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TechnicalSeminar: ConnectionElements TheBoringStuff Topics:
BuildingExpertClassFEModels TheBasics:RBEElements(MPCElements) ThestandardinSpringElements:CBUSH FemapTipsandTricksoftheMoment:Resolution,Turningoff References,SettingViewDisplayOptions ABriefQ Q&APeriod
April 2011
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TechnicalSeminar:EfficientConnections
BuildinganexpertclassFEmodelisoftenallaboutcreatingefficient connections.
April 2011
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TechnicalSeminar:EfficientConnections
TheBasics:RTypeElements{RigidBody(RBE2)andNot RigidBody(RBE3)} Averyusefulresource:NXNastranElementLibraryReference
April 2011
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TechnicalSeminar:EfficientConnections
TheBasics:SPCandMPCConstraints(WhatisunderthehoodofRBEs) NXNastranUserGuide:Chapter9Constraints
April 2011
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TechnicalSeminar:EfficientConnections
TheBasics:RTypeElements{RBE2&RBE3}
TheRBE2elementdoesntcausenumericaldifficultiesbecauseitdoesntaddtermstothe stiffnessmatrix.TheRBE2elementisactuallyaconstraintelementthatprescribesthe displacementrelationshipbetweentwoormoregridpoints.Thisisthesameconceptusedby theRBE3.ThecentralthemeisDependentversusIndependentnodes.
(M t ) (Master) (Master)
April 2011
Note:
Usingrigidelementswillcauseincorrectresultsinbucklinganddifferentialstiffness analysesbecausethelargedisplacementeffectsarenotcalculated.Exceptions are zerolengthelements(e.g.,tosimulateahinge)andrigidelementsconstrainedsothat theydontrotate.
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TechnicalSeminar:EfficientConnections
TheBasics:RTypeElements{RBE2}
Hereisastarting gpoint p tounderstandtheRBE2.Avery ysimple p beammodelwitha100 lbfloadatthecenterofthebeam.ThebeamisheldtogetherwithaRBE2.
Moment&ForceCalc. M=2.5*50 F=100/2
SimpleBeamwithfixedends
TurnOnEquationForce FreeBodyDiagram InspectF06(MPCForce) ( )
April 2011
ModelFile:FirstRBE2Model.modfem
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TechnicalSeminar:EfficientConnections
TheBasics:RTypeElements{RBE2}andMPCs{ConstraintEquations}
TheunderlyingnumericstoRBEsistheconstraintequation.Onecanbethankfulthatwedont havetoenterthembyformulabutitisgoodtoseehowtheywork.
AllRBEsarejustMPCs The Th first fi tterm t is i the th dependentnode(aD)and dependsuponthemovement oftheotherindependent (master)nodes. SettingupMPCsrequires onetounderstandthebasic equationofmechanics mechanics.
April 2011
NoSpatialRelationship
aDX = a1X1 + a2X2 + a3X3 ++ + + anXn
ModelFile:ConstraintEquations.modfem
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TechnicalSeminar:EfficientConnections/NumericalFoundation
TheBasics:MPCs(i.e.,RBEs)arebasedonconstraintequations.
Thedependentnodesareremovedfromthe
displacementformulationmatrixsincetheirbehavior isdescribedbytheindependentnodes. Why ydowecare?(i)Onecantapply pp ydisplacements p todependentnodessincetheynolongerexistwithin theucolumn;(ii)However,Forces/Momentscan stillbeappliedtodependentsandindependents;(iii) matrixformulationsareusedandinverted.Hence yourRBEmustnot haveamechanism.RBE2shave6 DOFfortheindependentnodewhileRBE3sare definedbytheuser(hencemechanismscanoccur!). ByusingMPCs,NXNastran createsnumerically perfectRigids /Interpolation/Etc.
April 2011
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TechnicalSeminar:EfficientConnections/NumericalFoundation
TheBasics:MPCs(i.e.,RBEs)arebasedonconstraintequations.
Whathappenswhenyouconstraina dependentDOFofaRBE2orRBE3?Fromthe mechanicsweknowthatthesolverhastobe unhappy Thisishowittellsus: unhappy.
April 2011
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TechnicalSeminar:EfficientConnections/NumericalFoundation
TheBasics:MPCs(i.e.,RBEs)arebasedonconstraintequations.
WhathappenswhenyourRBE3hasa mechanism?HereweremovethestabilityDOF (RX)fromourRBE3inthepriormodel. Pleasebecarefulanddon dont toverconstrain sincetherearenowarningmessages.
Note thattheerrormessagecalls outElement11.NXNastran tries tohelpfixtheproblemasmuch asitcan.
April 2011
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TechnicalSeminar:EfficientConnections
TheBasics:RTypeElements{RBE2&RBE3}
AcomparisonispresentedbetweenRBE2andRBE3formulations.Mostpeoplecanfigureout theloaddistributionfortheRBE2elementbutthatfortheRBE3defiessimplelogicifyoudont knowthemathematicalformulation.
MomentLoad
ForceLoad
April 2011
ModelFile:StartRBE3withMomentandForceLoads.modfem
RBE2MomentCalculation M=2*270.88+2*2.5*91.647 M=541.76 541 76+458.24 458 24=1 1,000 000 Butwhythedifferentnumbers?Seenextslide.
Note: N t For F th theRBE3element l twemust ti include l d th theTX TX,TZ, TZ &RXDOFontheIndependent sidetopreventrigidbody rotationoftheRBE3element.Thisistrickyseeprior slideonNumericalFoundation.
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TechnicalSeminar:EfficientConnections
TheBasics:RTypeElements{RBE2andSuperStiff}
UnderstandinghowtheRBE2workscanbeillustratedbycomparingitagainstasuperstiffbeam.
April 2011
RBE2MomentCalculation YoureallycantdowithsimpleForceandMomentSummations. Th RBE2d The doesaperfect f tjob j bof fenforcing f i the th exact trigid i idconstraint. t i t
ModelFile:RBE2andSuperStiffBeamwithMomentandForceLoads.modfem
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TechnicalSeminar:EfficientConnections
TheBasics:RTypeElements{RBE3} Mechanics
TheRBE3elementdoesnotcreatestiffnessinthestructure.Thetrickisunderstandinghowthe appliedforceandmomentisdistributedoverthemaster(independent)nodes.
April 2011
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TechnicalSeminar:EfficientConnections
TheBasics:RTypeElements{RBE3}
HereisthebackgroundmechanicsontheRBE3element.Youtaketheforce/momentandapplyit atthecentroidoftheindependent(master)nodesandthensplititupequally.
1,000 lbf*in
April 2011
150 lbf*in
M = 2 2*250 250 + 2 2*100*2 100 2.5 5=1 1,000 000 lbf lbf*in in
100 lbf
M = 2*37.5 + 15*2.5 + 15*2.5 = 150 lbf*in F = (50 15) + (50 + 15) = 100 lbf
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TechnicalSeminar:EfficientConnections
TheBasics:RTypeElements{RBE3}
IfwereducetheDependentDOFoftoTY(1DOF),thentheRBE2andRBE3calculatethe following:
MomentLoad
ForceLoad
April 2011
WhentheRBE3hasnoRZ youhavenoRZ
FinalExample:FinalExampleRBE3withMomentandForceLoads.modfem
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TechnicalSeminar:EfficientConnections
AnExample:RTypeElements{RBE3}
Apipestructureismodeledusingplateelements.Itispartofalargerstructurethatisthen connectedtoabeamelement.ByusingaRBE3elementwecanmakeagracefultransitionbefore thebeamandplateelements.Itsoundssimplebutitcanalsobetrickytoimplement.
April 2011
Thepipeexpandsandcontractsduetopoisonseffect.
ModelFile:RBE3PlateandTubeModel.modfem
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TechnicalSeminar:EfficientConnections
RBE3UsageGuidelines:
Donotspecify p yrotationalDOFforIndependent p Nodesexcept p whennecessary yto avoidsingularitycausedbyalinearsetofmastergrids(RememberPriorBeamModel) UsingrotationalDOFonIndependentgridscanresultinimplausibleresults
April 2011
ModelFile:RBE3PlateandTubeModelGuidelines.modfem
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TechnicalSeminar:EfficientConnections
CBUSHElements:PerfectSpringConnection
SettinguptheElementPropertyfortheCBUSHrequiresspecialcaresinceitisnotthedefault formulationwithintheFemapmenustructure.
April 2011
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TechnicalSeminar:EfficientConnections
CBUSHElements:NXNastranElementLibrary Chapter6
April 2011
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TechnicalSeminar:EfficientConnections
CBUSHElements:Isa6DOFcustomizablepseudobeamelement.Ithasall theadvantagesofabeamelementwiththeabilitytodialinspringvalues.
April 2011
Note:IftheCBUSHelementisnotproperlyconstrained,itwillcreate mechanismsmuchlikeanyotherelement.Thisexampleworkswellsince thebeamelementthattheCBUSHisattachedtohas6DOFandisfully constrained.
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TechnicalSeminar:EfficientConnections
CBUSHElements:Isa6DOFcustomizablepseudobeamelement.Ithasall theadvantagesofabeamelementwiththeabilitytodialinspringvalues.
April 2011
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TechnicalSeminar:EfficientConnections
CBUSHElements:ConnectingCBUSHelements(andlikewisebeamelements) to3DOFsolidelementscanbeproblematicduetorigidbodymotions (mechanisms).
April 2011
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TechnicalSeminar:EfficientConnections
MyStandardFemapSettings: HighResolutionGraphicsandHousekeeping
April 2011
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TechnicalSeminar:EfficientConnections
MyStandardFemapSettings:ViewSettings
ViewSettingsCanBeSaved Thinkdatabase Thinkdoonce
April 2011
OpenModelFile:PredictiveEngineeringRecommendedViewSettings.modfem
