Nucleus & Nucleolus: by Dan Intartaglio & Joel Skivington

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Nucleus & Nucleolus

By Dan Intartaglio & Joel Skivington

History
-Discovered in 1831 by Scottish botanist Robert Brown -Suggested the nucleus played a key role in fertilization and development of the embryo in plants
-Name (nucleus) derived from the Latin word for kernel/nut
Robert Brown 1773-1858

Main Characteristics

Membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells Generally found in the central region of the cell (in animal cells) Roughly spherically shaped Largest and most easily seen organelle

Primary Functions within the Cell


Repository
Enables

of genetic information (DNA & RNA)

the synthesis of nearly all proteins

Houses

the nucleolus
for production of ribosomes

Responsible Selective

transportation of regulatory factors and energy molecules through nuclear pores

Structure

Nuclear Envelope
Consists of:
Phospholipid

bilayer membrane Pores

Nuclear

Ribosomes

Nuclear Pores

Allow small molecules to diffuse easily between nucleoplasm & cytoplasm Control passage of proteins & RNA protein complexes

Import: proteins moving in to be incorporated into nuclear structure or to catalyze nuclear activities Export: RNA / RNA-protein complexes to the cytoplasm

Nucleolus
Largest

structure present inside the boundaries of the nucleus staining zone in center of nucleus

Dark

Where

intensive synthesis of ribosomal RNA takes place components are ribonucleic acid (RNA), deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and proteins

Main

Progeria

Caused by a mutation in gene LMNA (Lamin-A) LMNA gene produces the Lamin A protein, which is the structural scaffolding that holds the nucleus of a cell together Defective Lamin A protein makes the nucleus unstable. That nuclear instability appears to lead to the process of premature aging in Progeria.

Questions
What

is the dark spot at the center of the nucleus called?


a) b) c) d)

What

are the primary functions of a nuclear pore?


a) b) c) d)

Golgi apparatus Nuclear pore Nucleolus Ribosome

Photosynthesis Production of proteins Storage of genetic material Import / Export of specific molecules

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