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Level Measurement Systems: The Material To Be Measured

Level measurement systems are an integral part of process control and are used across many industries. Level measurement can be categorized as either point level measurement, which marks a single discrete liquid height, or continuous level measurement, which provides an analog output correlated to the level. Level sensors must be able to measure both liquids and bulk materials in a variety of processing environments, from vacuum to high pressure and subzero to elevated temperatures. Common level sensors include mechanical sensors using floats, vibrating probes, or hydrostatic pressure, as well as electrical sensors using conductivity, capacitance, optics, ultrasound, microwaves, or nuclear technology.

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22 views1 page

Level Measurement Systems: The Material To Be Measured

Level measurement systems are an integral part of process control and are used across many industries. Level measurement can be categorized as either point level measurement, which marks a single discrete liquid height, or continuous level measurement, which provides an analog output correlated to the level. Level sensors must be able to measure both liquids and bulk materials in a variety of processing environments, from vacuum to high pressure and subzero to elevated temperatures. Common level sensors include mechanical sensors using floats, vibrating probes, or hydrostatic pressure, as well as electrical sensors using conductivity, capacitance, optics, ultrasound, microwaves, or nuclear technology.

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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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K.

Kadlec: Measurement and Control

LEVEL MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS


Level measurements is an integral part of process control, and may be used in a variety of industries Level measurement may be divided into two categories: point level measurement continuous level measurement Point level sensors are used to mark a single discrete liquid height, a preset level condition (as a high alarm or a low alarm condition) Continuous level sensors provide an analog output that directly correlates to the level within the containing vessel. This analog signal may be directly linked to a visual indicator or to a process control loop, forming a level management system.
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The material to be measured


Liquid
from pure, clean water to viscous, sticky, and corrosive and abrasive fluids

Bulk material
from free-flowing, dry crystals to moist, lumpy solids

The processing environments for level sensors extend from vacuum to high-pressure service, and from subzero to elevated temperatures.

Level sensors
Mechanical sensors
Float methods Buoyancy method Vibrating level systems

Hydrostatic pressure methods


Differential pressure level detectors Bubbler systems

Electrical methods
Conductivity probes Capacitance probes Optical level switches Ultrasonic level detectors Microwave level systems Nuclear level systems
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7-M&C08_Level.doc 28.3.2008

Level measurement

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