Cloud Computing, Virtualization, & Grid Computing

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Advance Your Cloud Strategy with Oracle

March 10, 2001

Table of Contents

IT Management Evolution Grid Computing Cloud Computing

Importance of Cloud Computing and Virtualization What is Cloud? What is Cloud Computing? Types of Cloud Computing: Cloud Layers (Architecture) Key Characteristics, Benefits, & Challenges of Cloud Computing

Virtualization
Virtual Machine, Hypervisor Types of Virtualization
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IT Management Evolution
Cloud computing is next step
Silo Grid Cloud

Physical
Dedicated Static Heterogeneous

Virtual
Shared Services Dynamic Standardized Configurations

Rapid Provisioning
Elastic Capacity Broadband Access Resource Pooling Pay As You Go

Grid Computing
A network of computers that operates as an integrated whole; grid appears to be a single computer May support a server farm, or some other computing need Organizations lease time on a grid from other organizations that create, support, and manage that grid IBM leases time on a grid for applications that require intensive arithmetic computing IBM leases time on a special-purpose grid to archive medical records (See www-03.ibm.com/grid)

Grid computing
Watch video basics of grid computing

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 4-4

Watch the basics of grid computing and answer the following questions.
1-1. What is the primary reasons for using grid computing? 1-2. Describe hardware and software components of Grid computing systems including the name of grid software. 1-3. Describe the benefits of grid computing. 2. Watch the IBM Grid Computing Demo. 2-1. List IT components of Grid computing systems. 2-2. What is the server? 2-3. What are Advantages of Grid computing?
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IMPORTANCE: CIO Technology Agenda

Cloud Computing and Virtualization are Top Priorities

Source: Gartner Gartner Executive Program January 2010

Watch Cloud computing explained on the whiteboard and answer the following questions. 3-1. Why do we need Cloud computing? 3-2. What is Cloud computing? 3-3. What is "Cloud computing economies of scale? 3-4. List six advantages of cloud computing.

What is a Cloud?

A Cloud = the Internet The internet = networks of networks (PAN, LAN, WAN) a distributed network using virtualized resources and accessed by common internet protocols and networking standards. What is virtualization? A simple explanation of virtualization The use of the word Cloud makes reference to the two core concepts Virtualization: Cloud computing virtualizes systems by pooling and sharing resources (infrastructure, platform, software). Three ways to cloud compute Services are provisioned as needed. Costs are assessed on a metered basis. Resources are scalable (suitably efficient and practical when applied to large situations) with agility (capability of rapidly and efficiently adapting to changes) Details of the physical systems on which software runs are abstracted(separated) from the user Applications run on physical systems not specified Data is stored in unknown location Access by user is ubiquitous (Omnipresent)

What is Cloud Computing?

COMMON DEFINITIONS
The most commonly accepted definition in use today was articulated by national institute of standards and technology (2009).
Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storages, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction.

Vaquero, et al (2009) in a white paper published for the ACM computer communication reviews.
A large pool of easily usable and accessible virtualized resources (such as hardware, development platforms and/or services). These resources can be dynamically reconfigured to adjust to a variable load (scale), allowing also for an optimum resource utilization. This pool of resources is typically exploited by the infrastructure providers by means of customized SLAs. A service-level agreement is a part of a service contract where the level of service is formally defined. In practice, the term SLA is sometimes used to refer to the contracted delivery time (of the service) or performance.

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 4-9

Cloud Computing by Kroenke

Cloud computing
A form of hardware or software leasing in which organizations obtain server resources from vendors that specialize in server processing

Watch video:
Cloud computing in plain English Cloud computing on the whiteboard
Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 4-10

 Watch Cloud computing: What is cloud computing? and answer the following questions. 4-1. What is "Cloud"? 4-2. Explain the three types of Cloud computing. 4-2-1. Public cloud 4-2-2. Hybrid cloud 4-2-3. Private cloud

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Explain three models of Cloud computing. In addition, Explaining cloud computing may be useful to answer question 4-3.

4-3. Explain three models of Cloud computing. 4-3-1. What are IT infrastructure and IaaS? 4-3-2. What are IT platform and PaaS? 4-3-3. What is Saas? 4-3-4. Give an example of SaaS, Paas, IaaS. 4-3-5. Discuss advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing.

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Types of Cloud Computing: Saas, Paas, Iaas

video

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Cloud Layers (Architecture)

Three ways to cloud compute

Software/ Applications

Saas: Software/Applications delivered as

a service to end-users over the Internet

Platform

Paas: App development & deployment platform delivered as a service over the Internet
AT&T PaaS

Infrastructure

Iass:Server, storage and network hardware and associated software delivered as a service over the Internet

KEY CHARACTERISTICS OF CLOUD COMPUTING

1. Off-premise: the service is hosted and delivered from a location that belongs to a service provider. 2. Elasticity: the inherent scalability of the service provider. The resources can be rapidly provisioned, scaled both up and down very rapidly as they are required. 3. Flexible billing (Pay as you go): fees can be levied on a subscription basis or can be tied to actual consumption of resources. 4. Universal/ubiquitous access (Access anywhere, any time): : pooled resources are available to anyone authorized to utilize them. 5. On-demand self-service: individuals can obtain computing capabilities such as server time or network storage on their own. 6. Location independent RESOURCES POOLING: the user does not know where the computing resources are located.

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 4-15

Why Cloud Computing?

Benefits, Speed, Cost and Flexibility

Source: IDC eXchange, "IT Cloud Services User Survey, pt. 2: Top Benefits & Challenges," (http://blogs.idc.com/ie/?p=210), October 2, 2008

Cloud Computing Challenges

Security, Performance, and Control

Source: IDC eXchange, "IT Cloud Services User Survey, pt. 2: Top Benefits & Challenges," (http://blogs.idc.com/ie/?p=210), October 2, 2008

Virtualization
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Advance Your Cloud Strategy with Oracle

March 10, 2001

 1. Watch What is virtualization and answer the following. when answering each question, one paragraph is enough. 1.1 What is the concept of virtualization? 1.2 Explain hypervisor and virtual machines. 1.3 Virtualization case study: Approximately, how much money did the company (Broward Health) save? Show the details of your computation. 1.4 List and explain each of virtualization benefits.
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 2. Watch What is virtualization (IO VTS Tutorial) and answer the following. when answering each question, one paragraph is enough. 2.1 what is server virtualization? 2.2 what is desk top virtualization? 2.3 compare and contrast thin clients and thick clients. 2.4 Why virtualize servers and desktops? 3. What is the relationship between virtualization and cloud computing?

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What is virtualization?

Virtualization (or virtualisation), in computing, is the creation of a virtual (rather than actual) version of something, such as a hardware platform, operating system, storage device, or network resources. Virtualization is the process by which one computer hosts the appearance of many computers. virtualization is used to improve IT throughput and costs by using physical resources as a pool from which virtual resources can be allocated.

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Architecture Differences

1. 2. 3.

Traditional 1. Hosted virtualization Bare-metal virtualization

2.

3.

 Traditional computing architecture has the following:

Hardware ( cpu, memory, nic, disk) Operating system Application program

Hosted virtualization architecture has the following:

Hardware ( cpu, memory, nic, disk) Host Operating System Application program Virtualization layer Hosted (guest) operating system Hosted (guest) application program

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A hypervisor provides the underpinnings for virtualization management, which includes:

* policy-based automation, * virtual hard disk, life cycle management, live migration and real-time resource allocation. * It's the software program or part of the code in firmware that manages either multiple operating systems or multiple instances of the same operating system on a single computer system.

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Hypervisor
What is a hypervisor?
A hypervisor, a.k.a., a virtual machine manager/monitor (VMM), or virtualization manager. A program that allows multiple operating systems to share a single hardware host. Another technology at the heart of system virtualization Each operating system appears to have the host's processor, memory, and other resources all to itself. However, the hypervisor is actually controlling the host processor and resources, allocating what is needed to each operating system in turn and making sure that the guest operating systems (called virtual machines) cannot disrupt each other.

Virtual Machines
So what exactly is a virtual machine? A virtual machine is defined as a representation of a physical machine by software that has its own set of virtual hardware upon which an operating system and applications can be loaded. With virtualization each virtual machine is provided with consistent virtual hardware regardless of the underlying physical hardware that the host server is running. When you create a VM a default set of virtual hardware is given to it. You can further customize a VM by adding or removing additional virtual hardware as needed by editing its configuration.

Virtual Machines

A self-contained computing environment that behaves as if it is a separate computer. For example, Java applets run in a Java virtual machine (VM) that has no access to the host operating system. Computing Environment is a collection of computers / machines, software, and networks that support the processing and exchange of electronic information.

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Virtual Machines

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Virtual Machines Virtual machines provide:

Hardware independence VM sees the same hardware regardless of the host hardware
Isolation VMs operating system is isolated from the host operating system Encapsulation Entire VM encapsulated into a single file

Virtualization

Watch video What is virtualization? , server virtualization, Virtualization

Three types of virtualization PC virtualization Server virtualization Desktop virtualization

Virtualization

Guest Operating Systems

Very easy to set up a virtual machine and configure it in a specific way Cloud vendors can add and remove instances of servers very quickly and cheaply
Windows

Linux

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VIRTUALIZATION BENEFITS

Why: Sharing Resources Case Study: Broward Health Benefits: Substantial decrease in Physical server Rapid recovery and provisioning Data center consolidation Hardware reuse flexibility

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 4-31

Types of Virtualization

PC virtualization, a personal computer, such as a desktop or portable computer, hosts several different operating systems. Server virtualization, a server computer hosts one or more, other server computers. Server virtualization makes cloud computing feasible. Virtual desktop can be accessed from any computer to which user has access. Thus, you could be at an airport computer and access what appears to be your own personal computer.
Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 4-32