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Ch. 3: Fuzzy Rules and Fuzzy Reasoning

This document discusses fuzzy set theory and fuzzy reasoning. It covers fuzzy relations, fuzzy if-then rules, the compositional rule of inference for fuzzy reasoning, and variants of fuzzy reasoning with single or multiple antecedents and rules. Fuzzy if-then rules can be interpreted as either the antecedent coupled with or entailing the consequent. The compositional rule of inference is used to derive conclusions in fuzzy reasoning based on facts and fuzzy rules.

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drthuhan
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30 views

Ch. 3: Fuzzy Rules and Fuzzy Reasoning

This document discusses fuzzy set theory and fuzzy reasoning. It covers fuzzy relations, fuzzy if-then rules, the compositional rule of inference for fuzzy reasoning, and variants of fuzzy reasoning with single or multiple antecedents and rules. Fuzzy if-then rules can be interpreted as either the antecedent coupled with or entailing the consequent. The compositional rule of inference is used to derive conclusions in fuzzy reasoning based on facts and fuzzy rules.

Uploaded by

drthuhan
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fuzzy Set Theory

Ch. 3: Fuzzy Rules and Fuzzy Reasoning

Outline
Extension principle Fuzzy relations Fuzzy if-then rules Compositional rule of inference Fuzzy reasoning

Extension Principle
A is a fuzzy set on X :

A = A ( x1 ) / x1 + A ( x2 ) / x2 ++ A ( x n ) / x n
he image of A under f( ) is a fuzzy set B:

B = B ( x1 ) / y1 + B ( x2 ) / y2 ++ B ( x n ) / y n
!here yi = f(xi), i = 1 to n. "f f( ) is a many-to-one mapping# then

B ( y ) = max A ( x )
x= f
1

( y)

Fuzzy Relations
$ fuzzy relation R is a %& 'F:
R = {(( x , y ), R ( x , y ))|( x , y ) X Y}

Examples:
x is close to y (x and y are num)ers* x depends on y (x and y are e+ents* x and y loo, ali,e (x# and y are persons or o)-ects* "f x is large# then y is small (x is an o)ser+ed reading and . is a corresponding action*

'ax-'in Composition
he max-min composition of t!o fuzzy relations R1 (defined on X and Y* and R2 (defined on Y and Z* is

R R ( x , z ) = [ R ( x , y ) R ( y , z )]
1 2

Properties:

$ssociati+ity: R ( S T ) = ( R S ) T &istri)uti+ity o+er union:


R (S T ) = ( R S ) ( R T )

/ee, distri)uti+ity o+er intersection: R ( S T ) ( R S ) ( R T ) 'onotonicity: S T ( R S ) ( R T )

'ax-0tar Composition
'ax-product composition:

R R ( x , z ) = [R ( x , y )R ( y , z )]
1 2

"n general# !e ha+e max-1 composition:

R R ( x , z ) = [R ( x , y ) * R ( y , z )]
1 2

!here 1 is a -norm operator.

2inguistic 3aria)les
$ numerical +aria)les ta,es numerical +alues: Age = 65 $ linguistic +aria)les ta,es linguistic +alues: Age is old $ linguistic +alues is a fuzzy set. $ll linguistic +alues form a term set:
(age* 4 5young# not young# +ery young# ... middle aged# not middle aged# ... old# not old# +ery old# more or less old# ... not +ery yound and not +ery old# ...6

2inguistic 3alues ( erms*

compl+.m

Operations on 2inguistic 3alues


Concentration: &ilation: Contrast intensification:
CON ( A) = A2

DIL( A) = A0.5
0 A ( x ) 0.5 2 A2 , INT ( A) = 2 2 ( A ) , 0.5 A ( x ) 1

intensif.m

Fuzzy "f- hen Rules


7eneral format:
"f x is $ then y is 8

Examples:
"f pressure is high# then +olume is small. "f the road is slippery# then dri+ing is dangerous. "f a tomato is red# then it is ripe. "f the speed is high# then apply the )ra,e a little.

Fuzzy "f- hen Rules


!o !ays to interpret 9"f x is $ then y is 8::
y

$ coupled !ith 8

$ entails 8

Fuzzy "f- hen Rules


!o !ays to interpret 9"f x is $ then y is 8::
$ coupled !ith 8: (A and B*
R = A B = A B = A ( x ) B ( y )|( x , y )
~

$ entails 8: (not A or B* - Material implication - Propositional calculus - Extended propositional calculus - Generalization of modus ponens

Fuzzy "f- hen Rules


Fuzzy implication function:
R ( x , y ) = f ( A ( x ), B ( y )) = f ( a, b )
$ coupled !ith 8

fuzimp.m

Fuzzy "f- hen Rules


$ entails 8

fuzimp.m

Compositional Rule of "nference


&eri+ation of y = b from x = a and y = f(x):
y y

b y = f(x) a
a and b: points y = f(x) : a cur+e
x

b y = f(x)
x

a
a and b: inter+als

y = f(x) : an inter+al-+alued function

Compositional Rule of "nference


a is a fuzzy set and y = f(x) is a fuzzy relation:

cri.m

Fuzzy Reasoning
0ingle rule !ith single antecedent
Rule: if x is $ then y is 8 Fact: x is $; Conclusion: y is 8;

7raphic Representation:
$; $
!

8
< .

$;
x is $; <

8;
y is 8; .

Fuzzy Reasoning
0ingle rule !ith multiple antecedent
Rule: if x is $ and y is 8 then z is C Fact: x is $; and y is 8; Conclusion: z is C;

7raphic Representation:
$; $
<

8; 8
.

-norm
!

C%
=

$;
x is $; <

8;
y is 8; .

C;
z is C; =

Fuzzy Reasoning
'ultiple rules !ith multiple antecedent
Rule >: if x is $> and y is 8> then z is C> Rule %: if x is $% and y is 8% then z is C% Fact: x is $; and y is 8; Conclusion: z is C;

7raphic Representation: (next slide*

Fuzzy Reasoning
7raphics representation:
$; $>
<

8; 8>
!>

C>
. =

$; $%
<

8; 8%
!%

C%
. =
-norm

$;
x is $; <

8; C;
y is 8; . z is C; =

Fuzzy Reasoning: '$ 2$8 &emo


?? rule+ie! mam%>

Other 3ariants
0ome terminology:
&egrees of compati)ility (match* Firing strength @ualified (induced* 'Fs O+erall output 'F

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