0 Group 7A elements? 1 Group 6A elements? 2

Oxidation Number
What is the oxidation number of Group 5A elements? + 5, 3 Group 4A elements? + 4, 4

To create a chemical formula, we must know the 1. 2. 3. 4. atoms. molecules. oxidation numbers. substance.

What tells us the oxidation number of an atom? 1. 2. 3. 4. Its size Its group Its color Its subscripts

What is the oxidation number of lithium?

+1

What is the oxidation number of beryllium?

+2

Oxidation Number Rules

Rule 1: Free Element Rule


The oxidation number (ON) of pure elements is 0.
0 0 0 0

Na Ar O2 S8

Oxidation Number Rules

Rule 2: Ion Rule


The ON of a monatomic ion equals its charge.
+1 K+ +2 2+ Fe +3

Al 3+

Sn 4+ Cl

+4

Oxidation Number Rules

Rule 3: Specific ON Rule


Certain families have the same ON. Alkali metals = +1 Alkaline earth metals = +2

Oxidation Number Rules

Rule 3: Specific ON Rule


Certain families have the same ON. Hydrogen = +1 (when bonded to another nonmetal) Hydrogen = 1 (when bonded to metals)

Oxidation Number Rules

Rule 3: Specific ON Rule


Certain families have the same ON. Oxygen = 2 (except when bonded to fluorine) Halogens = 1 (when bonded to metals)

Oxidation Number Rules

Rule 4: Zero Sum Rule


The sum of the oxidation numbers of all atoms in a compound must equal zero. Na + + Cl
+1 1 0

NaCl

Oxidation Number Rules

Rule 4: Zero Sum Rule


The sum of the oxidation numbers of all atoms in a compound must equal zero. 0 0
2 (+1)

H2O

-3 3 (+1)

NH3

Oxidation Number Rules

Rule 4: Zero Sum Rule


The sum of the oxidation numbers of all atoms in a compound must equal zero. 0 0
+3 3 (1)

AlCl3

+2 2 (1)

CaI2

Oxidation Number Rules

Rule 5: Polyatomic Ion Charge Rule


The sum of the oxidation numbers of all atoms in a polyatomic ion must equal its charge.

Oxidation Number Rules


Example: NO3

Rule 5: Polyatomic Ion Charge Rule


N 1(+5) = +5 O 3(2) = 6 1

Oxidation Number Rules

Rule 5: Polyatomic Ion Charge Rule


Example:
3 PO4

P 1(+5) = +5 O 4(2) = 8 3

What is the oxidation number of F in AlF3?

What is the oxidation number of Fe in FeCl2?

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