, a farend Be oe 20) Her tnd ie he lot tng of hembra, he ain depth fr ‘he patch condor, Pte mer dated by the pach antenna Wy iste timesverged taal esegy sored unde the pth rome Wit he anes died nts of Bp the ees or in (419) soon mediicles Boe) aay 1s eld he flowing eget or Zy 2 = ent Se I Gm Pitted 42) be ~ 8a) ~ wih Balto 30) =A] BEF cosh eosltae) tv The varios tems in (422) ci Be denied a he contin of ‘avo mate of he patch iy, Bed 0 th enifadon an eae ‘eed the path ame dwn aim Fg 43) (5). The (00) | Sth p= Or the ai capac ofthe pth with shunt sane og ‘nunting fr the ly stern with le tangent 8. The ne tem (1) ‘proche eonant ode of the atch Int the anion line mode dace in Secon 421, The impedance bce for hi mode can beeprsed inthe form of pr LLC nemo where Rg epee ‘he niiton, conductor and deci oa. The 1) od an be repre ‘ened by snr RLLC new Al the ier nde modes ave gpl Tomer (csp higher), nd irene ca bec in = gle induc [The network of Figure 430) can be singed eo tat ofre Geet et te nr ma. on 18 rc ena! 6) Sep pe he two tary ee RE gon poe Fare 438 orth ao band fis about te ona oho me Hh aan ah nice Lh bos ‘Sri oetbe es indctance Espen fr eelped dens and Lan be sine rom the (LD) em of (4.22) com (1.0) erm of (22 and ate gen ca Leas aw as Evaluation of Zig forthe (1, 0) mode at Ho = ke, gives afte deo() ase ats In detving the bore express we bare ed y= foe and er SE ener Ha ie inp etc fe = b= ee Meet Md the amped enent vies cn be ane om he ime Alper reo the computed cue If the soa a pach ons, Ris the ena roan and Q7 he wu Se lao ee ream al obuined or he impeince irethen sae mh ar NOT “The vals of Land Cate gen by 2 Oe or Oo iatek ana ihe input mpaince 6 «ULC pall esoant cit is found so be Tipee “This single made can be wed to bai at appoint vale of np mp treo of bse. We so pit ot tn he ek impedance merce othe it acne vale before dhe reste tho Pca, o he pos opr essa ca be wed 0 {Tne de room Feu See eet ednc fa poke Kl engl pach aca plo ‘nF OE ee ict fe locos (6), Te agen: beween in el edo th coy tol and mcd pt impel aerate be wy grow The resonant gene the gen Fd i ere tether dein of 7.62 ti abed Fm ser hath impetus on shin se 8 he a ssid ey aan orn ee The fl inacace canbe decried fom he fer oan or he momen few ote te LC ncn i be sar eee 4) The tpn caso hi ecw 2 ce pene =O anne Sah chart Te sym of aru in ig 44 evo te indo Ly ho ldsax samo Fa 64 compare cng mesa et gece rate {2s wn 008 Gram 9 18 EE ad wpm) ‘he fed inducrnc. The wale af he ed reacance ca he determin fm ure 4 by marking he enter ofthe mpc cide. The eae vale foes oi read frm he Sith har the Bed reac "Vato oer mods ave been predic the perfomance of the recangiar patch snes. Ths alae the model expson rd ie {Pal moda, cv with impolane wally dm newer modal The ‘lion neowork mul wae Gad in Chage 2 Other moe at di lone in 5. Mow of thene model are vale, cl hae th drawback, rom the designer point of view the cy mali impl snd an provide ‘loom deignsquntons There, othe fling secon Seen ose developed sed Igo tie model The cea oft sgn {nfrmsion is improved by bowing fom fllwae ane, 43. Design Considerations for Rectangular Patch Antonnas Amicon nen lement cant ed lane i corbinton with er tke elements pure of an ay. In eter cave he deer boa have 2 sep bye denen degn proce Feting chau Reve bern diced {Chip 1 and wl not Se diced Farber here ‘nly the evel al of» ign to see specie perormance sbaracesis swiped operating Fagen. IF comp amen “onfgution cin achive these over al he the it econ det hitale ann gomeny. A vecungle pach antenns can be Jie sing the procedure deeb Inthe nex smesion 41 SubctteSeteton “The it dsgn ep ie oct aa deci bre of appopie Tick band lo tangent A thicker suite, Bses Bing mecanialy ‘rong il cee the died power, rece andacor fod improve Tpeanc bandwith: Hower, ls inten he weigh deci, ‘irae nd eran ion om he robe ed ean pric anne slope resonating for siberate ticknces ret than O1Ay (ey 258) due wm indeivefacnce ofthe pabe Fed) The nbte {ect cneae ey lays te im o ha of abort thickne. ATow ‘ac of forte aren wilincene engin edt ph ptghen, id ha be ned power, Thess, sues with 6 £25 te pred Chl mule pc sie dete A ince Inte sub thick sna efron antenna araceriice wade in the ae of ‘big ou tangent irene cht and hte rte anes ‘ney. The acer contin and acre Be consid in making he hole ofthe set re etal in Appx A Te for ot commonly ‘eed nba mater chosen = HOT Dari (= 232 quae (ee 8) and amin Ce = 10 422 Cement With and Length Patch wid haa minor to he onan este ad ition pte ‘the ane Ie te np one an andi er ent 1 lager patch with nce she power acted and thar gies eee fronts rita, incensed bandh ad iced raion Cie) ‘Wi proper acon one may hoo a pth with W rene than the patch length Lwihour ectingundeedmodes Acosta» ge fri wth the encrtono graing kes in antenna sry nd salth sn igh ptf wo reac the rel energie The pach ‘dh ab ates ru platon charac The uch with ol be ‘ec oobi pod radon enya ete ements or 2 {pig Tbe ae noe onering Tact K hasbeen suse’ ha Yewite2 67 The pach lng determine he resonant feqdeny, andi tal panama in dsgn beats ofthe ihe mar andi othe pach, {Tos mrothondrsproinaton, he ph hg £ forte TM mde bien by L an Ne The fixe Ye in (4.24) da ote ling byte bac ani sey ad for ey ide puch npr the fl eo oie the puch, faction the Bi ie tie the phys dimensions x fhe pach. Thi iced th img fel The fo he Bnging el Soagtheedgay = Candy ~ Wank ded tough eee dieie toms yf mice ine of with Won the gen abate: Wi the relacemet of 6 by ty (420 becomes use (425) An exresion fry gen in Appi B These improvement oer (4.25) chained by ncn the ef ong fle he oie nds of he pch, tht i alg he eer x= O and = L- Thief en be del ints of dion ie length AL on eer es oft uch Teng Consequently, the fie patch leh Ly comes EY ats (10) bss a0 “The eens for, £4 £4 and Cs ze gen in Append B asd on thi aptoach nea he lowing deg vlc fr beg oat 25) Bales Another way ncide deft of fining ela ledge of te puch nto decibe thee in ene of he fle iste conta a he ih and engin eared. Le ey(W) and yd) be the elev dete 4) a0) we he ahs ame fs) -(02 rarer + 00a A) Ys waar James a (1) have wd thi ppt to determine he ronan fequeny fr he dine TMig ade the raga ach steno is prem by PUT A Teele Hee 3 ean empiri constion ao bt np foen(n aan uum (4.1) ound wo yi rexnan quency within 396 ofthe cspeimenal ae. The dag bso (428) hme pols bec of tater accra. The above dain for he pyc diner forthe TM yo ‘mode cn be esl pneaied woe ooant mods Kira he edo number of experimen inven om he vesxanutfegeney forthe TM ode fs ecm ach ame 12,ra ‘Sve en a 1A, The mniate we were Dud wih t= 0001 and,» 222, B= 017 mms 6,0 238, F079 apd 157 meee = 102, b= 127 em nd PTFE brn wth tn8= 0402, 672230, A= 150 my and erm 255,42 18 and 4.76 enn. Theresa fen aged fom 337 15 645 GH, andthe wien det thoes treed. te ange 0065 shay 0.292, Ay dee. His stad bow ha AL ele fom (14) +0300 Wik 0264 Ab 04126 D8 Wks ED am) fi the mented rennan quency within 1.0% [12). The vale of AL Gren by (4.26) war no eed by hin Te expected tha the eo 4.20) Should ren sheer fe The vale ofthe pach width, necey 0 bia SOM inp impedence, wat unde Be ie by [3 = Niall) — 1) (as) MutiayoradDiletie Mirostp Antenne For ceri ed dis ke aperture coping nd promi coping i conver in thanenna sing wo det yes, sich inne, Seis necenary ine the eer ofthe ler to deri thereat feqoeny, Zhong oa 15] be developed cse-orm expen for he ronan equine ofthe TMip mode. Coofomalanfrmation rw 0 ‘Escmine theese dlc cone of the malloc scope of whidh the ecanglr patch ra scion End elect nd ipeson eos fiom wel-Laown sous ate wed tose at an secure esresion The romeo the rectangular mcsip perms empleving muleered dike: {et shown in Figure 4 Subst arate rao defined in ci igure, “The esonant eqn ofthis antenna ie by (4.28) with the expresion for ey fo che lle nln gen in Appendix B (BO. The openend een AL is obtained om (4.26) wid quntises 6 and Wb pine by oad W,lhn, expcive. The xpos fo the alent ative perf gen by 15) aa eo 43) 0) Brom Miri see = gre 5 Krnsngut rte ama wih mie ee mart em (8) © UE. ape an person “Te cfs of pein on efene pei is ncaed through (278. The esonane euery sbene fom the above ose om exe ‘ont spared to be scurte owithin 2% povided tat the tt dei (Hk sie haha + bhan $01 where Aa is the waeegih io the sh dec ge 423 Rainn Ptors and Radiation Resistance “The ation perf en ante ae of pine norte in dee, rst of rion hance, which de Dewey be Shape ‘iodo lle, plraton and ada power, The adation pt ten zeae! fom te pte incon dered in hope 1 The ‘alan fem the puch canbe deve eter fm the Ey Had sem the ‘pernrebercenthepach andthe pnd plane ing vectors pre tom the urns on heme of the patch conductor lemon veo! ‘egncic porn). The easmioso ne model and ery made eploy ‘He apece Bel approach. ln the rnsmiion line mod west at he fading edges ate caida. The eit del employs fou talon hemu ren nie ant petiphery ofthe pach. However he contin of the nora {the atin puter con fe neglect for approximate leone “The eae magne arent souteeon the perme of ee lar puch tena ed fon the dlc Bl don unde path ncn. li en by Bite, 9) tab, 35) “The i ed and ie cnegonding peice amen in Fipue 46 fr vous de, adaton Patrn Based on ¢Two-Slot Model In this model she ain pattems fr the TM mae ae eed by ‘ollng te tcenna sx combina fo pura sw gh ih Brand macel s dance Laat a suggested in Fig 47. The ation fo the patch ney ple wth he elec ld ied ng ee fc length If the vlog co either aig oc een ay ee ‘atinon id eon! by malig he adiaion perm of so (029), wih she aay etre sin Bor) One obtains ot, By she on FF 369 on y= jh eno sind Fs 3a) tre = sicltghindenai2ainc lhe Winding 2) Fy = AealtpLsin dear?) guntons (362) and (30) il he Flowing expresion br the radian fan he pip place of a oangu micnip tea ted inte TMy mode or the =O" plane or E pls 40) =0 an) F400) omy E408) = jo esp Mari Ase m Fie 5 nifign Ts ot oo eer sth ames tein wre Sinc(hgbin bcos Lin 82) (4208) For the &= 90" plane or H pane 24) a 0)» shove 6400) hee Fiy= inch Wind) 4408) ‘The shone expen fr radon ek au thatthe raining dss aren fie sce. The eof the ground plea sab of he anne ‘the ration pares an be incade by mean of tr (nd Ft) (239) n Chapter 2 Ths fcr flow Fordhe Eline pater Yer = sik 8 ~ jeyconteoltybafe, — an @) B+ aan Pest Miri Aer m and fr the Heplne pte Au) > ttn rd ~jNe-= a0 clk) ‘The fin eadiion pest then fr he Egline pate, om FAO) =-jto¥ow FOF) a0 and orth Hine per, E60) = fo¥eW LE FEO) (wn ‘asin Pater Based onthe Elctie Surface Curent Made This mechan of radon x employed inthe illnave aay echiqoes {or micrp antenna (Chapter 3) In thir mode the path ean | replbed by thence cen duton, andthe erased Fr, kg {nv acount the pounded sabre drug an exer Gren fain, The ‘siaion pater found wo be [16,7 240.0) = sing EB ACT, ORL) — 8h 20.6) - evo. dE) swhte 10,8) ithe Fourier tanto ofthe patch cent, For the TM\o| trode with 17 % Hts) igh JinlBe) for deeet, O 12)and Way 03. Thisepe Son hrm et glee la _m(i-feds) FO-F-%)) 0 here A= (IP iag, andthe soma rmmane leah B= (2A gusto (56) high the Rr thar se date. power i dey ‘proporivoal (i) and (gh) and 4.56) oe ot nde the fi of| Stsite pace Get ht ted» doe form appoxinateession For Ps by igang (4.30) analy (20). This eed aking some sumptions The son sow approximation wa ety = sn?) = Ube, sin), which eis he acucy of resuingexpesions. The fal power as deermined in + dosed fom “Te esa adatonsondatanceG,fr = pc el aan eg an Le deri fen pores td Py a ow: oe «1608 as us, asm) Reser Mirriy An » “The epresions fr, wi an eximatel accuscy of 10% avenger ‘bs 003g and tr 10 gen blow 2 Wz aso where 2 the charts impedance of he mirorip ine of hich tbe patch st egent ad oe 8 = (hoi053— 0037951492? ~ 003558e,) 459) wheres fo 5 #10 hekth «a By fe= L29 -S57ANE AD as) Jee yb ~ slGe) «05me = to Winyi08856 ~ 00sss6re, 003795/e3] 62) = [0248714 0.373071 « 013988718} CComparinn withthe sumer for R,abow dae (438) and (460) have ter ery or tin alr wt lome A posite ‘peion has be derived in [6] a “The suey np ntoneiance splot ia Fig 4.10. ‘Trenton reas funders wh nee sashes ted gach wih Bete power rated cr IF the pt Fe at “Teance a or oe f the ting eps, he inp estan dined Ra = Readnsyit) ao “The for cna) abe deo ec ld vations ote doi aoc td, 434 Lares ond 0 Factor : “The quay far ofa pach ants cst be termined 2 imple thecaiy model Is andl in cenit VSWR bandit fe19 RESONANT RESISTANCE DIELECTRIC THICKNESS 4/9) | ence es re sf Wig nde 22 ro anean The wt quay foro the patch Qc be defined in ers of the gual facts aed with various pe of lass in he path nen. ao OG where Qrepcening anya the qf on he gh hand Seo 4.68) tind wt ate pone 05) “The cxcgy sored at ysonance Wr ie the same, independent of the mechani of pe os. There, (69) an be epee tested ta i Here, Pye poet in the ly deci of dhe subtest the powe it det the Bt condi af uta ako le opp lam Phe pwede inte fom of ace move (4.5) and Pa ‘he power lt th form af pe cased aay bythe sce wes, The over lsesP,asand Pate fontin pes 1 foro pes of bse [ititee, Py Py P+ Py Nove that he cbr nena can be hen Fine 0 Yon fie poe (ss a ici a ta eat rainy oe Tay me = 1 flspm o/cb one Tai n= 288" 4038 ow 1 Por Pr ed ath xin) ‘ch ha eke died an un P,> P> Pfr only sd fadition enc. Expresins fr Py Py Py, Wry Qg, Qe and Q, ete ‘erred ia Seton 23. Some of the exreions sf pen Ae Gis end cab gee eed (1608 Cinitier Tenamaaiectociune th Qari vas aged so ‘Thence wave poner ities by [6] fase] feito synse Esand Hythe lds of he dominans TM ure wave mode. The YPnet oo th sue mes an be melee for thin ahd ow dete ‘hsan sat Howee for acute anal oe ane the falling pres 7) ea egea OVE Pye eA, { inc Whyrysin Do bl ots | aig) 2) c bd «or Te a ] sso 1 td sy = Blk he normal phase conan fo the TM sce wae fee which the expen vale Sesion 15. The sui wave poms ince with bad ey Toga iden the aon of Q wth band yt ws apposite omy are Whee and Fa Opeth —— 470) ‘Silay, canbe sown fom (456) ad (67) eat ara gue 412 shows sha dhe soa quiy Facto fillows shit pe of tev 425 Bandwitth Foran ann the ani be dined ina mame of was depending cn the cutis see For example or ily planed anes Rese Miri Aa = ‘ncn pth at (5H an © 198 Pee Pero the mia ato badd canbe ge pedence over ther charts. Sly, gain ant pcr bends re more spot fas Inthe bree af any soc sued precede impede bande r VSWR. Fw fr csp atm spied The bande oa ed ie VSWR Sea be shown 0B 8 — rons Expreion (4.689 for Qy an be dt deazine the bandh of she puch anennn Fgue 413 shows the bandh incon of r0- sao tegen 1. New om sh gare hte bw nce te ines n sobreshickone and dasene in decie conwane Sie (Gy (hth yee bandh i expected inate with te spect ao Bic of the pach, Vainton of bandwith with he W. and Le ly trough ot bythe apposite expr en bw (16) am wel aw, Per Beer to Tt araFig 418 ton of npc banish with sagan Ty oan rang pth = SH on [© 188 Per whee 29228557 —oosthyd? : amy tow 1 21605, a) a0 ane sd and eh ration iene Sina in the ne save, Compion sch mesic esl sh tat (4.72) bs Bete acco ow vrs of Uiforeys 22, (672) ga vey good acy ory © 5. Camparion| Fhe Sandoval lead wig the cy model 0d the alm “preach shows ha cvie nel ject lower vale of Banda 1 "The aro te pach stencil bene acting the indacance ofthe radars hy cating hols or ao a ot by ing Tescnecomponcnt improve te math af he aro chef ine | by prs long ofthe nto. This topic in more dei ia Chae. 4436 Radiation Eicon. 6, “The ain ficiency ie deine teri of he ied powe Poth inp pome Py tha z x9) a ‘The inp power gs dt inthe form of ranted power, ue ‘wave pomer td dspam nthe condo and ler Theor. (8.73) Sin be pened a a7 RR Pav Pan “The died power i pencrlly small for lows subsites 2 mo wave fees and one cn rte 2, copie a) Feisnoraecnaryt ante (4.5) and (1.69) 10 deine he dion ficiency of ecangle cop antenns Ise a ben bed thar dation iensy depends primary on the subsite thcknos ad Fermiiigs and isnot afc ery mich citer by the puch sage or {he fed [2], Nemeral rook indicate that dion iceney alma Independent of ape ro WIL of he ean pc [17] Teac hat ‘can be deine fom any sumed curren inton, Poa ar ed {infil caren source on te subaate ad oben the Flowing ‘Sloe oe expen oP abd Pa (2) sia om Pag” 02Hwhee tthe normal phe onsant fr she TMy sutce wave. The Talo eine saint ting (476) ound 0 be scutes She fe bey ih 21) Cel frmexprenions reported i (16) ae aro (470. “The aan eine a2 Function f ssa equ plowed Jn igre 414 [I Noe tha enc denier he bre nos oe Sse dies comsane crn Thi de othe Bet hat uc wae owe irene wih band ‘The power ems a. 75) a be xprene in tems of eoeponig ‘conductance sind 0 (457) 2 There one cn wie Gr Ga As sted eatin, ain icine at the recive pin of the anvcana though @ =D, The gin pl in igre 415 [0 The ein ‘on ih fuecy st ene otha of adiaion ein ‘cue dist connie idk rane Bequeny fr gen subst “The fiat of bre cscs om bande, ronan esi tance dicts ad adit icy plowed in igre 416 [171 Tis ttre fom eta bth eigrand ain iene dee ESCRUN FREQLENEY Ge) Fae 8 Vrisn aiban caey a en te TM fever git wih 2S r= 8810 Im 80D Fon Un nae Pgs ape wth eran) Reson FREQUOIEY Oe) Fi Vries un i esr sy he Thy mae of» econ gocheh 180-38 Sim, 52008 Fon with ince ine, wile radinionresance nro Thi behavior i due {oh edn Banging dl an pach enh with incre a 437 Feed Poot Location ‘fring the pas dimensions and Fr 2 ven sabre, the ex tal eo deem the fed pint (508 ora 2 pod impedance tnnch oes he eneror mpedan and he npr mpedance oe patch ‘Seen bcd fom (122) hat the changin fed atone fo chage in the opt impeance an hence provides + inple meth ft inpedaoce matching, From (22) we ace tae the fed i Tcated at eayand D 78 the apr fouane a exoanee a he dominant “Mie ode cn cape jotmaylt) RR am Ry where sth inet dtane fm the rang ge. and the raion Tian at somance we the pach fds adn edge The aon {Sucace hu bce deermingd a Secon 433. The ine dane 57 1 ‘Seed sath cht Rye he ed ine panic, ual tak 8Baa Rose Miri Acre a 50 hog shed pin an ie leant aang the patch wih ia benet a chose y+ WW Lo that TMy od) oder reno ‘ced slong nth he TMyp me, Deeminaton of te xe ed poi ‘eyes a ratve ein for (4.22). Equaon (077) provides» wel {online fo the purge. Kaha sages an exreion fr set doe to eed elon of aio ence Iti apronmaely ie by 3 " a ea ws weer miines Gen) hr el) i defn by 4.30, 428 Polarization “The plsnatin of tng ptch neni ad ete ong he ‘suing dimension when opted te dominant mode Lage aith fc anenou may opente inthe Righer oder mode. The ration es and polation for ths ode an be deren fm he donee fro. Another source for cos-plrnon i the Fnging Bild sang he Nomad ees Thx flere ote 9° wth rpc 0 the Bel theta edges Ther onus to he anon Bld in he © and Plier sero. However, inthe itercilplaes.cen the ea sng fonde puch will dace cose pred Rida The ce palnzton le ince ith bre thklnc, Cir plaiatog cn be tana fom res ae pc by aly acing te fed pine (2). Pelarton of the antenna an be chang mchanaly of elon or dectonic Toning PIN diner varsor dds can het, Polaron dives, wed in mobile commaiesions wo coun te ree gal eth dae {0 fnding darned in Chop 10 Forse dominant (0) mode exision ad er paisaton, she mode (@, 3) conte maximum the co polation To cay ths fi he een Bea she ee the patch forthe (1 0) aed (0 2) ‘oleate lowe in Fig 4.17 fe sr The ec snow inthe (0) Inte indent the cope fel and the horn ars in he (0 2) ‘mode inte te cre plar edge Sl. Nace tha the cose pol arows [rte (0,2) me ee pimel oposite dros and ee 9220 ‘pol feldin he rondo 23). The cos-plaed omponen ‘hs eanglr path can be suininiel by 4 se coe of puch wih Weber sown ang the city modal an simple sumer ha 24] T et onscmenoaess Oe/Ad Fiore 4 Vn dnt resanessnc, ec ado inc about Ans oe se ich nar Prem © EEE Reed i pemanandoo 0 z Ml lt Fine 17 Ves et oe conan i ages as Wr etn hy moon Gran © a cee (ler at thon) Ea Bie Ergt Eu sel -()) «1 cham ale ~ ontoaye TW 3g! (ir) ) * "tT a Oe am) where Ay and Ay secon apliades “The vation fl apa with pect ei WIL ple in Fie 417 or dee soup ir fed. The oer parser ar yo =O sy OBIE, fo 48 Gian = 0032, The ie [Eoal IE 8 one “theo Es 1 and 20, adic emia fr WIL E13, Hoya Tove cried ou a emia as for the pabefed sangurptch, Tee ‘ele show tha oplraton radiation nor aleed by ena euch) Id ibrate hknos,bu ders palaton ee cess th sna Frieny andlor nate che 251 439° -ROS of» Rectangular Ptch “The seating behave of patch antcaa is esc in ns of ts ae cto sean, RCS, Kis deine | kas Mirrp Anrs = m= Anes (a0) where ashe @plrod ware Ba om he uch, A sii dion Tos forte @-pled ld The RCS ano Burdon the ice el ad he seated fd thing the vu boundy condos and tetas cond, Ana cd the inl equation peach sows thie any her sxe xpih antenna ha peak ala of RCS a he nna gues fhe at [26)-Thr stow in Pe 418 Ar these Frequency the RCS ale mors th th row scion ares othe pte, {ico (Oi te angle af oy nie 0 1) (20) Vain of RCS with and sir tha ofthe dation patter ofthe pth atten 4210 Ehets ofa Dilecwie Cover 2 esrsp antenna can beso c cng or be contd wth pia o¢ Gite marl or presi Boo he eionment. This oe acs £ (Ua em amen «2 27 rotten =e 6 A om [© 7 EE Rapes wih permspeormance oan exe tt should be known. In pat, he rane Froqeny lowered cuing ing problems and ser deeading peer tance, whick cn be sera, beue the andi of the ames Inherey ow ‘When + mir pach oer bya leche le apse sn) proper, lie effete dice conan, les, Q ct, ties pi change The cane i fete dlc cman mae han ther characters The aroun of cane dependent on he tikes and ‘lsive emit of the ssperrce. The proper ofthe onion ie Figure £5) have ben sed ing rats apres 3, 27-28, Zhen tal [15] hive dered he ro uperateon the eee dlc ‘oni, endef nenvion. ad diperion of» mini line Express feceyand daperion ae inn Append 8, (270) and (8.274), epee. ‘An ereion fc the apeend enon AL ix gen Sion 43.2. The ‘etna query of micoip anna wih sper aye pled in Figure 419 4 incon ofthe dae costa of hegre 5) “The teoane fequeney ound to doses th Dut sy The prec he cone ayer roc changin he ation paste so. The es have been determined 29, 30) Te lennon for ‘heradtion Bade are pen by (4), ep tha be or) ad F(0) Dow iad the ft ofthe caer ayer The aw expensing yer suber of hickne and sper hicks dst [29 rag Mirai Ane = eam) $28 niBad) 81) Fy) = evden) Bd {wo} + eam) : ~ifskigsme(t- EEG omar eine) |) ramet (onta) Dont) =sfrsorme(- 0 taints) a Bro fons) Ba = kort) and m0) = Vena) Venn Rodin poueas of micssip puch amen with « cove leer sue pled in Fue 4.20 [I], The parmetes ted ep = 232, b= 1199 em tnd" O00, «= 260, d= 03175 om, En 91K cm, and We 1 em. The Heplane pavern i found vo become arom dae 10 the preeace of he cover layer The scat incre nin a wl ee Uf the icmp antenna wich sper (9), Sapeet shage 6, ve ben ted 0 improve the gan of sll aeanar ac for hand revere Huang ea wee abe oeohance the gin by 108 dB wing 3 ‘Speneate wih 2 =79 and d= 3.05 em [1 Some more examples ae ‘eld in Caper 10, The states on sapere eft we ao we in ‘Somes spplstons of sch nena 4211 Efets of Finite Size Ground Pane Ica een atu in he anass and design of map ances ht he sae of pound pane nie Te acral ue ony» Bae rand plane Can belmpemened. In some ppction, for tines. ia handed estes Suc inns pomiun, Ak, forthe we af cep sens er fea the ground plane site sboald be ined. The pa to reduce the sean sie and the goad plane een beyond the pach Senin |\¥ 4. mii, Neil ad aaa hus have been wed co aly {upRtmor D3 3336), Fine pound line ges sew dilation of SSLSSS fom he edp ofthe gun plane routing in ang in aon ‘itn aon comeusance and oma equ. Kuboya eal Bae wel the ul of experince sets the ont een, ‘Shon poems and gn oft cosanplr pach a a uncsion of ground Bisa ewes Gund tha for x pth amen with the ound plane Paes gto the pach mato dane equ igs ome 2000 426 sy BT its pound pe sen Benn ound le E ‘extension by d (see Figure 4.21), the fractional change in resonant frequency i Spent 83 : af test h i in Ma Ll baat wih) foe wih 8h) i sah eB i : orks aes fd ot sing the noe cn 3 : 40h i foe 430) i ws 4 = BE iad — Yb 420 — oe i as 7 I ‘igor 421 Matured chenge inthe resonant frequency wih rou i sess ey gate ct mee ee“The far of ground pane sion the oman que plate in Figur 421 (39 oboms tae these of he ound lane cee, ‘he roonane feqency decent and approaches tha af the infinite sd [Bound pane coe we te ince inte aur g/20 onal ses. “The eet of nie ground plane on raaon id as ben sik by Huang wing the sperete model fr naan a ufo gee | theory of diftton (GID) The ft of the sete thee ifacton ‘elation i not nels. The Een aiason patter aed moe than he plane pers bythe finite red round plane Figure 4.2 res the difeence beeen the Eline pera ors rwo-wavlengh god [Bane and an innit pound plan (2) For esa pound aes Ppp ae inoue ino the prem one + mide range of angle A the fl the ground plane sr incese the ple inthe main pen diminih ‘i ite gn plane re exten nh cd te menawlrgh pod pe wisn ate pod fon, Pate vst 2h» 274 en 2 © EE sed prison) Resp Mii nr » 4212 Computer Aided Design “The dig informason prone ee a be nae in CAD pscage “To clanty te vaiour wep inte eign proces eto conser te eign fa misty mnteaa fr ich the sabre dc con bales Teen veered’ The cneerains for the ston of subrte te iein Seaton 43.1 snd Append A. The patch dimensions Land Wand sbsate thcknen hae to be deemined for 4 deel ronan feency fad ‘dit B. Farther the ed lcon (ep) 0 he deermined fe = 500 ipa pean. “The dg srs withthe deterintion of are hicks becane ‘hi paneer long th oenes the bani cosienbly. Equation (3B ewe fo elt the vale off To implemen (724 sae Wale apes io WIL and anon iincy ned be eae. One ‘hou der WIT auch the ratiaon vesistince Ry forthe gen seer ‘fan se dine impedance For dhs one can wea design gap berween [and WIL fra numberof vas of The preter ands ain ‘tle of = 1a be din (472) 10 ermine he ae of Th alae [thie nv wd in (75) 0 elt the acl. The ve of ean be lve in» sinar manner These comida determine the vale oF Je and WIL. The patch lenges [i deeined net om the esonaee onion, (428). The nt tp = deerme the fd oan. Te wale ‘api govened by (77 Forth he niin stance een ‘hough (657) ar De know For beer acy (35) is mea tomer so eae Py The fd poi ten yf WD ad Cee or (47) The pein design ofthe pt tana i ow comple "The dein should oow be sed forthe rsonant pen, inp impedance nd tani Fr hn shold eae the nut eget {fiction of equ, Let ut we the cry mole val of quale Ino angen Bg bd te kronn 0 cate oe inparinpedance expresion (E32) We know hae Sgr Qr. Nex Qy it deermined,Abough he tae of ream be determine the deed VSWR bandwith nd 66.70, the sggeion i that (466), (467, ad Py ae dcerminel ear be wel ina for bee accuracy in Qiu ielane i now compe ak 4 Fineins of eurnry nea the ign eqn Ten wer ch fad in(23 shoul be asicenstocompte Zp, The computed aur of sont Fegueny inet rsinance and tani ae deems! fom chow da [eave ley tha the competed aes sigh dient fom se design ‘alc da to the apposite tte ofthe design equations andthe etof fd sexta on roomate 90 beg inde nthe sige Fed feacance can be ete fom (29) ad aed othe call inp [pede re, The pach leg Land fed locaion spate now vn itm ave tan aconate dsp Forth he Newoo-Raphson proce (dca be wh, ‘To eo fo the change in exon quency fm the dg ve ‘he pth eng shoud be ahd. Fri can be ame at the gt tees cue ier aout the ssoean length ass Here Xa ithe dese input eacance a the oman equ nd Xu) isthe aad rstance ined a she dig fequengy. Bosse Xa oad tee ar tbe roomant Gequency. one ota fom (882) aE wasn) BFA The dope AL i eemined sunray om oe lat auc of. Toe am pt length LB) Top inpedance cle og ‘ile pc eng Te poe ie epened unl ee deel lean it Trnant fgucncy i tune. Una the four rans ste neal ‘With here length + sight change i ip renter ober. “Ths the fd poston raw ajuned on obin 250 npr estan. Forth we cn me in = AR coef!) ase these Ri i the apo itn hihi iene fom she deste vac 2a ebeid te fod poi 9p and Ki ah abiry conan. Le he core ed poston been sacar ss) From (486), ne abn he cored ed lcaton =) A simi bjt in ste ins ban Be rege oobi the ceed bad The designed puch may now be ive fo i ther characernc sah alton peern, emit, gun ion ‘en, and disci. Thee cancers can be determined by compe. Ing the exponen eee “The CAD sppothpreotad ahve dacs not have the aca of func aap De atl or parame se ofthe characteris of {reanglarmictnspene ian do be wed von puro ‘Siar sofware arable (3, ‘44 Tolerance Analysis of Rectangular Microstrip Antennas. vations inh ftv ea imenion fhe pach amen fom he Alspeed valcs can led o dace tetoey the designe snd sl ‘oman quence, Thc dvs may inde evasion in the laie ‘mii of the berate mata nny te suber ck evo dg vrisns nie atoms ngh a wh, The derepany Inthe eon quency pei giana of he aon bard ‘ih ofeach ance In ther sen the let ofan Incas {il sabe lear on the onan quency conser ‘Manufcuing lanes da can aerthe sane Regency ae che sive thickness h and dideicenitane ey Law erie conmant tnburaes 21 6 20, sich pole ores ad reali ep Sly hve colence of 419% in dese anv and 33% im sabre Thc, Hig dik consun brat sch alumi, ave aes ‘finders conte and Sn bre hicks, Mos acon eos aie ara esc fincas nosing Eching sccuicy depen om both the prc ad he chm wed in the phate ching pes Sabeare popes sah turer Ei sad eletion thane she deeiae te eching accuse. ew wel kan tha iow ‘pei prcuions, cing aes ee 0 the metalation theo ecu te bandwith of crv antennas sro is impor nd increig to sd the vans In rescnaneFueny che co the tore tio The cle of thew cn on other chance af the pth aeons isexpected wo be negligible Por conga (rar) omen atennathelawext oder roa frgpecy feat be scutely peied Fo : ws) Saran, :here AL the endaer enetion and dein in 626 A fonder “hage in he resonant regency cn be bane By ing tlerane sala [37 veing in isst-[(av) -(an)]” en where ey the change inthe sve rive emi dea inacsy inthe fieion ofthe patch and lence i hae ameter, and grey see =[(Gigav) + (pas) + Rtas) « (ew) ]” whee AW, ib 8 Sey and 81” ae the olernes in patch pnts From (438) 0 (490) we aaa UAE) AS) eee) Cra) ese) “6)]] aon (420) ormiconp antenna, WY» | andthe nace in Wo oder ofimenation cnet che (e194 er willbe Al, Chelle of spins om eye ey seal: ce, 49) becomes SAGE) (Ce) Cee] oo» me 4 fx han of th hand Se-osfre(] wo eons eagle Mira fr Fee ofO-8) ] ws ‘Using theo oqsins the flsonltansia he ronan frequency fap moni antenna, of dimen show, splot 3 anton fhe range Fegueny in Figures 423 ml 424 (In igure 4.23 ae ‘hace chngs intone equncy da mgven eran sks han 536 Sp tos raananefgueny of 15 GH. Fe ejrnce shove 2 Gl the ‘angen esonane erty is evenly iepeden of thee of hor ‘SeeThe major fic onthe change in sonane feng i eo the ‘shia lerace in eer Fre 2 Tt hge he rma sy hy Sevan one nea 2 emesate Mir Atr, » os eee a | 18 Dineen on 8 om | (Sts aon ae Hegre wt om hess gn rTM mat os 1 rem The changin he ena urn of micros atena ibid an alumina sabe sown in Fgte 424 In ths cs, ca be es ‘har the oe ee exact feqency smn esd by tleanes ae fd thas tiene of nthe dace constant nox acexpable, To then beter rel, subsete oleracea be 1% o "We conde iat for mic antennae fabaed low dc enw ta th il paramere cing the tooane equ ‘hefacon co "inant eg nd heer canierale cso tecsecna when ching For sabaesfigh perma, ck lamina 11 Gas the lac conta e the tel parameter, ad bene ‘Sendo oles lean itn rat the lobe wh. Hes atumed te AL = 0.003 cn The pean shane in socant eqn vlc eto akrace at sium compart of het red ad essed rake sd ‘may well scan forthe inc observed in may ec 45 Mechanical Tuning of Patch Antennas. Micsostpancons ain gene sarod ansenns, Duc icon innruncey suburse pce cleans and modo isco, the acca fgueny ofthe acon cin be iene rm he dig ase. A {TC taod openion of the ncn canbe eee fo ceri pic onw Tocefore ning of prc atena a x deed feqcoy 6) cf "The rooman quensy of 4 mcranpantana can be Ganga io umber of way Ths Ince case ating and leconic ening. Ta Prine any race ig ofthe pth enn wl ie ie 10 ange Tithe ronan fen. Some of th sna hat Rave bend ae ‘hac ino pot, oa, vate deter hk vate dies {lop eon, Ppos say and on ie rac 0 mechanical ig thet acon dide embed nth patch and opel ened of PIN Ud impeance an be al or eetronic aning oe eqns ago be fh snena, Eltron tning sd in Chaper 10. Arum! of Mangement fave Bon ioptl fr mechanic eaning of puch ate ‘Some af te coniguon ae shown in Fg 4.25 and described est {451 Mochascal Toning Using Stubs Frequency runing canbe accompli by vying the ng of = eed onal tannin Hie als atached ose anense Two ting sb frtioad onthe oposite rdaing edger of the pc ze wed Fie {Tosa The phe hen aetna tere manner by sematimong eter of th ub: Nato sabe low fe ing, whee wie be se ‘hl for large ing anes In sh etige, uno ony ple om Ser fury to higher fegucncy owing the deste nate of ‘eimming, A tning ange of about 1% an be achive by wing + ge Sub. Simulaneus nig of reson ofen and ona Fegueny ‘pole y singe ab (8. Tb bens the length ofthe arene {rcomine te roma fgucny andthe el pn determine he pat impeanc, andthe ne potion ofthe el pine wl be sed owed thesborened beh ben demons ha the wou preach ls the aahment of the input relecion coins of patch to las ean a db acs cgay tha within DOOSS of speiextons (38), Cosi sb runing was sal by Rice 39) 452 Mechanical Toning Based or Sharing Pots o Pins Revive oigina patch antenna ao beaded by measof mele st rps ee he patch mraz and round plane, Tes sovng fis preset an ndcance Theor hs peo ning seas te 0a Fegueny af te psc Ths technigu ms naa by Saberpre 25 Voi shen re meh Sig ftp oe Tg sgt Toca son i rom © 18 FEE yn ‘np Tong bso oat — — Ls awe | oe |= en in 1981 ands iat in Fgue 4.250) [40], The poss sled slong Uhelength of che pc atthe cee y = W/2. With evo poss aed ‘pret shou the plane x= 72, ning geo 8 bined ‘he spurton»bewee he poss tar beeen O abd Lee Figure 4.2) {40 Thera per ese we haved rer the unig angel. [A simple’ earsision line mode! without mata coupling beeen the ‘alin end wa ed by chabert espn the vning of he pa F-Series ot a ‘rman © KEE Ret win pron2 ening ng neces of 50% war ely acho by adding more poss. The model wis ened by Senta bor ein the change in oman een 2] 4453 Mechanical Ting Usog am Adjustable Ai Gap Figure 4.25( shows an aragement in nhc anand bw the sabre andthe ground plate [I]. Taping i achive n this cae by ‘asin the knee ayer The pipe cployed ey se to flow. The effecie dideieconsa ey for shit pach anc Funcom oft yer hae in addon vo er pach pros, Whee ‘he alco 8s changed mechani he ale fy ab canges sling ina new ronan eens. Araby: the bai of ths ante ‘Simove tease of he lower vals fey andthe nce tisha eto ‘he aional a jer. This ides was properly Dale and Lex 13) Thy ta eat experimen on cele patches and sls igh: The aa of the aviy model was eended wo tht mally config with pod ‘gzement Bee thoy and messed impedance vl (03). ws und "ha for the Tay sod sear pt ing age sou 20% Frequency and more tan twice in bai oud beached with the help o's mick sr er. The sone ting speach aso “pple o rectangle pach shape The bandwith of ean uch canbe neil by sing vaso, pps sch inte in sabe ck, deren in fem | Subse, extrion of more en one made. pac hang, impedance ‘matching, nd son. Thee wechnsucs ae dicased in Chaps), Bide ‘martian SP ae posite Leading ofa coi ancone o ee Sac and deci ating Gace i Chee 18 48 Quarter Wave Rectangular ich Antennas “The recaguls puch anenos daca fia hlénv ecg puch “The dere fied drain ude the pach ren by Eye!) wth ‘maimum dei lat oe of theft gs, onthe mide {cr £7), becoming mina gin tebe rading ee wih 180° Ps ee Since he ic el seo a the plane = £2, en etc tal an be ceed thee without dui the fl daribnn ane he puch: One ful of ths prck cn now be diced The pc wl be Fanuc athe design ancy as hla ectangr path tanga Fasc prety ofthis epee Fire 27) led gare pach {armor eae aoe © 0 tr oer ape ‘eminent they Bam tecase th pucton hemes the raining ge nd dhe lc maliaboat Dole Boca ths puch ray Ste ofthe awa patch charac can be easily dev fo thas ofthe half-wave patch. A quater Srnec canbe id ia shove appations where sas anes ae ‘ill ns derneion nos poaeon cartesian be oleate “Tie mao ilfeece we the lowe pth nd be user wave pas tha the quarer-wive pach tone outing ede compared 0 Fer the haléwerc prc, Tis pel difenc reponse for al he bien in aes race1. The E-plane pap of she quarernave patch becomes bower tease ty ec of two tdeing ee fora halve pth anne hee Als she hallengih nate athe path ger te {ce polar components the H pane. 2. The ndason condacnce Gof 3 uareraave pc i dew Inia for ng ae given by (27), dower ta for of about 2 compte teat aban foe (657) fr & Faave path. Theor, heads rence at esosnce wl ‘eur ae dines Numa leon bow et hi rae oer 23. The sod energy ins ques puch ec ne hl tha of dhe wave pach bce f ental Bld dsturion ve al Use of (46) forthe Q tor elation tows ca he bandh ibe quanerwave patch sur the meta of the ble fot Ag hs ening bas ee found be approximately ee reel Resonant resinaces and Q fico of quaernve and a hlemave puch te compared in ips 428 ad 428, spect (1) een a [Be raison tse fr the owe patches ee Amow ee ae or = | ica quaetorave pth ha sins ie the reac compared at of Shale pach fr e201 The Q fcr of a guarernve pach or 1 iam han ht he balls patch ring in ge bani Fos e,+ 2 ithe wo pte are alse he same ett an hero e fue bani. These comparisons show dat» quarernav pch with Crs ber ates compared 0 dae with >I 4461 Quan Wore Patch With Shorting Pins “The gromey of a gunrernave puch with a consinous see sho Shown Pe 427 [1 Meshal iplemeneaion of his ope of thor Se may eit long hob et te are materi eqiing 2 Inuhising eeraton- RE churros ean be end by wing 2 omter of prs er pied though ve ls conned bore she pach ‘eas the ground pliner shown in gure 2709 3. Hotes, ‘Bis appoch vest eal induce a the orang eg As ule pt lens sat be ated acon fo he pstingcane ‘The nomaled icone sac mith a ary of otng is geo byt p 108) seg Mirani ne ode el 685 Pew Prem Ree ah mio) Sealetes) em) C8] wm whe Sythe spartion bewen the pins of diameter 2 and Ag is he “oven te icc medium. Th five pin fhe sor cei ‘ihe ltd outward at datnce Ao the aa postin, nd gen & ae 690) seo 495) in (4.90) gesee a ne ent gy fh Mg eso (198 Perens eps wih ean) Sf -solieS) -omm() CEJ] aon “The fev patch length af he anna shown in Fgue 4.270) Lgeke teat on sere hat ben defo in (420. “The ado pers ofthe quacs-wae ach at bane flows or Eplne pars the Ey ptr fr he quae ve patch ean shri ft that ofthe alae ptch by mnt the fr om (438 or fon (1.29) Foran apart Ie ges £40) «jee S oe sncthghinsl) 8-0" 45m) asa Mune Ans » This paren i ney mnie in sar ce of singe ine source wid onant magic curent,The Ey comport i he ralinion farten theory ar ecco hc equal opi ced ing Fl slong he seo ee dou lng neh he patch. For Hpne putes the platon pane the ame at dha thse by (4) forthe lane cur or by (1298) fo an apertie But the ros plied Ey component not sto. This component aes fom the rng eric Kl dng the length of the puch and en y Bye) = Ee) 6 =90 100) whee Fi = snehy Win 02 ‘Ao, fo 40) om, E40) = Hori) b= 90" 1006) here Figs sinclhy Wind “Te computed iain pats fr the TM mode fo user nave atch ate cpt with mene in igure 30]. The eemen en wo be gn, 4452. Stcked Quer Wave Antenne Dialed bse antes hive bo deeapel by tacking 0 square elmer 64], Couplingbeowcen the antena gies © Ines of opereon a hece da Feqney behavior. Thisantent seid by postoning the shor cir slong damevily ponte pane in se fm of te lee , a shown in Fue 431s). Thee Bowen he 0 Frequencies can Be contol win she rage of 3 02 ‘hcnpihing fare in conigunion hh dion pene in dae wa bande diferent c lowe eucey the edo pater 1 ike + irc perm wots li he brie, de wo opposelyFre Gone of eee gure patra te et lS rene ‘a7 Ewen Fem © EE Rept wth wind ese Miri are m2 Airc creo the sm be of de antenna Ths rion ptr i shen e gure 32), However sabe upper quency, he aan fo the oo ler ds pt gies per dr in Pipe 43200) Tes posible ake impedance macht bth he eqn wing robe fe Sched quater-wave patches with sot cei slong the same plane are found be nl 3 bona antes Ti congestion, ced on dma pate 1h (ian pts ne ¢ pl 22 heanna i showin Figure 4.310) Impedance bands of 3096 but tr igh lv of coe plan Rave ben eine, References 1 pg a a se tin 11 He aay er tet FET arr aE 1 Seer tne comune ater wo eaten a en teen oy Reng ty usta ws acerca lye et ta Sheena terme et sputter et ns Soh rcp he on Fao ter ta ‘sbaioaaneesare ow Soa Te at ee ta on Peoptorra ge veto a yn 1 eet en ee Saree rst 1 Cee ms nace ie Hee met soeeetes nana eee oe Kae agit me emt 0 Seca tec om teapetonen teeny Bessa eos Soetoro Se aa er rer ‘hand Poppi Ve APS. A, ph A A. on 00 co a ba ‘sre nr sn Wal pcan Rau roe" HEE To patina rte eso Wn Some Tn Sian nO Tob SEN ihn it nh ie Sila ines a fee le i Ge RN ne See mes morte cairerhamenon Saati eels Saige pe hi chiccatieterr ttre sat Sram cabtteclgeeer teens are hereon atop Ben eae paramere ieee cme ine rae EE cc rn Gatien aban cameo teat feet aig separ otoennces ete fee gait Sopa carrer meen none SEE iy tana ean nt rere letter ttn eg re vee ot Doman tetitaneienrs eo cine bom neater!94 1 wn 1 wa ee ee nl el ye a a eee tres, carne at Manm na Fn iy in SSInU o annsaiom snc Cen ee Sar tose ines esha sony Tc Po ee! oa Maane "gc at re ee SR hte i unemi 5 Circular Disk and Ring Antennas 51 Introduction Circa ik apenas oer pefrmance sme tat ofthe carga somes diced in Chaper The cea ik tends to be sgh ‘lle an she ectanglr dk tn soe pplcons, wh tara ea {rome ofr ceain advange oer ter ong. Te cca dl ‘in be easly modified to proces rang af impeance vacation Potent and Sequences of Oprtion Varios pc of cela dante tie peseted in thi caper The nce mal bane salen, dei ‘fico ou ena prs ofp pence, dion pte, ‘ation tienes potato, ad deca coves “he cil anes for cao poaoton i maa in Caper {Loaded fr al ie anten ate dered in Chapter 10, xan of hee oa cer il ford equeny ad deal polation ae inde In Chae 10. The ali ig amen, ich a aration a the eae ‘kamen, x dius in der. Square ting antennas dence in Sesion 58, Cicer and anal ere te daca, 52 Analysis of a ‘The seule mizroecp dt amenna fas teen sed ene (1-16) Varios methods of ans bane ben appli the cca dk sen, incl the cay mal [5,6 mae ching with edge admin (3) ‘hegeverlited wana lne made (10-12) a itp eston proach UMTS hand FDTD [16 The coy mel mode mrhing whee ae ircular Disk Microstrip Antennaeae i ing tn a tance an gener ran. ine el ae diced eat. These odes traps thin saiates ely Bec he variation the Balog ‘he Mhovate dices aed to bevel A ery god review of ‘poddviekvie umes echnaqc with ence occ il aren ‘spel (171 1521, Cay Mode “Thetis dikanenngsomey shown in Figure. comin athin, conc ing scl dk on + ceric useate Ded by aground plane. Bese Ue Ay the edo aot ary along the = decton. These the lee Feld within th bao ae ony = component and he magnetic Bed ‘sel hal pad @cmponcnts The component te caret ona (othe ege of he micoip dak pouches wo atthe ee This pls “hata tangential compose ofthe agit eld ate eg Fhe ds ‘rihingy smal With he supine mc dan be modded apna avy, bounded st tp and tem by dees wall ad o0 {ilge bya mgr wall, Ths the eld withn the dle regio of he icmp vin contepondingtoTMyq moder en be detemied by song, the wane eguntion fr ai Fills and Currents Wah no extn cen the wave equation fr the eee eld cm be AE 20 be 2eVe ty ou Pe awe Canavan or at lear tame The dei fel in he avi os sy the shoe wae eatin and he magnet wl body condition The soln oft wae suo in ‘finda edna Ea = Bahl cn 62 wh ap) ate Bel anton fonder. Bea has oly component Taide age eld component become iis her te pine sign dens dentition with eect 0 Ap the agen “The aha eld comgonct ase ine heey. ta Fe2Head 63) “The magne ld boundary codon athe wal ee a He )-0 60 ‘An eae way of exposing the mages wall boundary condion isin ems of the tanner ate the edge of he ke The magne Feld ine the ctype a oh nce cri caren ad the ces fn thine sc the car dik cap be eee fom Jani = pit dn, 67 whee and dbase unit ein inthe pad eon, expec AL he ‘lg ofthe di he ce arent mst vis ha dio ore ithe ais ofthe dike There Hapa) 6» Hilda) 0 69) “Thus foreach me config, sade an be found dha es Jnarsamance come the tear abe deaf he eslFor cample, if yt the mh sto of ls) the romance occu when Be fgg FOr 2m 2.3.01. Tha eonshp a be wed tedeminete rds oe dk forage onan requene. Alene For fed vase of isc wl ge the resonance eguency. A ow ofthe Tower order mode alte in Table 5.1 ceding od of Yo as From he ale of fe fo the ats nese Tale 5.1) ines hat the mae coresponing 0 n= m= 1 bathe miu eo reonace Frequency. ani krown he domiane mode. The ek nd wie caret compones fr ths made cn be found from (3.2)-157), These ae Fao on = GA pFolitiobings an) the Eeltiows xn The els nd suice cues foie vations modes shown a Fue 5.2 onan [8 Aadation Flos The radio kof dk acne cam be deve the fom the E, eld tro the spenare betwen the dak sd che greed plane p= ag ‘Sector dete potent) rom the elect on te sie of the dk “andacorlmploing vector mage poeta. The sec ate caren $pponch decried in Chaper I. We ue the ape fi approach ere enue of i sinpliiy. The magnetic caret uae of pera slecieBl piven MB xp Fb dS illpleond as psash 619 enon oo os ow om ow | conan a wp ate ‘The wf sail een ofthe magnetic ten aad 1 be eg to the atte ck became of the epanenal deny of the dec Fd oe p> oe Sect 21, The ago erent ditribaon aund the gets in gre 5.3 frome af the modes. "The vector dic penal canbe cane intgating the equalet ages caren over he ape and he fli phen eorinates ‘inchen be fan fo thi poten ee Sein). Frm 1-37) in Chae fusio sri cxliteprindeold’ ~ Sedo” (688= ts ly at nr i on ig tr 2 Se ts taped at 0 cvpninb ete’ dap $8 } sn epee compe cb en a re ee La ee ee # Sebel ee cee abide Remeber corsa fot t= a 160" Tea a crite’ = ay () thoy hater Joen te srentanent = sang neti ee eee wate nee es 4. af fin orate 0 eplihypsin deo = #edpd ‘sa where V = BE Jlaq) a i row he ge volge at 6 « 0 Sina. The iepaion wet fn ei the lowing andl teyation|fovea (8-8 exp jtyasindomid 8146" inn Zatti) jr" inns aitntind) a8) The shore radiation el erpreaion do sine he eft of ebte td the ground plane Sule coretan Fico at inde acon fo ‘hoe eer As dined in Seton (3. the Eline don fl shold Deki by (0), and he plan Bly (hat |. i242 Bye yg tO ug. B40) 29 ‘Taesinple pprosimaton wo F(0) and F(a ipso or of Reson: Frequency ‘The rena fsqueny of dk antenna oth TMyg made cn be red fom the hse elton Yan = brad dtd in (1). Ths fate oan hr Yon the mh ef) an ei he welch in ie pace Dr efletire aiae becn nrouce in (5.21) ao Fr the ie fel aloag the ege of th eznator Fo the TMy mae of ted ih tem weged cha 2 6) sroafts Zl kf-1rra)} oz “This expreion pedis thers with an eo of les shan 25% for sth 25 1. Egon (52) eas dag ude or deeming he aia the die A numer of mafia of (5.22) have ben ype For ‘bik sabe one sy we (70 Fels Ect by tha Feed Source Coser cick ofa eng ccd by 2 coma fd oat 2 (Gos 2) Aes in ge 5, sich ed ca be mode by unm | en bono fev angular mth 28 centered sour the fed 3 ore tar Fanon eae 623) whee { rdedewed oof Toke om ewe can ie tw i tt © Fm“The wae equation i the psec of = cen sure fi PEE spond ED, cree 525) As be j and ae sme to hae ompoaen aly ad no = savas Thin, 620) Phas, (5.25) becomes Vie, + BE, «jl 2 jamal an “Tome the shove qin, we expand Foe the sigefutions fhe avis hat Ex LE Aathnles 628) he Yass the wate eon and boundary condos (Fs Rela, (5.29) 2 a ‘The mode coos Ayg of (28) ae decried by sbwiaig (628) nwo (27) and mainte ofthe onogonley proper of ox ink Dik ad ig nt » hs the nego tat ve the tex cand by the magi all 1 he evi One oss Ay sous ts 20, met co) an joe boat 22, nd 38) Fe Tibiwal Ha) 4a ethene w/the) Fab 380 wiht hg i ine ia Table 5.1. Frm (528) and (5.3) te exreson fr (Boel ld can be won 8 24 § 28hlbaapod hls eet” Bea Jhon ~ Hn) 1" 4sin(wD ftom Jal ncant} fr = Haat” = 1 = jal 30 Input npedance Ings mpedance of che antenna ca be eine Za = Valle 639) hr iit the RE olga the nd poi ad iced from the see Sls that Varta x0 tarp rirwous En Ty LY Aaaleatoas0) J osm 638)He sCO ETT Aletha) — 639 “The ed cues it byes (540) “The npr impolins secre, becomes sow LE Amlaraonicnriand A any ile an 2 yrilbocol A) 25 § (indy Haun) te HEE CS) its oa} “Te ae of Zi clei fom (42), il be pry eine ithe serena. nthe catty od, the efi of arouses nthe | didn on condscror ly nd daa lo ncaa by lampig fhe lower inthe lor angen ofthe dade. Fr eis an ete ls fen i ined b= Or 649 ‘A re ofthis dling he eam # in (542) for 92 xs replaced by 0 Bl abd fr = O ers sel y HL 70), ‘where Bi he ow anges ofthe share we Te ilenaon beeen thew = Oand n> I mes nts brcnwe wt nest normaly ed fr ‘alaion, Therore (542) odie 1 fia 2a ejemplo Hid . rah — 78) 2 eeiacei j= Rel 255 (23) Alaa ie | het Talat) WU = 7B) = Keg? — 07) oa Anespreion or 8a obtain in Chg 2, (231: Equation (4) ‘ident ota oan a [19] The shove sas ca be ener Fr ‘ary Sed pin (po, dh) wl a fora micspRe. Fr probe fe ose a (iy, 8) Becomes Sittompo) Pap Raia wR HiG) ital a ts oa) However, when mses at cil out othe apa impedance on cer dl stems the mec rau coresponde to By = ese ‘here iso peed sas inthe cer geome In eomparsan to the ‘tng gomety. Thr the mess inp vance says a trum forth eel antenna ules designed otherwse ee Scion 3.3.9 “The inp ipsance Neha a cle miro kava ba ‘een ced ya numero authors Campari brea te computed ad retard inp impedance a» caved clr dk m2 incon of Frequency Sr dee dies rai fed cations edo i Fig 5.3 ‘he Thy ede (20) The VSWR » eae shown in hi gare. The spent Fund 9 be god. lesen et he locas apt peace ‘tak eucney ce» con the Sith hare. The eter of tice es Inthe ape a ofthe hare However, the impedance ls fo resnane ‘ioe shuld te 4 sme cicle sho the X= Oa The si of he “ter ofthe ct ed the seri fd ndcance, which can Be read From the Smith chart Furs, he impedance ics rien: ed ceo snc ecen to hae dine shite fom the X= aie meaning that the fed inctance i function ofthe fed can. Ke sho obsete fom eit Fue tha he pu resicance a reornce incense fo ester the ‘lg ofthe dT eae tha oul o achive +50) rstince by ‘Sting + progr fed locaton. To ermine hs psiian accu he Corn of int resitance i plated 4 fancion of dal fd acon “Ths shown in Figure 5 (20) The ler of abate om he ipa ingeance showin Fgue 57 (2. 522 Mode Ma 9 With Ege Adriane The romeey of deer micros dik el bya probe ap = py sown in igre 58 the ode eatching th ge aetiance apc [7 heado _ iaeghaS tilt «Cine — 66 Fs Bett) + Coe ne (5.46) eee ee Ae oes - gE aston» roa ASE aiend =f, 46) siete dad cee = reel a Seal caer pe Le istein os Aang 4 tan ‘Fire 58 Crcular dst microstrip antenna with consis fed at p= py. from (7. © 1979 act Te Rp in prison Hai Mallon Ha Fagg Seiten td, gon TL (> en. Fer Stalled + Catalans aaa «Cotati iond 6450) 450) 646) (505) (530) We now expand ihe sighand sie of 3.50) na Foe cine wee. “Thi yi jal Baila) « Co¥hoad = Aadebon 6 ea = loo a where 69 Ind ey =O for > (0) The aitance boundary condion a p = #8 tid crag Holt. 8) = In ale 8)plfahthe) + Cob 63 apt) + Ca¥ hn ladle Here yi the our adoitance rd he neptive sg on he igh and {hee o make he rea pat of Ju ose “Costas dy. By ad of 43) and (546) ate oui by sing (6547), (830, (352), One oraas Felltral eh «nym ~ DaYalb 5, 350 eee Va 7 = Fate apt) «mitt (539 wns eae tes) 65% tere 202i Lib) + riyadlbe) Boundary Admitance “The boundary aizanse yy =f be ete mh ode ie reat he fnew though he dil sarc ofthe dik p= 21s ge by i Uf fpatatentesn rem, 60m 8 Jortatene-r oe hes Pi ihe poner ean Ws dhe energy aed in se ng Ts. Ps beso by nego the Png vector one ages: From 6:19) nd (5.0), the flowing elation ic brine 6: nf Rigg Aen = Jute tBvinade torn L in 4 Foshan 635) “ forme 1, -Hetintbobos = a Jiltesin0) Sinthabest st ibowind) “The quanicy Wy is ic 0 detcrmine scary. However, the cq ban Bebe fos the elie eis of the ie I tren 650 ba Nee hese w = band ng» 1205. Input npadance “The inp mpelace for he dk ance may be defined illws 3 Fe = We) fea and Pr = Py + a Pach of hese gusts hs ben define in Caper Fasuming ta he n= 1d domi the above quince be ‘hale in ve ms ve -Aishttoo 639= Mo ao Frm (54h, rab|Byfithe) + CY thelPen, “The condor ln and the time merge sored magne eng at raed by 036 2a Water “The disc ls and Unesveged ore lori ney a ret 235) 39) Pea 20nd (500) tere ea UF hb FG bn seit ern : Be ee) ve BA fel) bat sree saves sheet + aecab uate «fs esate bans Ligne in which {Tg means (4) ~ FU, ois the conductive of the dik metalna- hn and in i the tangent of he oe Shen 7 ba compa hori et wih che meeren othe inpucimpedance The apeemens fund ee ep tat the her als of np esiane a lomer han the mene vale Ths ed the ate of ation conductance ony and dow not inde the eer ‘bse os: Uns of hisapproach at een improved by Bhacchanya 19] binding the eect of abate pares andthe consibson of ‘en dee aren inthe apres, 523 Goneratizd Transmission Line Medel for Crt Disk ‘The peeled cansmision line model ha ben wed wo ase ela lik senna (10-12) The deals of tesa ae sce tose ie in| 101 fr ee anna ving snenna ad re ncaa in Append 2th ‘model the nein opin ofthe di sod in he fa ot sets °F (nonuniform) ral tansmision line. The eanimiion line ele Sic of the dik is shown in Fgue 531) In thr Figure she repon >> ons een by a eto fra ine. The eo p= of hit ine fended by an admit de othe creel ning ape of Indus 2 The ther end is conned to he exon uc The pon py ofthe dk is dered by anther sion of adil le. Th edo = Dissbored bec the sti el et re ‘The arf the i iar forthe Ty ode he esi line mode with single nder Here sande fr the aga een. In (he cavity med ofthe di amen he ld ded by dbl ner “TM mode the index ng aed with the ignated Scion. The single ner eam ie mode ue the am of double der arty mode, samme one the sc inden tha iy ‘TMg= E:TMyq Thar, the ara forthe TM made akin scout thet ofl eaviy mode! TMyg with m= 1,2, 3.» The casei bf the neon fo» parce ety me tb obi by ena he ‘arctic of the ranemiion line ma Inthe neerkend fe cy tod ronan eqey. “The tmumison ln being io the p det, the mods vole and cet forthe TMy mode dened in Aperi 2 se gen at Ve Bale 8) a0) for 9 oy A he for p> pv 6a “The il in the ro eons p < py nd > oy ae expe a in (645) ant (46). The boundary codon sp = p sea theme, G4) td (3). Hower, by vite of the eins of mal vlog nd dal flmene given above, de Boundy condo se p=, in th mol ‘feedgi a sill 8) «pant 8) 60) The expesion fo J it te same et ear in Seton 5.22 Ness ie tansmiion ine vron sepeeting the m0 egos ae rele bythe onto dhe aes in beng noni FE, The equaloe ct fo th nin ine mes thn comes Shown iu 5). Nemo thoy now wed 0 determing $08. In gcin ms of the elt quanto. For ene oo) Patlst0o. 9) | too Jeon) Foals 6)” Jom Jello) ce) “The input impolanse of the dk te deinen pend 24 and gents 665) Ey, {a +g i 1 : saved 66 ie: [ieee whe y= Land 6 #1 69>. ‘put impel of cr dk nenma sien in (9,12 53 Design Considerations for Circular Disk Antennas 1521. Substate Selection and Disk Radas The consideaions othe ce of abut for he caer dk ane the same as tow for dh ean ik aed Seon 4.3.1 THEurate ed should have lw ie conntane for higher adiation ene, {ed hither subtest pean bane The dk mevtnaon rai termine by the nance onion (69), hain Jigeser) = OF he lowen onder mage, = andthe Bis soot of Jf) ozs 3 1841 Ths, yar» 1841 6a) a (6a) De the ging fs he psp ofthe dk condor, die sid pyle «ham ine rar sucht > Theo (Sis) shold bedi =| “bee, ‘The emienitial laionshipbewern y andt gien by (6.22. The fictive ad cn ao be eimae fom the disk cpasance gen By 22 60) c.f « BE fin(G) «caters 177 «oats» 105] = 6.70) is oma anal e Befo(G) este 12 Haase r03]] 67 For the design ofthe amen the dsied vale of 2 he opening oueny ft obsned From (5.6) tat 1st 6794 aoe BL Eon (fin Git 7 nee fe (Fe ie Cen Dik on ig Ana na ‘The tetioesip of (3.71) bereen andi nw cl aban she ‘equiva of efor ager Bye df Ths eel nee fw leat. The stig ile or the hero can be chen at given by (672). The dl radue 4+ Fron of ronan feat fo aes ff nd the irene values of hi plowed in Fig 3.0 18. Nowe hat the eer ofsbte thiknes isinsgiane fr fencer es than 26H The dle fr hegre dn he mid ot id j : Seq 2 ese FSi Ri oft sn a cn tay a on dic ‘bts on © 1 Ach Hoe Red an prion)522 Raiation Pators avs mathematical ode eben sage or greiing he xan htacerats of cto dle mirowep ior. The ffl expresins “Shae! for the avy noel te simple snd aes for praia upon. The caso par canbe pled by swing (8.17) ad (18) For the dminane TN, mode thee pesion ede = an yey cnsitbeind) 828) 6 The E and plane raison pater: fr car dk cements 2 2H ind 2 22 and 2 98 oe pled in Figur 3.108) and ‘pes (08) the Elan panera flrs dk on igh ici constant taste such a almina smo constant ith Besmaiat Bani fr the alin Fld components can be measured frm the ladon paver The db bea ce abet hicks a ped Tepe 312 fr dee tal af sbae dlecte conan (14h I ecg te th she i or Ey decrees fore, > 1s wh i Inucnes be ene tas Be ced. Tht phenomenon might be 2 Cet shih incense aye byte sie wives fr €,> ‘asited Power and Radiation Resstnce “The portal by a antenna cae obi nering ee rp te Pong ett oer Hoge above the dik thats an The expesions 5.79) and (574) for Epand Fg, eps ae we in (673) Tse expan se ef complicated Tucan of Band. Tere ac sume teen sperma However fhe lt 9 subarae (Biase negevensis form as be ued ar Py BY wine sats eapanann lth prac of Bouts nctons one obits thes me 8p 86) aS Rtn sonst enti dk sur te Ty mo aE fw miss" 01 pie snd) Epon = oH pone ro fra © fen Hn apn wh parm) EELS Bae, Ytgayt e Ewe E TE Su? ua] 070 Then ain conde Gf dl oan cp an be evened fom oe tel foe Leah? - ke.v om 2-6, 79aviation of ration stance wih soonantfgueny i pled in gue 519 [I ese tory ery sw with quency. br he sabe lec conan ae age eet Direct ana ain The deci mec of te don properieof an anenna compared to hose ofan top anten, The dey ays eae than Tine {hoop redo nt dsl The deci defined the eo ‘hike minum power density i he in bam icin #0 the Nee India power deny snd canbe eprned 6 ratte Eaten 3h (Ba Ea ine Baw Pie irik on ig te 6 sz00 wad Sooo g —— ria ers z Foie Soe 3 TIT Gos! oes 3 z aaa oe aa atta aa aa O10 Freouener on us tae om 8) © 90 te se Ps th ere Py isthe eine power, o = 1200, ad the anon Fils wee Userminl arin Seton 5.32 The deci son easy ‘Spel in Figwe 514 (8) Acer dak antenna on alumina bare Ihe trv sbot 33 ics indcpenen of abet hs for b £01275 cm and reonantfogeny, Ona berate with = 232, the cer disk amenaa bara msnimum diectvty of about 53, whih ‘Resa wich inceing rena enya ec cess: The in| Gof an ancora deed Coed oan)4 ]..— 34 pee oct vr sri equ fh Ty meet aa ak {ro oe © 0 ees ae, apne ah xm nr i the rion icc af he aca. Gain is nas es han Tks bse es in he ange Dor f Udon +c efibesinonina nade 80 Ao @ isan sing (89 ao 589) 47 sh 2otbn? = sold) 5.0 TutbsFh ‘ From eins (8, (2) 0 (588, one oi 4 1 AnatteohJ" r= [anes et . he re) Ore [me Tae sae) Ista ban sme in the deri af (5.9) ea se wave asi eal here (456 an (3.83) can be ted cee Quand 3.9) Padi The Q aor pel i Fyge 5.17 fora Opi 18) st of pees Fore,» 232 and f= 500 Me he ay rds ith inten ane equ and ube ches nr is a ing A os —rimo'sia ors bree ea etia 29 40" 78100 rreaueney (Gre “The Qo dis ae ed slog withthe telion (4.57) wo eaelate the VSWR 3 andi Th pled in Figure 518 [8 Tis Bre ‘hows thar aa ana exnant Rueny Umer bandh is poe ty hoon + ker sabato lower dle constant mater. THs ‘to nro hae a rec ach S34 Radiation Eicioney Raiaton eiieny dfn the of the rade poner to the apa power 0 Toa Ros Pas Pas veFe $i Veson Wh = 2 tan wh ean guy 8 My ‘ode rom 8 © 18 es ae. ape wh pumas Radin eticeney scaled wing his dein ad poted Fig 519 forthe TM, mode (23, St tt of «rectangle, the efiegy of «ctr dence with cen bet hn td denn dle oon, 535. Food Point Location ‘Aecseling he dai ors yen hort ene tk determine the fed pn (iy) ch tha tee 2 god mach been the ines Impedance of the dak and he gneror impedance Because thee 00 peel ai fora cur dk the ais ping hough the fed pin an Fela a y= 0. Now the le ff ea be sec tty the pet Impedance of the arena, "Note fom (5.45) she he vartin ofthe input impince with ed loco i gvered by ap) fr m= 1 Vataion of wih al ed Iocan ped in ire 6 forthe TM me, a ci arin i onsen withthe vation of (yp). Bae on tbe abseratins. he Input restance forthe TM ode can be expend Figen 518 fain ese er maomet en te My mt oar at wan 205 05810 8m ne 22, {atm ro 5 91 Par Pu Pp wh pemesond AMEE ayes saris 6a Flbys) ‘The ation ssitance died in (5:78) Eguton (91) i wed ‘odeemioe ned lotion for desing raianc aloe Deere ‘Sonal te erac el loerton reenter ain (483 Eguton (G1) grove» ll guideline fo thi parpone.Thi proach wel or 1 prabe a ich can be lcd inside he dk Mico howe, ‘Gn be lasted athe pcphry only Alo soul be xt nthe oan ine fk Ie poaibie a bie micosip i with 50 input impale or ht pro tu cosder (S440), coding oti expen he input implins can be ved by vayng by al. We can deine a reece Fan fr by by imolacing a thoes ny pin on te piper f he clr de Since the dtc fill Fe eat heen f shor the ocepuing veo @ 90° pe.) Now hae the erence a fo1 ha ee dfn, we cap deri the vale of the ed cation (Oy hich wl give teto Sh ipa setae coring (40 The peda Ter cling i exc sil oa wa for Bing po Ge (3.90 ‘bn scontve spp bt ben lowed in (3, 32) Be lt et ined Apt doen ade by ain sp. These odifeon’ thoy the ctr ymery the dk od ely abs peed ‘The madied geen afte ear dk shown in Be 5:20. The impedance bod sd alin hase found be ated tikes modification, Impedance the edge of the dak cn be lowered by vst ang he dak. This aprons lowed in (3) 536 Polaieaton “The polation ofa iar dk coment set ai the ee for = tesla pc ase ane bandwith ik acapae may ao open inale ener mad. The aon paren a politi rte des ‘maybe if fr the dominant me Ano sors os plrion Could be the ints fhe ere nd ground plan. Ths ben oie tr tha the ample of exctaon of aonromat hight ode modes cn We inenel by the ie sae (27) For camgle, for «= O18064, Fav Scents Seyam a mst cee en mo (rom Bo cranes ta, ape wah armas 4h 0024, = 232, py = 054g and 4 pound plane se of 4p, the ‘owls ee! do onsen igh fdr moder wa mae tan “a0 (27). Fre dominat made, he repletion led depends on ‘ef positon arate, sisi permenant ee. ‘nd the plane (34). The crs component 0 in the E ple (Geo 00 Inthe H plane (6 90°) theca componente isimar ine bone destin pe ou nthe ic cso. Aron fhe csepolatninn lve inthe H plane wih socmance fqoecy thd fed lcason aa parame shown ia Figue 5.21). Note tht he cs olson evel ines he point eas he eter ofthe pach Alo. {Re cn-polacaton lee! s igh fr highs fequenie A varixon fe fir fe A Figee2 Yt pl 4 cin mae Strole! ocr [M) ate ho i8 mm e282 6297 [nao apa «mon of rat gay ‘ro wh eines 80 = 22 = oe ‘Da Honan Rse ih prionSeg en pee te crosplzation kd with bre sickness plowed in Figure 5.210) fer eye 22 (4) Ticker vbetes ge reo higher cospolazaton, ‘Alo. hghr vcs fe ge et ihe les of ros plrarion (34) Ger paation om 2 clr di can be obtained by exiting eerste togonal mds ih sige of qual ample but 9° phe {Lcace A Iid canbe url to cba the proper ampliade and hae tlsonsip bemeen the two sgl Thi ope bcs in dealin Chaper 5.37. Gieuar Disk Antenna With an Air Gap “The eto of circa iri ancora With an se pp shown in gure 522. Th anes employe ana ae ofthis beeen the Alle end rand plane The a gap hte fo lowering (he ciltie pein of the Sk oto, rein ia an upward es woot | i aad ‘que 522 Cus ato of» ered dk tea ha 6. om 80 HE ‘hereon quency andthe nce in bandh, The ean egney ‘i href ete by adj he app tse and gen by BST ae Beale 9) hte i the ten elie pei ofthe word avi en z es) 99 ead sd aenafts Bho sir)” —— 690 Note htt eecive peri ba ben wn (594) Anas of ‘he anna wih an gap bs Fen ede sgt ety land ‘he ree fr inp inpelance compared with meutemen 35 38 ects of Dialectic Cover or Seperate 1 cosip anton can he sbjated ro icng or be conte wth pain or Aller mer fx cvitonment potion. Ths caver afl permets te thd own, ope te nan gy lowered casing soning poems snd cry daring peormance. whi Sorte veo beat the bandh of thor senna inbere ow. ‘Arena un nce suerte ith lien Niche es shed (his dann Chair "Wher mist dks covered by 4 di sh le pt sm) ite pei sch. lsive lec enatane, one apd tr, ‘tn Teele elec costar changes moe than er ce. ‘Thetnount of change depict on he ines a eave pei crupenene The prope of isconfigurion he bs ted wing the mode matching cng Numer rout shaw dat the dred fvcrandnirice ve pores decreed othe psec of thn didi Ener DL Howes by pope ching cept pune a ipl ‘lnm in pian rune and fieey can beached halng thc ostsnadeunblepar ftheamenna well sa prteine ire 529 RES of x Cirulr Dik Artonna “The kar co eon RCS) icine can meas mach igen eps apo whce RCS coal dil ‘Rectal pine me ee CS Sth i be mq a wie fqn sgh gh tn Shaders fed uch ston ie Avil Enemas a tsa Sv oh pe ing ot mf RS m= er Bs os) whe Eis he @-plid scat Bl fom the sk ina inion Tos or te plas fl Te ana for RCS aed onthe edt Fe and the sled ld sisting the vious boundary condor and inicio. RCS ais of ear i antenns has ben reported bymanyinignors 3-1), These pas ae Danone quan {pronh slog wih 2 omen tho slton. Clete and ested Reso sca we shown in Fgue 523 (40) I ese om Ise hu RCS approach spk talc the roma Fegan Gear ing = ‘Abed ta. [48] Computed — (Abecectal fa) Moasures Wena & eu [4] Compe +++ 0 © oH) (ecytimm he 0 e228 web OBI = 6 a 16 Ewcramapes Reed wl permis 5.210 Computer Aided Design “Te design formation penta eae can be ind in CAD poche “Teatro eps in the design proses xu consider he ds ease miro neon for whic the use deci cova Bs east sce. concaon or te seton of bate gen SE SRGe and Append A The pot ais ads chickens acto bedacmined or dived onan feu fond tnd B Farber the fed beatin go 0 Be dtrrinel for a 308 pt impea, "Sign ware nih deeninan of berate hikes bse hisputant ong ihe inure the bandh conse. Egutions SSE 20 Be ued ele the valor fb To implemen (88), BE a a or prado «nets oe seed, One can we (5.68) [Ei fee becte th subsrte crea a minr elt one pth Hane Feed ab deed met fom (71) ning he clei INESa Rene ep tw demise te ed oaton po. The val of Jonge by 5.9 Te ator este Ry canbe determi om ERS Sat Howes hoe eqns se vad fore = 1 For beter ee S99 and (5.20) ae wd in (5.75) at egal eile SSRI. Knowing te vate of. he Fed point cele rom 530), aie [Ra jyc..94ni) ssi Bijan osu Jbk = Af GE leeThe above equation canngt be inert deemine py For thi, ane can we the Newton Raph pptuch: An inl pus ff) en Be hen 05x, and sere Afbe) ‘The priinary deign ofthe pc anions i now compl, The Alig sold nom be aed Fr she esa ute ipa neds ed law Fo hi we sould elt the inp eigen farcon of feueny. Todo, we we the cvity mode The or ofthe equ Tow tangent Bp ned vocal the pat impedance of (4) We row dat Sg" UQy. New, Qi deem Although the we fr ‘abe dened fom he dared VSWR indwith nd (4.7) sagen "at (4.60) (8.8), (542), (583), 5.87), and, determin exer, be cd Farber acrcyin Q The npr impesncs now compute rs ention of equncy neat he dagn Feqaency Four vlc f snd exch hold ‘be slice to compute Z- The compared vais of nan goes ing esc. and bends ate deerme fom the dtl tse Uhl hat the compel vals ze sgh iene om the dog ie ‘This is det the apposite ratire af the deg equations and ee shecterof ed restance on ronan eguency incl in she dig, Pref acne cine ltl (2) aed othe eed | ‘ape impedance value The patch ra anf loco py me saw ‘ted ity tae tan sae dein Fo thse Nemo Rapavon Proce can bee Des fh pracor forthe cng uch wee {renin Son 43.12. This precede can ey dad forthe to ‘ike “The CAD apronch proce above does morbid sary of « fave aan bu tl fr parame sais f te characte | * cele mictstp snes Ie analy be ed fo ison paren ‘sia sfwae package eal i (12, ‘Sector Microstrip Tecan be advnapeur in some apliton hse pee a2 premium co elo acca sear dk nena. Wh thi in ind, ed depo ‘hs antenna ince bee "The melon Fra ems dk nen i shown in Fig 524 “The caviy model anasto the dk antenna can been ape fr pret Grony of esc at one scmiccr dk cx. For this purpose only on obsensin i enough ha [ihe dinusn in dik sen of Pure 51 semaine wnchaged FF Sven wall ered along the abe Theor he den 3 ‘rire dk aena wih a mages wal ty = On Fg 5.24 i be ‘Scie chc of dik enn Tose a (5,43) ve aad the emia dik ates sing the ‘vey del The ey bounded above and bow by ceri wal ‘ound log the perp by 2 mage walla excita a soe slong theres The eran caret eed 1 J+ adp 6p. 590) . Bcc the ed tition nthe emir dik dive from she comping cea dk he entuncions the gles al eee the rocnan Feeney fr vis TMog meds i the seis dik ste he ‘ares ha forte conespning mode incu sk However, bese i diferencia the xan mgd wil be dene The cee Tin hi ce an bwin a (18, 43) Mid=0), § 2d Aflboaps) bans) Fes iowol PES? SD a (TSE Stent ay 699 1 oF ities = /Egne)where = 2. The moti crent dition sound he periphery ftke scams deci! a low or @ =O und 0-5 pS ©), $ d= eb) thon?) a, § = oomen Heo.) = s2ymalf Oa + See a0 “EE tite) bebe rindospse: Hie. 9 = ca" 9.0 99) and fn p= aand 0 be 2h he 5p Teh gst He) § § Flaten cnn Pa a aT Mt donal G2 $i whe Foe Hd AathoeP ae Dae = a Kig~ WE bt) fet tlt ‘The magni cent dribwion fo svt oder seched in Fig 4.25, Thoe cen datuttons a a be obsne For she comesporeing ‘rode in Fg 5.3. Radation para ft vemicclard ith as T0675 cmon a abst wih y= 263, d= DO, and > an She poe i Fg 5.26 forthe FM and TM, mode 3} Comparison ‘wi he radaion pes oe the coesponlig mode inthe dia ik ‘Rowe ha the wo patron ate Kensal forte drinant made. Hower, ‘Ber cone fence forthe TM mode Pepe due the ‘cent on te xan of the semicclrdle Int impedance anon Fer is anna shown In Figere 527. “Aalst of ctor age ca be aid out ithe sane manent], Howe sich a antenna ny toe any avant irik nd ing Ar 2 a . a. Qa “The cigefunton fr scar sete mica antenna te gen 5 waa Yme=Lbmploord, e=nmia 5.109) Sills = 0 (6.100) “Thegeernd anion in mel ey ao been we fo teams of sic seo crop aca (4). Th anal enor gros and ‘Shims the pase fh apes Bsc which npr | pes|e CP Faw Rtn taro TM an Thy moe of ured oa (My oe, pe Thy mae = 9 He Thymes pen Ty mode, 6 9 om © 19 EEE 55 Comparison of Rectangular and Circular Disk Microstrip ‘Antennas “The dosgn of rectngilran cst atnnas hs bee discs in Chapters sd 5 expen, I naracive to compar the porn these sna hgh an ample ‘Asute an opening Fequcny of GH ad she sbsate panes a:b 0159 im er 232 The phil dierins of be ecg game ty we mlned tobe WS cy [= 485 cm, and for the esa dik (2 278 em, Table 52 surmise forth So arena ius. ‘As can be ee fom Tale 52, the cc dk nena has smaller team inh ns than does the sang anenae. Te ey td een edhe te for bh antenna. The Bandi charcerc er Dike Ring Amn, iy ad | Fi2 nwt os a ilbabe ae ESS, 2, oe | Feet Siar ae is beer fr she ectangulr grey. The phys ars ofthe recangulie Confuse oe than theo the cle de 55 Circular for Annular Ring Microstrip Antennas Ring miciosip antenna of vaso sap uch 8 cing gate nd anu ve en sb arate 9 sanded ange ‘Slr dk Thc annonce nd elec an ered ‘Sofiguaon brmen spits hop and 4 puch (4) Sever interesting Propet aud withing tena The geomet = pte uae Toop ene ing and gure mx puch ate shown in Figure 328 The Save onan sing banal ale ha hat of he cotsponig puch aod depends onthe with of be micron wed In gre the mes Ersumfsnce of ving eget gue wavelength ofthe mos ted Input impedance o's ing peed in he TA mode is consi igh, sre ipedans bea ses, n compan with he pth. Jot sup wht pnts he character ong approach tha of ‘hepa Tein inganena an en ded nd ud mow eget “The dn ofthe design of es anenn are ge oe “Fe clr ing sen ats puto ears The sepuation of rsonne mod canbe could by the ato of utes o nner el, The Impedance bandwidth aotenna, when peu ne TN moe, Found be sever ie ge than abe with eer ace ough tthe com of ler sie pone to combine te alr sing wih Sows st de frm orp and atenes [7] The ico Shp sng suc hs een td 0 ene te dec costan ofthe sq ro, anb up ice anes, Ge US © Rapin wit jemandhr is on ig Ass —_ * subst mate) and props a «rar for mei spin 149) eb bee shown thre scr «pod ena ihre lie ‘ton for TMye modes (wo nd ond ator or TM de (een (50.31 “The cial ing bus been arly excl xing te caviy mode 108, 25,47, 32} geez ansminos ne mol [1], anal in the Four Hake usr domi 83}.and che mahod of match ype ‘Spunsin (30). The caviy model aaa, ich found to be spe and ‘el ine design forthe svc, preed ee 18, 25,52 58 1551. Fields and Carents Consider + calving micronsp antenna withthe connate stm a shown in Fig 5.29. compris ingshsped condor anon ee of Silene arse with round plane on the hrs The cavity model of bering aban by replacing pephrs with gnc wal, Benue ‘here rn varinn of the el lng thes dito er thin sabes, the ‘ode we deg st TMyq oes allowing te posed penn Secon 5.21 focal dk anisan, the peed vlson forthe wave equation (1) nena onda ‘Bren 18, 48,55 Bg Fal Ubi) ~ Ilha Yelbpiaond 6100) ! > senior rind Pane Fire S29 Grony tc rg mre aes ty be a LE 6.102) er Je) and Ys) ate the Bene anton ofthe Fiat nd snd ind, {nd of edt m, epecivey. The ecber Bld components ate eine the ‘vi, The sree caret an the lower tae fing retin gies i Joe <-bty «py 109 Jo EB bprrlbe ~ fled ¥binme — 6.10%) BE usta -stvoond—@084 ‘Thera componen ofthe sutie caret mut vai log te eee sn paaand p= bro att the magne wal Boundary coditone, Tht ieee IMe=b)=Higl= 6-0 6105) Agflation ofthis hound contin led tthe wel known chars Ine eanon forthe renant mode ebb) ~ YC) = 0 (6.106) For he given ves of by and nthe gun vied andthe roe of 5.106) a demi Ltr dente dha ots By fay fo he oonant TMy modes sb frm Ye ich that Yon = Fe Te nee | Alepote the alimata acon at pet andy wi he nage meet ‘he mth 2 of (5.106) and denote he vain ofl thew of tag The mae Ba pavers ad cree dbusons fron ofthe ‘mode on the micron ing ae sow i ip 5.30 [SI Fr = the eld aco he vp conan Fr any en fue the de orrsponing ro m= m= 1 (TM, mode) hs he minima mesa aur of| ‘hering ad ir known athe dominant mode Ths ode al uted ‘ben ine ill nave micron rsonitor tet of cic mate.meet a es Mod ir Disa ing a “The TM ode cen) wold ae Five detin, hor would vary asec wiih ofthe sp The TMgy mode ide fw ‘mode af hs ae. “An hpponinsie va f fy a ako be enn wing aya = Dane bY This expen gies» ensombly acute alae of for 3 and (b—aytb ra) <0 [Foe tore acre cleo the M0 Yow ike cence age a Tate 53 for Bla = 2 or the gem ne, the solos of (5108) te peed in [551 in she fr ofa mode art, can Be oited ue hat fot the mip eng enna, (106) sbuld be wkd ser replacing the rai ean 6 wh their sive ae Calais of te ceive ai ema of physi tinenon re dnd nx. ‘362 Resonant Frequency Seve aera Ben wl for ecling the rane Geena of the crear ing [38,36 Approximate wae ofthe ona Feguen can be obey flowing se appease sed fo ober patch nen To the seated aprosmaan, the ont ROQENY i ‘eso y sang, Holt 6107 cts Chri Eee Fie puted a ti fe ena ‘cargo Fam © IIE Ryd th pemesc2 Met as ds Heb [ ar i nd ing x a io faa (5108 ona/\eme_ os : c he ithe vlc fh in ee pace So a the es fg il i 3 ‘eotertee aun fi fos ole equeney ee! wg6.108) oe led mes abe These imped ifthe ee asec yb wen ple of yn (108), a e : sete Hs fo aealen 6.10) wie To deeming he ral ey he sing onatoris dla a mcoip line ent ins cel shape The let fare 0 he esos een incest obama vided the ai of cuaar ge coped with ‘Re width of the eip condo. In ich s siuaon, the vale of forte fig cam be ken ob dese tha of neque microip ine with ‘np width equal to Wa be. An sppratate bu gle ac thio 186) exprenion Frey of mics line gen in Ape B Ug his tporath the diferece beeen the cheval and ead ae of he renrae Feuer is ound tobe approximately 394 (5) The scuay of Preiton an be Rarer intone by ing he url ste wep made a mre ine Appena B "pra ple mode of cal ing show in Figure 3.31. fn his ‘model the mrp ine epoca by an equal prl pe wage with deme ey and Zo. The paral pate ning rena ised have Uherame sthieie men isa the mist ng, The Medi vas tf oe faer and eter ea ae hen by apne = wR e110 bee bey, wR 6.108) hr the tive wih ofthe ng cond, nd gien by (8.13). [Xpuic af empire frmuie for the moti a cies Below (35) ean Bs oan boob sale san) or the given vals of and ba and by ae ceed sng (6.110 “Then (5.106) aed by epcing and bi oy and by. especie Aer igre Pepe ml rn Catto ve carn wt uta pena fe rem © 8 Irate! vt of ers ade Carp Ae nan Rape! wh oman sahing fo tows he rsanan Fagen is determined fom (100). has ‘eon pine ou ha hs model ie femal esate et og 2 Wl than the mean dames of he ig (a «B) (571 Comparion of "Bee onan eens ated he paral pte wei mode neh ection method (56) shown in Table efor TMyy and “Th modes The geen eres theo seis very gn Acie ie ‘spreion fo he sone wave sumer fy gen ne (52 5197545 fe TS agNt7eg Fo) gare whee e000 FB) om toe) oma in(G) 24m 127 Fae 169) gs108tt tea ae ee | % i in eae e . | s = fe) oe sos | “The expresion for Xs i bined by eplcing te ei B wi «in (61120), Eguaco 8.112) sald or neg > 07. When compared ih america ul the ee ia yy ke than O42 over the ange TE bela & 30, Further, ecm be seen that in che apts ei boa tia pete sig ith Wb ay 2 Ay, whch comps sh the meri lan 106) ‘gue 3.32 dpi he vartion of he clad roonne funy 1 funtion of te mena rads Ra BP, Fr vais mos in fonaorsona Duden (e,= 252 and - 0159 em) 3H] For Ty feds th reonan quency dean wih nccing Rand Wa bcos Independen of W forge acs of However forthe TM mode he tenn fsgeny sma conean th Rb dees wich ince 0 63. Radiaon Fs he ation fl of cae ing antec be bined te om the map est apache etn cen ition othe sae kr kad Rig Ae ms apse Pi th pemen) of hing, We ball se se equese magnetic ren eatin bese {fe amply, Casula ft radio Feld of eng re it {wand cannot poh wed fr he ciel ian The only {Uftzecebcwee be to esha inci ing theese mo magic arene sous compared wave frei dk Ration Rl fom the magne crete pe and = bare le depended and "lat eval 0 cba che aan gates fo the Hing nena The Calan Gels dete magnetic ingsoce op = robe [6.17 td 18) B= ( abe ihysindlond 19\3 A iseg 6 inland 110 ste the Tg mde 5.100) ges Ea) = Esthet Yt) = ibs bt ons =, ning he Wonka rte Bl gan) 6.116 “The lof ground planes inade inthe derivations of (5.113) and (5.114), bert hie Bon ated ha he ingen euen icone along ‘he ral dinsion, The ain Bld de 9 the caren source ep = Bi ‘shined by epg # with Bin (113) aod (5110), apd Ela) wih SE:wO). The eatin pater for he ing antenna ze then gen by Benj bla bind) ~ BE [eben sur tahoe — et eet iondone eum Bald) = Elialbanb lhe) ~Jlbaga Yb] 6118) Use of the charcrerinic equation and the prope of de Wrowkian inp Eat) 284 felbyes) Baha Jello) Ell) = ou) Subiting for Fle) ad (8) in (5117) ge (851 2 oO i il Tibend) sain fie asad (6.1200) Focin — Fb) obsnd ere bat =e ‘Thee gion te Mensa hse gen in 25) The eff of aia ‘tion of mage current he radio ele x ced in (31. The ‘ct of the slr cn te acount for sug the cream Bete "02 forthe plane per, and (2 for he plane peters. The fats F@) and Ff) at Seine in Scion 433. Raion pers For the'TM). TM, and TMs made ate loge in Fare 5.33 [31 For he “Tae mde (the Pinging othe er nd outer pert ae «ops plary, ging rele dao due to dene eee ‘Thee mod there, have sar bandh The sperure Gels fr the “The modem even), ofthe ume poly. making thee made god pinion moder fa theo ble teens te ey of the ane Incest andthe lb lee lan nce, This ec fn Higher bl ft the we apeure are call paging set higher sabe Io Than fries oder end th beset the dan per 20 mgt ee tha 9 nd nee ‘eno he rao eng sate e530 Fs age ness any rte Ty oo ke ‘ipa om © 182 heap! one Mo ‘S87 Giver Microstip Ring Antenna With an Air Gap The geome fcc ing cr anenas witha ar ap beeen the giound plane an the sua isso ia Fe 340. The segap thane i deol by 8 andthe dekec mbar thickness by By The Protea ani gp tos he ce dcr cst fr the nea Bingo na eet resonant Fun and he inpedance bandit Fhe ani nnga cn can be wo to dc the elev lo f= lay sobre ato tune te ananassae egncy forthe TMs tod gen by [51 foal) ~ fs NCTE 6136 thee fo) the oma quency wher tee 90 A pa ai The line petty of he moray med cee ft ous ‘The new ves of ave fe tangent and np impedance ae ges in (S81 The meaneed ales roonan fen) sol the pence bd Sil for dhe a fs geptiknose else in Table 3.6 ar the TM and Ta mode '57 Circular Sector Microstrip Ring Antennas. Ivcan be adanagsous in many apicion 19 we shapes hate et of 2 cir ing The pomety of eraar corning shown ia gt 4 Tense a a cred mionp line of coe angle The cea sear _ ms Sa Fire Gos ton a is er ng Tee Reem win prison onPie ithed s 33 gs ricoip tng aten bs been anaes the caviy mol 44) and {rss anomision ine nd [5]. The cvs models eyo implenet ‘Foe cigenuncon forthe TM mle 6 ae Ulli) Jibs Yhap cond (5136) whee ¥= nla “The sal of the tc ected on genre ansmision Line 1 mre vig Ie a ker ina aco the acai fom the ees a 0 and ga, Inpedane bandwith of he crear sector ing anna Incense withthe ines inthe valu f a, sh he mati eccaig| fora = 7 Cigale nico ing smear hare ben compared wth ‘evar pth antennas oar the ames [1 Ts bee observe that thee no pela advange pied by ting» cic scr ig, soveana wheres rectangle pach can be elo, ‘58 Microstrip Ring Antennas With Noncircular Shapes Rig romp mean tha have gonial shape ave abo Been ad “These shape ince etn, ate tang and oh polonl pes (46, 3-0). The pope of cal agar, and tanger shaped hr Dis an ig Aton = ings ae sin wet of «cae ing hai ramancefegeney and baw dee wih the dete inthe width of he np. The lat ‘eran, howee,inrens wih the decree inthe pwieh eae the ower ade al deren “The ta of ie ound pane sin on the deci of ge ing microipamcona hs been sulied by Moos and Sab [6A vt of Computed re elated in Figue 842 Ie stn that when che oud plane sie abou he ing ithe ict 4 mina ices Isl on incesing the ground plne se, nd exe wel beyond fie pound plane deri, race mat when th ie 1A as ‘creing and there ola bout he ffi round plane ae The fin eabarce fortis te ss tou 1B ve the ey for he {Bint proud pane cx 'A plo ring ate wih ntti propia ben deep ly Cat and [6.6]. The geome th algal sng ed tven pe and center driven spe, shown Fg 343 68), The dierions how (hee ae in mimes and the gone 3.3 GH. The loner penne bf the enddien pe abou 3g The cemerdinen peng canbe fevmed by connecting two enddven spe singe sama fed Pins. There th ine prince about 32hy- Thi ate a he FElowing fears [68 1. The canter deformed by the nner dg ofthe ply sing ase sadn amen 2 The ation paren ofthe antenna it sink deri by the ‘adnton fom the cae de 3. Thewidh of thei ein beer bin th des np ingedance ln hs my, he radon and impedence chars, an belt independemy contd The antenna wat and sing the igre equation inthe spec lomain The ing clinton wa vied ince suber of tl le and ‘mebtep 2 batt fncins meted Radaon pate on eaen ‘ype sing tte ar show in Fgue 5.4 [G.ew ezn th the wos ‘oie component in this antenna i onl abot 0 dB. Raison pats the center dees peng re poet Fgue 5.45 In th ca, sh coe fu component mach twee doe the sme ofthe sca The fin of the antenna 9.5 dB andthe inpeance undies 209 fee erence impedance of 150 am ‘Acca plated amen wk maison pan inthe plane of sigan conic eam nthe ec plane a ben oie by ngee round pane S28, 2 i ear Dik ad ig er = pee 8 Groty tei pes ng wt mes in mrs ve ype coaraen pe iw Sena om © EE Retard wh peso) fou singe Tis geome i sown fn igre 5.46 68, The dame of his EAEISE Thou one welch atte opening Tsuen, A cclaly ea fatona wih udm ca be obuned l 168] by changing The connsnon the ed point in Fague 346.Ftd en prison References Ii Wok "Cea Res Sein Mi" Ele at. 5,198, (2) Se Cy sy "Rem Fey of Ca Di Cini es IEEE Tn cn denn nd pp, AES op 395 6 18) Lamy 4-1 6 Sm nd. Be, Thee CDi Pita Cit 1 ne A iin Ch Dat i ta” ae (5) tn 0, aun nd WF. Rid “Toy ad gt on Memeip ‘TT oem al Popp Ve APT. pI. 15) Dan AG Ana of sp Do en ee” IEE Tn ‘acm Rpg APS 1) Sent Ph aA Ph (8) Yam Scand A thin, "A Theil Say fhe a np oni Dt Aman! 2 a ces VAP, 1) Sag ec of Pe ha Se ww on 0 bn ry om 9) ea os image Kom GGT Li i Mie wey sand Caen ge of fa Rg inp oem lg iho IE Ts no Pup aS Ayn Pa. Te Indi of Tel au, (he, a). A Hog An Cc Mle a a Wah ‘Tis Baars Some 268 Pe Aaa at Peo a AP, ‘oat yt Tn Di Ape pC Miconp tg cen” EEE Tae anc nd Pp Vl AP, uit eas Pb ae Andi bin Shp heen Shing Tne fone ad” PV ir ena Anetna EEE 2S Sn. Die 1986p DI. ‘Sin rand Comin, Moding man Da nn” Fn (ig sed opi HAP, 2185. aM Joan. Moma nn, At Hoe, Dea, MA 198, Gow, WC). A Sagem Se Rae int A hc ‘Eup non pe PY. pI en FT. Loran © Harm“ ined Tr Manag ‘mm lpi EET fon Pape P29, ‘ue 5: Bla Sie Tio ema Cot Miwa” TELE Tn ew on! Pp, Ge a ag "et ng eon de pan fie Somes). Hal an Wok, Mita Thr an ig Poet SE," Thi ei Pa Jame) Ryd Ha), df Mi An Pes en Hg Jo" ied Cit ae fm ha Mma nena [it af og a PN ‘Men Pope LAPS pOcy vo wo v4 on ss 1, ts “6 ry ac: A. of Grd Pi he ali Canes Deval APN pp Sa Bd i ani pn Pah owes! BE AR Dt Soe pe, pe Trnfband Opeenion BEE APS Tt Sp. Dig 1998, pp. 120-1123. Ser EM aad YT, in hanno Ca LFA Ho nd) Die, "Cie Mc ens We A iE en tnd oe Vl ES BOL ‘twp NG tnd Jato “Faan See Ca on ‘Need aan A EE song Vl APS, Bromsp Vl Ne 1986 Seep. Ga "mang Mei Pa Ae ig San ote ToD Mtn nC Be." ncn ‘Mes BEE iu sv on Peon 9, PS OT ‘Soe A rk pan ‘it a Pops APS. SC enh Krol Go nt an GS Sak), “Crate ig Ms Di np 8 i enn IEEE ARS Sy a 1 wu a i ).5 Syn MA Sly "A New Mc Rae Maia ‘ea Po Mr hyd nH nen A ah of orig co hg (ALS.M, W.€ Ch, al A Rag, "Ve Hel Tem Ai of estoy acs EE Tem veep ‘ha Joa Sy, “Cl ae an Co Adel Dg a Net ag mn Yn ter a npr TFL Sd) Rtn Mo Ch Me ig Ren EE eae CR Pgh Seg Mae ii Rat Fs {1S i en A Thy te Di J 8 KF at "Ty nd pei oe Moi nena Wi ‘in hl th 9p, ‘al Ml a 6G. Aap “Een Cop Sr Rie “oe Ratan by ae HEE ARS Tp Die PS pO ‘nom AKG Spl ona na Wa Aen en opal APS. Sp 1-178. oa Sent Bees in tc Pyet i "hi LIF Bran 5 Sey," ees a Cd kde eH man os 950 Play dR Gn “Regi Rago Spd Mice Aa rm eugene Lt YM, 98 pe ‘ln Vad eG "inet Cosy dR nl Che ap Sie in Son ons AP Man Pal al “Chines De of Mr ue Rig ‘nn i tena Cf ad Ee ED? T,wo i Por leer Eg area ee Sule eee eet 6 Dipoles and Triangular Patch Antennas Die senate pay he ole ofl pes oF ames The pred (Bo onthe tbe and cane ino big on er cent Jomansaion “fhe option ofthe ncunglar pa antenna However, peed dpa lve pend oe yan bea they cup es ea Compared tobe ison soem. Various ype of pice ciples ne ‘Role ths caper The wedge an achieve 40% impedance ba tl The pre ipl wet rs arora patch aie a “Pedsign rine canter are med with an erphass on desig. [Egle nga uch anemone docu in the second bal of the ‘oper vir! niet anenns descr in deal Carte tia staan pic tele the of tana and ret patch 61. Microstrip Dipole and Center-Fed Dipoles Rectangular icp anenonsc be casi io eo ain expr {peingoe thei engi a, Araptenns with tro secant Sep (pil sip wah otha 005A) ell mis dip, wer {oad reangr sen eld mir pach In ain 0 the Iicunip dg, aot popu configartion the cent ipa, Tis {omc 2 primed version a the fespce cadre ad wil be ‘Shat« prelate The bt ipl geome ze bow i Fig 6.1 Fp S10 shows a pia center ed pied dpe ws Fd lie Pia {CHC shows he dip confguation of pr) wh rectangle in feplicel by lana spo gue 6 10) se coplnar sip concn ofDipole im © oy Dipl an Tae Pach Ao o= HW < cL eet ue a(t pried on he ppt ice of ire sc ips FEctarangmen Thess condisors bv een changed om he tanga ‘Shape ong sap in Figae 61) wsmgre the bani ofthe {pte amenna The msi ipl, mah no ed ap sown in gre iio, The comer ple nenna general spendin Gon of be ‘eta to pss snl radian. The pl 6 vector Spacing Hiscppcly 001 Tine an? Hea) «mn there the conduct nike lane ave bon need Atoms DTigi and Xp 20 Fora soma dipole (610) pes, Die Tm Pa Ane as Rp R= het am) “This expen shows ht he ssonant ritance of cet ple is depen of be haces impeance Zp oe simi W For 2 ‘onan dios (611) due 0 pen? (6.3) snd VSWR «2 edith 1 aa fy wed HE ( «0 Fale) ad “The ave el for» nd pl ane applied wo pried oF nicoip Sipe so withthe flowing dfaions 1. A gute it ca Be ded fr sep dg of wish del hicks Bor co wpe he epi Shs re Hh 19) 2, The fi ofa laing in tect of print and mica ioe can be incl by deining an eevee consent The mica dglernblr 1 Fite length mics ne ‘Sddhe preity and Za given n Appendix Bare apleale “The pone pl, on the ober and, rel s pended mice {thin The prions fr Zy i ty fra pend microsd linear si gen Apert B. The rile ow represent the swe number nthe ouhedelecc media ofthe printed poe Melb dina sf 2A, wih A= Ae 2. For accunte ronan length deerminnton, dept lng of he poe shoud be spaced yan fl eg L by ac the openend elec: One otis Lp L028 19) ser i api gem in Append Bor he mics tin. Tis reson (in be wd for speed msnMoment Matha Approach fo nt Impedance “Th intel equation slong wth he momen method his en wed oan ss srr efor np ipelans and esananee lg ofthe micstip ‘Epo (5, Chapter 5; 15; igre 612 shows the ine mpince ofp “Bpolea 2inton of digl nth wih sp wich a a arate. Theis teomuceis chen when Lg = 033, and hvala nee tothe ih ofthe dpe igre 6.121). The sonant npr rescace i lm conan independent ofthe width af esp ec Figure 612) ‘Theslopes dip and Alda the resonance ae owe for wie poe, inden a nro bandwidth wih incense in width ee (618), The ‘fc fps on the inp impedance is ound be eile provided ‘he pp wih kes han 01g 613 Radiation Peters The fiozne clear ellspoducly ipa be ohana fom she caren dbus onthe dips andthe Gree’ fain. The sce faven model as eens oan he adaton pars of 4 micoip ‘Spl (15, 26,27, Tha mel war emplyed in Season 43 fo the ecg ph acm. Thfe, (643) forthe ration Beli can be aed fr the cep dle io, The resting tion pare wil be bond in the flan and H ple The fl fae hiss and the deci cone fn the niton pers has been cused in [27], The numberof ben 1b: eadnion pot cn be ited by iceing cer bor Thee ‘aiaion paren ae ape he capone pl of Fare 6.10), ‘ho (28). However bn antennas hve» fle ton ater a he pane. Inthe exe, thre all nthe boule dreion.Rainion ten the coplinar beaten of gure 6.1) ae plow in ge 613 [where me oben shat be plane rliason paternal fmnesioal pater. In the E-plane pers the mal the bod ‘Sand the aloon eve is soue 2B hein the ast ha 09 he {ir te. "The come palaation lve ie poet bk the plans. Sr ‘anon pate wre bare forthe oe side bowen of ge sua tr {614 Design ofa Printed Dipole a Microstrip Dipole Resonant Lonth “The fi caniersion inthe eign of «dips ame is the length Lf the cement required for ssonnee For sling ths the ciple can be o (Gewt ee, Pom © 0 Pater Paoins ant wih pro: i A - wees ST amore ge et | sa i Bast i - ete i Rito pte tp rt tn: I ae pn a [ene pt om 5 17 EE er pn ae ike engl pach aces and acc othe dig pres io Seon 4. the engi per hy beget 2le on fee ‘nhee te she ive desi constant ofthe mics line or te THscatp dipole and that of 4 supended mis ie foe de ried {pte The length intone ip wih ure paramere ‘i and thoes ofthe aides For sie plot ai 0.0001, teed ona bse with p= 3.25 and f= 1016Ro the ona lege ‘berersrp gle babe found tobe 0)317y [13]. hermano “sc 00.35 when hesdbntate Odes ised 0.1272 This (ite de a he cen in the emf cpuctane. Bandth ‘A cen die beans a srt roonae cit The al pow band ‘ith om te impedance epoaeo th ropant ei cbine a Bw -— 22 (18) a onl, here Z = Rs i she npr mpance he sont quency ay. Thi “non of bandwith csp Soa VSWR rai of 24 when el by 2 ‘enmiion ine f chanics mpeance 8. "We pine out cera he bandh fended ipl a ete {ad dip and» peony coupled micoip dipole ae the ame fr the ‘Snes of geomet and subate prmctere. There, she ndidh fale canbe eto wing the dein equations fr exalt iScouo 43) Egon (6) devel ors sp dipole ca abo be wed for the dengn. A plo of hi acon i igre 614 hows tha he bandh Ince pi with bre shines 2 hat Bais of 108 to 20% Cin be eso for sabre tks in he ange oF 14g 102A Digs he sacked conguton cn be ed to incense he band with, “Thr sy bas een cid ut for rnp pte (29), in he Tracked conus the lowe dole proximity coupled othe mcostip linc and the ape ple pital ould he fe iol. The and snc cally depends onthe scpanon dance Beween ee diols A endef 12% habe tpt for apy antenna hicks of 3 so e = 235 (5, Caper 3).cis ens ac nose ila nd Te Pash Arne a “The ve of resonant sence of a dpe need mach the dpe wo ‘he charter mpedane fhe elie. Egon (12) nd Pigue 610| ‘how har the rernan estan independent he ig wth Foe the gn onc ca ste (12) othe dita gente ovr hin cet dipoles Fipue 15 shows the dependence of the rooneretanc of cere tcp tiple on hand 16) The esomneresicance very sal Fr ‘inner bn ree the sane na erie ype andthe omer ia al. Radiation Efceney, 9 Raion ficiency is fined a tance Hig 1. 8 m8 Pat 1 Faete wy were the condor and dil nestave been angled. The vals of [rand Ry are indeenden of ip wth. Thetford geese fo thin plc an be sein the dog of sip ipl ao. The cr of ‘berate shine on ition eBoeney 7 ofa mise ole plated in igure 616 fr y= 255 (6, Ar det fom thi gre, here a8 pvr ve f fic which 9 imu. This opeimuen ha been ‘hon t be neat the co dices of the TE sce nave mode (6) The pendent fhe sown Figue.17, slong with heeding ‘ye dba (30) This figurine hae mam datoneiceny a8 eSONANT RESISTANCE ( 38 TE hpi hp Frye Vision Sh «2 Fines 635 Peano ene os mona dpl er ere tac am Im EEE Reed proFes fat tian cop ses stn is on [8.1 KEE Rope mt perms of more than 5% i dese, the sabre permit soul be 6,45 tra eshing ake the reser shan 8.154 815 Mutua Coping Between Dipoes “The dipole ae realy lcd nan ary configuration 1 cir the died ‘alsin charter ach nto beam low lobe ee, eas ‘hap, beam scanning snd soon The lage mutual coping fs terwcen thetdemens of an aay ean degade tbs haat, Iasion ofthe uplng ft fa the ary vgn can mimi she dgadaon. The ‘lato of muta emping hasbeen ced our bya nce of ces Shing the lovee cquton approach 6, 31, 32], The muna! ouping ‘Seton i cried ot for evo onfigattions pul (or boa! and Colne orem). Thee arangemens ac shown inte nt of Fe (G18. Muna cuping is ermine by the Bestar eae along tes ‘deiner The ld ected bys mci ioe slong he intrice {Go be desrpoped an ace wve or es wave ir dgenderc) ight rr wave (Ur gene) vrice wave (Uf dependence) and leaky sees (apa dependence) ‘atl coupling eres ene fl hl waver shin wt ple i pled in Fig G8 a fancan fearon Ap beeen them Fgure 618i) shoes he mata! coupling in te boas diction The Iona der surtce wave mode at bunching ptr shape few This ‘ant that inthe oad coin, = 0% the uae wae cna Dipl ond Tila Ass va EEEma = : 1 te : {hn om ee cred th prec tee coten Dip ond Tr a An os in to ee tal coupling wil be minima. The coupling mainly dae tec, higher order, and lesky waver ete by the dpe The pe in the mata coping fo small eration (S-¢ Oty conf tha the couplings maint det the higher oer modes. For $> 08h he pace ‘vive coupling docsnste, Inthe itrediae tone Dtdy Mn So Anns ” ove an be dead +s load impedance Zn the mos {Scaplied in21. This equlene seu shown in Figue 70). The “ea af the mod for inpoance Zar decribed hax 221. Equivalent Circuit “The mone Sac ane canbe ews micros iedcontniy nd repel by an sure a 13] a sown igure 7.30) Te ons of an de gansmer, + sdeton condone, and ht Kine ‘eomiued by bor ite the eves Further de tape a 60 funy conneved sctnn sne with carsceisic impedance Zand fle conte. The power edie ftom tes acoso bythe ‘ion conductance yh elev length of he dor ie ken a [er ls Le, whe Lyi the py leg ofthe sand Ls the “ules lng mwcitd wth he sons soda at teow shored (Si ofthe do ima so the open end extension af the micoip patch [Skennal Acrpentn gh edu otk no aeou he Province of th mice ine om ee lot with wing erpitd ‘eion for thd volage TMs leg decrbesthe vain nthe obsened Senna quensy wth microti way subst parameter fe dane 11 and tn tam the sore. The Kel earfrmer repens ‘ke capling bowen the doe and ee miso Kin and determines the mount of ot volge coupe a eis co themiron. This ola io ‘Eel he denny vba The uns a fe easfnmer i defied Wire avaiVcwbere AV the luge donno the moss ine ia ithe vlage zs he so a the fed poi of Network Quanies 122. ete To deine she equivalencies ice nae of inp ‘hing sumpsoos se made. The nce te vole dsbuion slong the Rctindseuntng the siconip bine by Betis boundary wal. Thee “nunption ruc the computer tne cnaidenly compared tothe compte Fei signourslson geri [4 Por nuh les for vole V arose sot ate ed poi ca be epee Ey= ite, oo wh en 2) air and nb piney, inpide La “HI2s784 #0) singin.) saa E 3) dsysh2 “Therion of do volage (long ie sor ais plo oie 74 Abe fend pone = 4 tbe xvas Ws Aodiatan Conductance 6, Asin the ene of 4 rsp pt atena the eatin onda i (ined = Pas Puc Go Etta oa hr the efece olage inthe otis eine a Vg gen byra oad ee or unter Fae 3G (9 © 8 Epa th aR (a) In 74) Pugand Py ae te radial ones in the form of sce wave) fiom he dint sub tnd sie, expire and Porth pomet ‘cd byte sui waneand canbe ogi fr hin aw cc conan Subse With the help of the econ theorem nd Parl hee [2 Pagein be exposed = yore (ESP ce a, nl aaa, v9 whee the las of by andy te lind 1 the vite mgjon HE + Bek ‘headin penne Fr fr he TE made fr he mbes igoee BS) sg pV VEbookirad) V+ Feamnyab) wee ste ¥ WD salons The csprenion Fyn 75) sileren har Fr with heeled prunes or che TM made gen 2 Tate, YE sjocolrne Yall = jowoestyae The quntiy fn (7.6) the Fourier eno of the sot magpei cere, I welche in the lteguton range and cin be eed ‘meal withour any icy. The Pate can be eat i sii wry for the aide by sing «y= in 0.9). The Py term ca ao be Xexmined om (7.6) bar the integaton iced atin te nighbarond ‘ingle poi aot withthe uric wave moder. Thi egaon tro dace in Cape 3 Tn iheequilet cei of Fgte 730), he psiion of che rion sonduanc it the ot ine ett «Le? +d ead of the eo Pony =. Hete dag dees the dance om be deen whe ft ‘Enimacn of the deci Beld ox ernie dos ine tnd dar ey foal 0 y= Ls. The we of dp embles oto ngle the ee of| ‘hed ing berwee Gye the shone cd and prevents he ot kitance fom being infae een for +o esi el the ed poi 13 Disconouty Vokage Ay ‘Toedaxonineyvlage Vigo he micros in nic becuse of coping tobe dos Int nado The os sre and he scxtering coc at the wo endef he oti Ips and Va te ie vag in the mirontip and eq WZ fr unit power fom “Todermie dP ets comer hat an incidence Grom xs io port {and popup 0 por 2 th the so abet. The ‘corel ld gente by the slo xeon bo por Land por? IFT od Tae she stering coef hen theta mage a on he ‘mony expel a09) ap [Riaotaben) «Fikes free 0 ~ [ete eB) forx20 wes ft the le conta for she denian mde ofthe mica in ‘Te wl des fl sina abained when seal by «in 7 Tr te icant etd at =O he vole a the ew es of th {Exon ne t+ Tp Vand (0+ P2Vge There, the doniniy ‘alae gen by 8 — "Th el penetra the cop ie, and, ar norma for uit owes Hw, ht [fe xP stent on0) hese Sy ie the crm eon ofthe mls. line Co Deese). The oem ¢ and & asia normal Invating the eipoety caoanip berwen te mir and x fel, one eta er ome gee manips (13) = Pepe) iyi Tere “The ransfnmes sare ai i fined a AVY, a i = Tals ou sod we of 7.11) and Vi = YZ ies ne Meant =| a3 Mer St Aur o - see[foeinens sy [[onorono | th betty capone magi ligne Fo Tied ay we ed dome hye once of owed Se a. rom ne lie ape eat Zo SORES Tia tln of he weap Care omen in LERTGLE Tum To lnc he ont of compton i mice SEALS oy ine emty wo es ge dee Fre seething el deren ‘rics es wet fe For anor ni Pesta Be ipa fr ey deen fede fbr neniany ——88 pivasd Ebina) — 0389 rmaf(2L) and w= 021,12 For aro sip he sie caren es the mics a be sppvoinned ty J, aoe and an be ween pe one . oe ow ni2P = 7 id «ob ose)wht ie) the shor Bevel Function. Using the specatdomin Tmmance pps, on the grun plane w= can Be ied 23 fei eae ie Fishy 0) gh A a ”m me aap HLF Farad" Fhe 2D Vg 2 crt rnd) ad Yer feeTe Vy Mtetlgaad ME jane TES jag An en VERT Yam 2 BET a Be Whe sin (2) and 7.158 no 7.19. Sin wad ff 4 58 (VE es 0) exp Hk 9 — A) ex JB res) ebay wdatoa) £5 itd = 7.8) wie tibn)= f serenity ore om Lala) = { eae =H Fn) 7-20 We ben an nr seni (7.18) or >. negate eponents xressions for Ue Zp an As ‘Aa enc expesion fr the compensation gh Ea ee pore in lisjteie fen 20 TR winpllstt vd). ‘The dot line arma Zs, Bs and A scan he ceed sing ais ‘nla methods (1) Cl form exreions fr Zand ae ase Append 8 este ‘The for he micros slot antenna avaible in [3 ae epee elo: Fist we conser an aie with th centred dose 0), The ee furl putamees considered are Wy = immo 6m, ere 220, {Es 40.2 min and Ws = 0.7 mm The css slr n paametes Ag td Zs, the usta the shore Ls nd te aon ‘eodutance ae plod in Figure 75 ver the quency age of 2 ws Ge Avo Gite the alae ofS abs 2mm nb ppt 09,6, is abou T ma, day i ele vo Be 1977 rate raion liency ic 0.94 Teepe ha FL = 4g adm oF 18) eed 097 m7 the the corn nt ow than 09% The computed ae for the atenna ies impedance are poe in Figure 7a compared wih ‘he mead ess of Hid and Dai (19 andthe reas ig surtn sation. Thecomparion en be god nay ne dened from Fgus 73 and 76 that de roomate af th samen ot be ciptesed w= Asi? Als “The efi fleeing esr on the esion in aeneainpedince ‘shown in Figure 7.7. Noe tha the pk es essed ith he incre inthe vale of andi pile so abn vale compre the micaep charset pata 723 Inclined Sit Teas poinedout ier shat ne ways rece antenna impedance seen by the fei ort the slo with rept the mvp et ln The omer ofan inctned sen shown in Fie 7 The etal i fr ‘hs omer remains the seme ce gare 3), val of dot > 2et ne coo ma elu 124) Mem = cnc pees 2 rome ie mle Si a8 Wore = Ve] ign Nl sts gues cei st ens cone of Meses ty on 1 MN EEE Red we prison) os chang de w the ininaton. The ves f an cane with ih wie 9s Th flo sx ncn 0 the impetnce en by Rene tt cn suid by many autor 13 17 18 Fig 79 shows Ne ARSE atom eshows tt rene with the inet in he ae SEEPS hit abe stone inline dees. The ston impale ie pit in Ppe 710. The src dimensions andthe preter ‘ht ct abo Ato [15 hie deste he badhaning GPatafeomer fa Sw amen eng an exer macing eowork, The {USWA hand ar bn epee to be out 67% Th catback rand dot ealisrbas ao bat dss thee te mh be Sued fom Fics 77 and 7-10 ea he so rane is wees he Requeey hich the namalad series essa wi Tiere ect of the amen ant cance bythe we of 0Be Tengo the miso om te fed i 4 124 Design of MicrstipFed Slot Antenna “The foxx i the design of sl antenna io demi the physi length “Fis roontne so cha bee oud ht fo a sox soa dian ‘Bade the onan ng ys gen appesimaely by = Ayl2— BL TEES RE Sik equine eng sc wc he nonzero inact a TETAS STi new sep sn doug the Fed sch hat he 9 aaa ese mas ed ampere. Fr thi oe ci SEPANG) Ceonced mic dor he ea be indined with eps ©asset Fre Topo rine st ae than ole Wow 1) © 181 Reed wn prison) | rasan inh tse he ting eater et 4022 OU Fe © 10 EE Rea th erie) She edo obtain 0M antenna impedance. The dg ure ira hove in gues 77. and 7.10, ea be nerd a ncn of fet dance ‘Zorthencnation ange. The cre sehen nd eo deen he fd penton Rear on carved on inne tdi fe apres are Plone in ire 711 [13 Pure 711) coeionde tothe ce whe 40mm and 85 = 6D and d= 20 mm and Ws = 0” fe pe 7.110. 1725 Rodiaon Patome he rdon Fle of oe antenna can be canted by ang the vein clei potent method sed the deci Bld Enibuon inthe ss THeFa fe component ote fl can be ween aang the sf abate to be negigle ito we Jf Pitt aeotreeiaesngend + ysinbind dy 22) Hee os 2 Bo cap om whe Hi) = Mg My ee macs en and can be ‘psd nome fh eh dE 3) Hie») «Bing x82 Bk Bab e29 When she ci aro compart th face meen ht Wc hero fists spnimaon, she sei id som he aca evo be conane Ey = Oa, = Eyetl Lh ae iegaon| (722) rece smn Bs 0, WELW" _ cout be rr an 7 oxer= Bok sWse OY op tA keene. ae Mla =1 vee Mar St Ana « “Te atone in thE plan (= 2) arsine! as allow ote Fee and £y= A eywets a ae? le tnd forthe H plane (= 0) Fos ty om collin) Fy20 and 2 BY ergs eC gy ae ‘datsineree—1 7 In detningshe preceding quo he prod plane ofthe dor antenna is svumed be inf, pd th dri id eamed te ey ot the width of she slr with no ld component along she length of he se. ‘The eft of the bare iso nego. “The meattd nd compel raliaion pens of «matched oie revnant dae shown Figure 7.12 Tae plane ream ae st tothe Eline pers of ipl anon. The mane beiwih in he e232 fost ta os thd toe Bam © EE1H planes abo 68 fr he fi al ene, The dso of he mesure Ele radon pater a duet the nie a ofthe gound plane (12) tres the ull ted eB ith ofthe lor The we an act Greens function i the derminton of ain pater, bowevt os Ahora appear nie coe son bot plane 0, Teor antenat i be regu bing compensa 0 ple As long bc Ap. ie ‘Eee aba nly pile cron the fa Bl Farhemere, ‘inc the wi of he micron condacer fora ctr ipeanc of Saf smack sm dan sheesh note Bel dra y the pinay uke poner poaccony egies oreo “The raion pater und slo ate iene aiden rataton canbe abun by glaing a plane rete a ne sao the sup conc, pall othe subst src Ge Figur 713). ‘The dependent othe inp inpence and dation charac on ie loseestn suing hr ben dased by Yosh (12), From the Hs Pine ptcn ness fr ous eso elector pci te opium {pacing born fea ade eo pont Ag a ir ‘Route el and ium fone back mt. The il mpeance mat tea ralnor with elec ane by changing these ofthe su round Plone Microsi-Fd yin Slot Antenna The eps appoah i id tata tin the ground plane sepia ei ne [24] 1s Ben fond th be be alain Chetenes when th sae of the onder nee. Desig a expe ‘Slots microsite opening 45 Graal pote Uppleaion have bn ped by Bl 73 CPW-Fed Slot Antennas “The ict fl forse fm he nel foci alpen af the ehings om the wo side of the Bow Aye we of a micstip Trci aocomparble wh mone scion nd bcc er ner ‘Gn wh aslo dees rt pol. The poems fave een ‘She by enon ote coplanar meee (CPW) Fed “CPW apes anna eet waedestensiel [25-26 Rig ‘us ania thee nota bad on ee negli salon in the petal donning epi lon in se dani 38,30, nd FDTD aoa (5), Experimenta els fo lop anes wih a CPW {£51128 and opposite ssrmaton als for aly sro os {2 ve een publ. Loop antennas [28,29] andlor anennas 3, Se 3a al by 4 CPW have ao ben eponed. Neve ar wl CPW fd ous pinay earn pane sed stent, 32 fled lox onfguetion can be ste ose don he sna impede (35) CPW Tne ndtivaly coupled these staan be oe or ees fed aay [BGA bow so ancnn 37) he so anion quan of she Fowsie pened digi ail in Chap ‘Gaetan ins with CPW fed slo pens ithe eed fra sui asin, Mary pes of CPW sr eran as en proposed fer anc applications Some ofthe ae one wang long ented tlc amsane BT] shown in Fig 7-148), he oe-wnlengh ong oferfed ‘ovate (34) f Pgare 7140), ee ava long expan el oo ean of Pte 7-14) and de inde coupled dat anton (36) of Fipwe 7140) The copia winepide excited ate old mode ofthe ‘Coupled at fo, ao eld he CPW roe In tha mode the eualent froge crenon bch CPW ss adalat of phase coming ily che coe plr component fhe adiation pave Ths eure TALIS 5 Sy ad M.A. Suny, ge Msp Sb Re Ma ‘on Eine iw a 888g 7584 E ¥ @ w =| aa © @ snap te sea tt ncn le oF CPW ed fl in che design neon ry since the mal sapling emcee ine mini “The ccaton mechani in Bue 7-15 ey 10 anderand In ‘isc the cet ld ine in th oe CPW spe ite peste Sou ofthe anna, The tated Bld of the antenna inety plan tong te dot wabh, Acne sn ameam of ds type om fret and fra 2 ssa hate bon developed [3] Aa off in Fae 7.148) i el fr proper inpedane rch of esl antenna oe uactere inpeanc of the CPW, The cacao fhe inde cope anes sf igre 7146 i explined fom the magi el contig bere the {CPA and the soc senna Tht coupling shown in Figure 7.15. The ‘magni el induce the dct ld the coupe ss shew, Se Fre 14 Bac an maa ls ecu rei ntsc {ust nn 8 © 198 I eps wh ran ‘hele lin the rz porns ofthe ds reopen dis, ‘hey do not conte tothe adatom ut ate we tines coping beeen he CPW andlor anna nd te espe or coplison inthe radon pare. The weil ao thes at rapone fr ‘aon Beas fhe silly dec paride The oe pas {sre lndin he CPW fe Tin and the eect of Fg 730) tpg: The inductively coupled CPW fe nace cts ables ich x "AE lng of che ron arm of the tan spacing Berne the CPW ted she oraonel sm The et vial cn Be a 0 net Charice The ndtv fe parity able ei say ‘oofiguason. The yur of tee dement lng pro sy shown in Fe 716 138) Feldet Sat Arena “The adtion essence of single so amen in ee pe eel 500. ‘The we of aos slows the atin ene fo be led down ‘vera wide range scoring 10 2a SE 726) wher Zn ithe impedance on skeen do antenna, Equation (726) ‘abe wed far opto vale of [35 The fe arangeen of iar 714) ‘in be ued eo devop 2 mullet anna The iat of igre 7.17 ‘howra numberof mules olde sna. Ald nian Cerepondt to «2. Varton of he np impacts quency or | umber f fldaleaenna is sowa in Figure 717 (39). The impedance Se in cw agreement with (25) the mame f slo incre, The Tenant fegumni of all of thie anton ae abow the tame, ee 105 GHte Tn anak y.2 doubled antenna on = 22Frere Von (re 18 EE be wih f= 0813 mam provide 1048 eur lw bandh tho 30%, The mesured inet inpelanc of di ancana ws OD at 16 GH 5) Uniectina Slot Artonnas Theendaion Gm thst nent deed enterica. Lia eral ave wed grounded "atsion fom angled (0) layers wa ile dec contams avid pal las TEM rode Serve he wo patel ender plane A configuration of tae aera ‘Shown in Fue 7.18 (25) Toms sli indore tar VSWR andi se 269% fr the lop antenna centered at 14.6 GH nd ie abut 25:8 fr the do antenna fr eaance x 106 GH 25) The Compose tubers wcd war O787-cumcbick Durid RT/SEO wih trv Bd, and ans ii of kc 0.635 oun we lcd ere de Shyer albus w the bck condor ‘CPW spurt antenna rtd [25] np lively wide dl ‘There bt mponet of these Held nthe sper ate modeled Iti pmble so ana msch hee the fd lin nd hee aman by Atjting ihe doc rnene ndch sno the tick of dhe sere, THE sonatlngucny canbe adel by adjusting he length ofthe op snd ‘do snc he reonnt eng a op i presto one gee i » Il tnp ee team © EE. epswavclegth andthe sont ngh fa so i approximately hal «ie slg “The ation eine ofthe oop acne i fund o be mass ‘59 ac reson and hat fhe slr ato shut 30 he compost subsoutepurmets gen eer (25) For epee veieation te ‘hen el, the compote abt ad Slash RYIS0 with 722 and in thie hanqeomb brat (e+ 108). The input ped tee ofa wide slo aman plod in igus 7.196). Go ae i hse Leween the cpu and mesure apa impedance om & 53 GH The ld par of hi sot atenae in he #90 planet Pein Figure 7196) 2695 GH. The ull ae 260° ae de te tiray fcr inedsced bythe nde sprain f the vedo, Te fel fain pater fhe op aera in he b= 90° plane 863 Ghee lted in pure 720. The agree fewer the mere an allied tens spe t be god espe nea od fT diferenc da oe {he of aboing mater a he ge ofthe boo ce ng eiacton {CPW aoe antennas hae ao been aed for power combining 2 nile Fequenier Te sted nal hick with ke ese sceted in od mile ofa quarerddeic wanelenpth Ag. The Per ost i she sure ue othe re wine rl be comin ‘hen a single slot we (38) Te lo decreed lf when fos Zia teas with two parc is wand the power ui knponed by 5b (38) Fue 721 shows ro congas ofthe CPW ad sor say ancena. The utena in Fg 7.2.) comin of rw rsa step (CPW andthe ar n uber ofp dom The separation dy spr ‘of pari tien by d= O4)Ag igre 7210) cw an ey ‘fi i which ee length of CPW betwen exch pi of Sas bf oe Shacall he oe ae ected inp ra und th the pet ein ote Soc antes sy ofthe pe shown in Figue 721) a 34 GH cold be incesed by 11 4B ovr a nleslor ates by wing» twe-dinesionl | 53 le ay fad by + CPW (3), (CPW Fed Bow-Te Sat Artarnat A bowser ate fe by CPW has oc into by Sliman [37] This amen ibe eget fs pit ple aan inte st ‘eatguston The gone and the avs Simenon ofthe sents ae Shown i igre 7.2. Aneae ih te ifn dae angle, 6 and 90% hive been sie Ie wa found tht the Howse dor sro fas iol kendo per with mst plain lvl es hen “20 in the pne and Les than “18 dB wound she borngh detion. The resced pi of the antenna tay 55 dB A bow antenna wth O° mano am © 1 EE ated wn poaw Fact at eps ah = $s a 8, Teng" 12 cy ih = na so i a, cont ana nema ran Ala ang ound ob be cae it provides lage barbie of sout Dd camped 9 3290 for the "Hae angle The eospoliaon lel i lowe forthe scons wih 9° fae age 74 Annular Slot Antennas “The stags lop anena wat decried in ea seion. A wsiaon this air lop shen al ap aaa ema T ena ie vey toate and dol er “An anlar antenna compris a ear ot in he pound lec nbn, fed by lero conductor a shown Fg 72 Tharp af ier tea of pombe pln 4 wha {cea te omuneatns snc can ane poet lw dation nde). Imurun mb communications, nade wets mbleatone ome ion om dito vn ow ation arg, aoa 30° op For the boron plane Raton ptm aan of ssl ot anna etme eet ‘Cnr the gnc of an anna tin she cardia stem of Figure 724 An anna dei vcmdacting plan fia exten Be ‘owed aan slr dsibason a be magnet suc tet es by Me. 8) -Eylp. 6x8 5 &\ (Goel Eyis conan ait, Fo his se (727 ees 10 sits Eu By ARES Eee ani — dap atin dors — #46" : 29) nt fe — aint #48 . (7.29) nagrain wit expect 0 4g footer srancetointonta’— #040" 2ihietoine) 7309 Jono dexpljnkosin eos’ - #))d@" =O (7-306) oie) a0) a y= Exc Pt nes 727 ne Pes “Halt Fy gmt aint Ba ox fe 7 PRESB le drat ind . 73%) pein tag ik ees # gr 4 cowbfebyint) 0389 anbentidnind) 038) “The raliaon power pry RO) = gh + Bgl for w= 0, and ay 12 ae showin ius 725,726, 9 727 (0) Fe 7.25 hows ‘Bo Fanon pcm for n=O est comma ei eld in the ale ‘lun thie ar the ada pater inthe E and H plans ne te ae, the matin ralntion ong te end ie dieon. Ween fm Frpue 726 tha for = 1 th aii pars depend on the ra of he Sine The Elan pce fer Land akp = 1 i enialy constant wih Ale where 2 te pte bas he mai bein he boi ‘Gen tnd sdlabe sng the ene drecson The level af he sidelobe edb wih pet tothe main lobe lee The Heplane pens fr wre 725 Ron ean ews wan an My.Some dren Dei anak Fie 2 fsa fi tulad soe an 1 shown n Figure 727 ae the sme rth he aes of a a She a Cc plaiaton fom te aol do an be ee by dng it such sa wo modes with roger plasons gil ample, and pi difece are ected, Frsheprpte one cn cove Bere sn Feat dogn and + dane dag. The afer dosgn can be based 0 4 fever spline or ypc bybri couple. A yd coupler ih epee (era power site ecu of the un lan berwen the fd pos tect of Loading onan nul Slot ‘The fe of lating onan anaes hat bon staid arly and cpeimenly by Morita ea (38). The nent conser ie 3 evi ck anna ann andthe a a sot, The anna hacen such tpt impedance, tsonance Regu, bandwith ado pater, ‘nd plarationhave ee ries Facn of postin of sh the Sloe Sper Te ar ben sb ta he ean equ cn be i tyr denn the shoring psn, Wilt ipedane chu me shied by sdecting the hort poson propery The pluton can te hanged rm linear cle plrcon, and he ation ater ca Be uel “The geomet ofa ais snr doris in gue 7.28 “The inner as ofthe anal ois py andthe slr with. The short flea aan angle fom thet me The ran the fel ey i denoted by ad the hgh of he cavity ir. The mesure esoant Frequency fd the VSWR 2 tanh ae plored in Bigae 729 = Funaonoshrpostion a. Theroonat quency deine tha gency ft which the VSWR becomes minimum. hs aber tat ro sete Frequencies xt fre = 0 no sor) and 105" The mo romance tte due te Separation of degenerate moder of he aaa or under he Inn eft ofthe sh As rinse oO 0 105 the to ear Frequencies approach ech ther and mere at = 105, Ae icra Fuerte wo feuenie move pe rm exch the By aig the separ ofthe ewe Feuer an be cold pre 7.29 ao shows tha the nw can be nce by long the short poion, The asia bandwith fr she given tf anenns Figwe 28 ey ced ar et to fem B31 EE. ap wahinne Moe ins ese an edhe el tot (ibm 18 am wit sma rm © 181 parts i ethan 10% when a cae 90° and 120%, The caer Folin thu of etc sate can ain he apne! Py {Tepesencof oct Senet nade (Chaperone Hideo the smne Chesca wo be pened ne are men Carp feeds hen ee ala be ee won ey “Fe radtion prs of he ans ca be conrad toc ty lading the sot ith» sue capacitor shown in Fig 7.0, One Poeain fi ating eo mak he radiion pater anmmeric ad {SEI for spans ocean Av atone ed dation rer abl sassy came bshown a Fg 731- In pe iG) ite 120 Gao ot nn th eg. fro © 18 Pee sets i @) i i : a 8731) se aon te a 15 tt a ra. When ‘haem ded with 80 ohm a operating acy of 15 GH the sdaon ater becomes apymeric sawn in Pe 7310) Ul ‘Thera ters an cle berated econ by vane capt Toad onthe anal by se bia sap They cane mae se of to reduce the maligth fing in wtb mole comeunicatins when the teen ound on + eile, 1.5. Tapored Slot Antennas “The aero slot aca (TSA ws inet by Pad and Mahar) and Gs 83} a stow dhe sme tne Unlike other antenna dace 0 fa hsm an ci dno and ed cele vave equ es det lager engi A yi TSA cont 4 peed dv tt Been exc in the metizaon on cic subrate, Figure 732 shows three pes oF TSA elements with difeen apersaps the Via eponenal taper anena, he LTSA (nea pt a he CWSA (oan wl m0 ter The lng ofthe ancana dented by Lhe wath of the anes 2H, opening angle oe sperare angle 2, and mts panes bs Some of the aan of TSA cement over conven! cme Fallows ‘+ Narow 3.48 beads fhe onder of 15" ad he ering higher ‘in up co abo 16 dB fr longer ements, + Simple and conveieneinegraion of the cleren wth he fed wan “+ Compursvly lner pater bani of ihe onder of een we 1 Const opus impedance over 3 Feeney ange, Fw 72 Varn oms ape at ans guinea) USA, seat oS tet ae lok atthe cnr of the TSA semen. The bic prope ofthe TSA oe ned obese the Berth dict, Train fhe nena, The input impedance ofthe antenna des mot vay ‘och wih fequny [land here, eps. TSA isp ocean pe af tinge antenna. hie atvenn, the stoee Spon + sfce wave that proper unl dhe end of the sctre and ‘oils athe termination The pave vy of the mre wae era es than the cy ofl Hence TSA sa sone st. ‘Fis amenns ean proce sme atin perso the planes pr tothe bet (pln and prendre arate he H ple tape iw planer grey. The psc, mean of rato, and he leaf ice neers yw Sore the bok 1, 46. ‘Teguise an apical co TSA The deny of TSA incense id bes decease th eh ofthe nent since ora trvgrvettena wih conn pe vel log the eh the {Sanopimam ue closy sip = sha roolsig manu dec tnd hgh gun I eal Zacher igh pm se hr. nthe LTSA and ‘ll amen howe the pave vlc pot constant deo png tf he sda. Tewari In phase oy wth sane along the arent (ets we loweing of ie andssoced deen in slabs lec called 1p Zucker he Baca cae Then of si ers. p= | ress ina ‘ler bea ur neve el anenina For TSAS che exits Teepe to fil beorern standard cr of Zeck’ high gin aod low {Eldobe Another gerd conan othe TSA hat she ot with tthe termina 2 he echt es one hal weet for ete radiation te oxcur yp LTSAs hve pening angler 27) tthe ange of 5°01 ‘Toe polation ofthe ated Ble ener and lant with of he 151, oamwidh “The aalsof TSA not ye fly maered. The difreneappronhss Iie eer wed to predic the adation pers OF TSA. Thee tecigus Ie been woke ot by nanan and Scher (4749). Fora TSA with Tie ale paces ve curate ee For tbe radon pater in the Gt appch,coforl oapping ed 0 pred he iain pers fora isin TSA 7], The her approche oe aso apleahe Toadies ded TSA [8 49) Thre mos pei acute adiaion pc forthe tina ow ¢ suber oly. ‘One fee matodss btd ona Seerinion ofthe peur ei Gla [58th he perce done by modeing he perome in ens of epped pprosimcon and ling he aif do Fe dia. Abul pune Costs con ed hog wi he pete Bold tol the adnon pn, Thien sed a or infinte w ‘ike antenna, Good res ate, howerer, aban ben the wih af he hse nt et The hid pps he mare mato os fe ‘holt decmine te cent dtbesow one TSA metlzaion 49). The ‘Slt fel ang ned i he ampedanes boundary conn. ‘Ths mol hasbeen wd with ie anon wh, and sate fr subs jing the sno, ~ 1h y= 0.1, where ithe stb Thnnete Compaton brent nea od cout in pater ted onthe moment mahod speach shown a Fe 7.3 fran senna wich b= OF mms = 238, L= 10cm, 7 6 and f=9 GH (0). We ‘cfm thi pc sha che computed madaton pte bly ih th mene pens xcept Framers in he bclbe Tn he acct of accurate lei and dig whe fe TSA me tiv bom he deg infra bed on the woof Yogeon ad it fea [450], In been abcd by themy tough 4 stay of names ‘Sete data, esse consent git egal before {Rit mamcana wth bowie thc age with he senda defo ‘enlagwave anteans get y Zac (65). Bsed on numerous mere {pen hb find tht for LTSA Zanker carve apps if te ie (Tec tsk ofthe abt ied Ingle = = DHA ow Fire 73 compen ot sore ‘apd LISA ety He Oye 23 td B= — am, uy om © 188EE. eped wh peson) fs bere 0.005 and 001 for ateaa ghs of he ode of 4 0 10h0 Sy Unni the deve cs beyond hac gen by 7.90 ist ets at wih highs sll and hen naked greet with ee rane Thee sandad cove ate plow n Figure 73 6x pin Si fan ede ants aa fonction face gh Lig Fe ae Spimur in coe and low sabe ee (4), The 5B beat (diac ETSA wih apuon (6,035) an 34 GU with abe of teed ans Dos and 096 tm we plowed n Figae 735 (50). Ths cece sgement with Zacher cure Tere fa dear progein fom (ee Rada eeclng wave proce at 0.025 ou wo iced in (005 seal no wnequl beams inthe and pane ‘le mm, Asean and ctv ners fe anc gi noes 152 apt impedance “The np ipdance of LISA wih ar dic as Bon deter 1 Yaron af baedon de conforma mapping etd proposed hel 7 : =: [Beer U uy Sng tS tes ean ne! teed rnd ssn fn © a Mra apes weoy a z wt Pr feyicR oer 039 e 0 where KE) and £70) ate the complete dlipie and complonentay ines respeively, with molar nd 2 the ape ange af he oS ee TETSA. The above epreion fr te ape impedance har alo been fond va ‘sible for a in dsc bate. The mesure reson sch hin © LETSA gre gate well with Cares Eng ‘Thw re show in Figure 736 (50). i735 Ven ta oe tne ne of ag Uh TEA Peete preter ee ee Seba sister " ppameearenrmerttoene eo hptnddmlern ant ee ee 1 Ltda nti ote receivers. These integrated systems can be used at frequencies as igh2 (come) won ance, 7 Canes) Fie Conpinn ot mantle its iat pe tA trom 50 0 HE ape ih pmo! 3. Single demeo TSA be wa ed fo eco ls anes 4. Single dement TSA: poi igh pin upc 17 dB) compar © ter aca, aC Beal Lost antenna semen ih Nigga exe 5, Aras of TSAs be ben wd ighealaon miller mae imp onibe sls communication tens, power combi inp and phe as 153. Excaton of TSA “The ape ss lineata a be ely mens of contin misiin eopane wane o ean navi. TSA wih micoip e Shown in Figure 739. ee bach te mons ad st Ee su 2 he jancion art quate nave lng, Transom cotton and Fm mcosuiptal: Ene e erin dealin [21 Aanston Benen Mini St dr 2 Alumina Substrate T T Slotine Merosip Feed ‘Tapered Slot Fae 72 fcinon ot ape ate rt mi Sotlne and coplinar ware ben det in [52] and a ween tecanlr weeded de ina 33) The neon bewen# es lineand asa ne wanna ep fuged irri ed ina 116 Comparison of Sit Antennas With Microstrip Antennas ‘Varios pes of mitoaip pach nd lt antes bn been dicused in Gaps ough 7A futhate compuion of ho sof ames Se gh in Table 7.1 ecm Be en frm thi eth both eps be linage ad diadenages. Micoip ates ate 0 aig and ito ean hve diflen spe tecangulr, cr ang, {Sn Lier or cee plaratn san fe shee by ely changing the Kad jstin, Loving ofthe pth can heated 9 obtain da een pean cca pao, changin he ion pater, ad ne iM anal On te eis ad, anton cn proce wii trator ton: A ineresing aur sca ie genet neidh ecse of tidstinl an, lc tenn at es eve (manfacting tetas compel wi pach atesane Se oy ‘hy shge a 9 Ustoanen diay) Figen ef peti Won eee Gly Pi Mari Ate ed Tins 2, Deemine te amoun of eration (A515) faa (8.20) forthe ‘ype A patch ram (621 when the patch of pe B- 3 The ees ofthe eon the atin Be ee provides oad rach aes quimerwmelngthtansomer ante wl or machin psp. 4. Depending on whether each pe of he enn is pe A orp ‘heen of CP canbe change by sich the ed se. ‘Aa ds ample singh fl pic with dimeavon = 9.14 enn on ‘he sabre with sikeae F= 118 mm and 2055 dense fr bach ope A ad B perurtatons Firth yd Qy andthe alation ‘ficiently emus sane ck # ped a gue 219 [1 The “aloof Qgatt= 18 mmis fund fromthe pha be 2K nich oon toshectieney pexceding 90% Ae Qp = 28 the pores ofthe pt thm segnen (A875) cn be fod fom Fie 818 Fr ge ASS) 2 aod e659 for pe B. Te al a ves quency a shown in igure 820 (10, {432 GreularyPoaried Cieulor Microstip Antennas “The configion of cular ptch antenna and i el sytem how in pure 621. The fed aye lcd dag with vse othe emuton pment Soa othe xe of gute patch, he dian s a ae 40S 5 sajee | E i hed o 0 05 10 18 20 25 igen etn eine vem war ents Gr (18 tc Hae Rear inn)AR(AB) 7 Om oe (0198 Ah sole Ty wil be spurt ot oe ebuprldgcned mede by Fesuruon pment The amas llth sme pros mdse Inte pour cio rs ue pa sii ay CP ph sin sn a ingly fl cmp pc sel Pe 7. The ‘slowing pcre we ed 2 fo=fo( 16 oats fi fol ~a105%S) Kesler 45%) f= inl 459) Ge) azn raked Mone dnas ond Tainan 8 (9) Sundar eh (ryee-t)_teype-2 (0) Chaar CP ene Figee 82 Sema digas ecole ceed lid ous run ol sd to rer Pea neg ‘oun Pr 618 Pe Pop ented wn pion) ee y= 1860 and the fd ange in dee Following 2 procedure Trier dhe fr the rcanguli exe the CP radeon comin cn be “Termine fm he suet Gros Fg 8.17 ad is ge by eee (623) sae ere Qy the unladd Q etar af clae pth n desiring (823) ic $B Sounds the fi over of spprocimason, thc Qu, = Qar™ Qo The of 25) for [AST] vere Qo a shin Fare 8. I nec {Be din pred of singly fol CP car micsep ace can sil Flow she dig usin of gl fl CP square pach, {44 Dual-Orthogonal Feed Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antennas. ‘sofa ded techie i the ont det way genet CP eatin fiom 4 eure or dela patch The eo ogame equi or heom Msp Ans Oi Haest Gall Pb Miri eae Tipe, genertin of CP canbe simlnculy ce! sing dal-oognal Fde I desing pth i iat mace he eine byt sppeopisey ‘ein te Fed location or og the eo peace aston The two feds te then cooneced tthe op pons power dvr ci ‘thick provides the equredamplade sed pe xan. Varios ope ‘omer vide cis hat ave een sere employed ed er OFT CP puch e dace in thi eto. 3 {041 The Quadra Hybrd ering to Fguce 8.224), te qudrarre hbidit «Gore new Typically she inp rar por I andthe utp a por 2 and 3, whe or 4lpveminued ns marched eral, por 4a be the ps nd port 1 cei le oar in por? and 3s gh al[* deg of mer. he opesion of hyd bt att when for SUistinchangl wh pra 2ond 3 Th a propria gues 7 lpi an be deduced rely ror he sein ma which ie Be 29 2 =F 0 ' me ears tr Win so pore | tnd por 4 t matchaeminted or ie ne, depending te ‘esl seue of CP rotion. The aura rm ors 2 and is then a | {Be puch The signa eel nampa hrm pase uadeae 2 port 2 and 3. Mismatch athe pach wl etm the sorhing Ind = or thurs god mach is maneed. Becta port? and 3 re uneoope, fe lation general exeding 20 dB, ao ane berwen the ouput Concguety, heal ro not dpa ‘A dB adnan hyd canbe denied wing the xtenions of = fou-por diet couplel power divide [25] The carter smpedanes Z, and Zp of «queue wasn shan apd sees rms ae obtained o . Fine 8S sip lt etl see cose ona tn (fem 18 Eesone Lees Reed wh perms) Fire 86 Tinton es hut ta acai cn ‘oud pe rm 9 198 cre Ln apt wah Gr Sema + ont) TS hel 06 ef Banc te seh nc iin ne dr py eee an a ep Te ‘roerarpents yey fel eae Se le ery The lr cn be Shel taht lnc elo Sele eho Or tig nt Yop = gc.) onA asirmer iw eo doce the coupling of th pach o he miro ip fal ine Te tue no ths uno i lated om he Aen AV owl ole of the fod cap Une, ta i srs AVIV, wre Vp the or sage The expenson for nf Bie iii er xpd in 20) Foran inte stipe by = MBSE Ba on ar eg [seats sar * iat ah ere Jo) the seth order Boel function and by «hoe Ea Goal 9) byte em eal 610 bavlin B= bo ean) Hote (Weems Bs Zo) 6 the micsip ie paramere and (Wa, egy Hg ci ot in pater Tang int sxou hep tinct a the ming opel wh of gh ce ipa inpelance ‘the atnna ath center of the dt gven Lg pth omclBal 2) Fava PmentPald » Seng apa + B= Oe ce lowing oto for ean Dy abe a ZB o13) Frat ‘hati icening Lees ¢ dete in By and the reson Sogueny eee “The npr mpanc bed chi single wanumion ine model i compar in Figure. [1] wth hat fh iy mol (13) a he egal “ution appro 9 10). The ase has en ound be good ep Tra ery lho resonant eguncy. The vation fap smpence Fe nt gece oo peracid ren pth ate ‘ent qe 48cm dBm m= 254 N= aibom, A om y= 28am rom ab Eran Lose wich alg show ia Fig 98 [16 Fr dee alae egth eben aed. This iu shows ha when these nh mal, he pth is underoupled andthe eon reatane aston he churcee impedance of thf line As the so length ieee the coping he rounan reitune, an these ofthe lop nese Asmar eh bvered when be ane subte ichge dees Than ae ge Of reaper and eacanc ales an be oan ty adving the ape length. The scene npr eacance can sob djs by changing eu Teng scoring 3200 Be). “Th anand as been xeded onde diet shapes of couping ape [171 Some of the spear shapes shawn in igre 39 {an be mode es by the wansmision ie moe! In thee sper ly the tavee portion of the alr coupler to the pth ad ine. The Inniuinal point stndto sean ey uioom ele diibuia inthe manwene pron, The unio he el cere coupling without sn cena bk radon. Or apse she thas ie tioned upling ate ae shown in Figue 9.) Tae ae dob shape and bu {Pseaped spect ht slat pen co and dus ania ai eld the ends ofthe sper 21. Chip# ste Are ai andoak mahedng of ier Aen | pre 8h Vea tpt inate on suet cust i | flslegh a Aen bo3dem eu 28 h=0Wem Wa OI5Sen sre yb #raem oye 354 We tH8 om 2 om Hom 1 61 Bacon eae Ret noon) “The pete ain fir diferent shapes an again be bined om trmomision line thy. For ample, forthe Hahapedspenare of Fgwe 59 one shin (17) Yc 8L4I2) + Yon BL I2) Mg = 2 ow Yes Bonptaens) Hie, Lsand Lath lps ofthe langiulital and anne potions sf he Hahapd oe “The tmiin ne mole wel when only the dana ase coituion of hepa lien which te fo thin obras Fr ‘Bik subente the er figher onder medi he puch ad the ape Ist beindaded for impove cay The dl expansion model Scud ext conde higher order odes ‘943 Modal Expansion Medel of AperareCoepling Inthe mel expason mad! 18) of pert coupling the prc i modded ‘sci te mri nea na wave nde couphing between Fipre tus waren spe stdin aprie-gwico wtDublin of Mire An, so ‘emis vas mapper onthe pete. This madd ill in anv an improved equvlent crc ofthe ace snd the deg char. The vy de is diced in Chapt? and dhe planer meeps = ‘Sted in Appin “The quae cca the aperurecoupld moa aneon sd on this modal i shown in igre 9.10 [18 I casi of toate (refered wo the do cee) repracing Yous titan tani sd tsfnneeprocnting he nung Lerwee he eine a he pra ‘Thetin awl he tanovmer deerions he aroun of nen pel ance could in seri othe mics ine Here, 2 the pened Stub impedince tee slot ene isthe antenna amie, sad Ys the Mince ofthe coupling st. The mitotip ate i dell x we Und Z, in the edie From the uae ea of Fre 9.10 one obs ZerZi0Z, 15) Nets nt 9.19 “The tums tomer by m FO), hat nem om 2 ea rm © 98 RE ape hp and 4 “ogcnBal,* 8+ Ry, B= 20Yeq iy 018) er the nb length ish open-end xeon and i he raicion Fetiance ofthe open end. The ale of ie ied in (B71) and fy UGisebuine fom (277. Zo By and earn the mirsip lief he a The senna or path admin oan (18) (ate —aa aah be =) ox eg cette oa 2 dente tha the =O, = 1 tam i ede The tive dimensions he etna prc at dented bya, ad be Chap and to ‘he cle dlc conn af he senna see ae Appendix BY ieee uly or afte pach sco. Aea, BE Rear wath = ola 2 1 form =o aati 623) Storm 21 In this amtena, mgt caren of the spear i mame to couple to the magne eld ofthe pc an the coping rice gen by snus [forsimnsttosy 2)= its2-Ip-pt teal ™, i for Fs yl 029 baba 029 ‘The sper dminance Ya sen by the fd i obined 2 [fronts] Yee bS gt ——— p20 Orem xed rs fue : oan where the cw sccsionl re fhe planar wei model fhe mie ip ine (1, 3B) and, epee the aperare (Ly W,) Al, with Ielstece the coordinate tom of Fire the Bld dato in he Paar waveinde mol of the miso lie decd st tueea[tersea]ealgto-ms ma] 020 Hee to _ 02) th pm ex Be 30) where th ine pecmiiy ofthe mic line. The int imped Tree on aperrenaped ectanglar pach anes chown in ute TIS. There bared on he modal epson mol show god agreement ih hse bead fen he ine ention approach of. Asal si inthe waonant fey of bout 9% 1 need 18) The mene os ‘tlre 13 dB in nthe pane and 208i the Hane — 20 nematn oS incr Sed) 5 Geta ipa i npc an pep ego ph ean ‘cnt Yessy. he mtr preter sn Fae 87 (on i KE Paget trea) Of lhe paneer se ee of pre leg a een lied moe ‘fil. Dain sires forthe rsonat Feeney sod omar estan 2 aman of sl length re laced in Figures 9.12 ad 9.19 fr te room| lreqencisin the vic of Sand 10 GH pest [18- Ameana aeee shines and patch wey Bare slr prams in the gc Noe thar resonant retanc nays ices withthe ice in ote Asean arent swe hicks, ighing that coupling of te patch (othe feline inten, Thi end iim th ober in Fg 98, “The sesonan quency, onthe other Ian dees wa the inte ‘oupling hee fhe landing ft rc byte peta Ala decree Jn conan sane can alms be obsne! by incsing te ach wie “Aerurecoupid puch ements rein many ofthe eile ees of ‘mode Landed Mp Arn ont Apis ‘ate Cate ig 1 Beedle las hd hee eis posible bei fr ens poizaonsbovnot et ‘ay sighand cel and lfchand cela single els Ti Shown in Fre 10.2 for 4 square uch atenna The fd slowed along the Sugpal and the soning pint ae laced along the cee nes, The Potton of he sig ide by the con of he shoring pin a {in be expe on the basta change in ronan eqn pce by then lt he bor fee ior 12 See supe sama win pre poss ig tr arora © 18 EE Re wn ems“The sq patch, without shige suport both dhe (sO and (0,1) mor with etl andy reed poltxns, The tonal fe que for both he moder the tare, Bes the ed poe ised slong the dag tok he moder ae ect wth ql spc snd pase By ing sorting pi ong the cere 2 Ge Figure (02) he oonnt fie ofthe ) or osc ode fan be aed witout Meng the ter mode. Theo, the de wt ie poration fer ‘canbe sal by sii the root equ of ued ede Tar above tha of the deed oe, The sued age quency it shined by pling the shoring pins tot atthe gs the patch shown inthe Be (Circle plrsan it bine by exing both he andy plaid noes withegal ample snd 0 pha lle, Than bacon bang the rsonat Begun fone mae phy oe the rad persing aga ay berm the wo fue Then be pat itpeins of one mle is ndoine andthe ether mode capucve Oy sijsing the dfernce ewcen the roomate bch the mde ea beta wih el amplae and 9° pe Stren “Te pur of pos ide the pach tr etna funy fone the mas ol Fae 103 [i] hows he ese al eof pe ‘puch amenna a he epson beeen» pir of shoring pos ne 3 —_ ie 13 Meee tl rs nc fs si far ere ch neo «Ton Repeat an © HEE gets oman Lae Mariya nd potions ss ‘When l=, te pos athe cemer and hey do ot aft ithe mode Bests the mods are exc with egal ample y he aoa ed ‘he pooner oented sng the ed aga When se = 0, the ronan gue of the wo ms let sought ssn» pa ‘irene of about 90 ad the sneaa e elry pla. A the pons fe moved further spar thai they spoach oe oper th ‘onan een of he verte plated mode further iced and ‘he plain of the ates bearer Boro ns ih ge al bs shown nce figure The lar impediner of he cana hangs i the ‘ovement fhe ps, Dade VSWR remains good for l eae of pie ion The change inthe sma equeney of mode with sh cra odin ie dacud i Sion 105. ‘Although one pos ales to nite the ronan fen of any rnd, ro serially lead pos te ol 0 ta the anna a ‘Ftymmeric with ropes to nang, a the cou platind component the alain pte deo landing is muumie The showing pon can be tala by murownesvithing der for preciso of the resonant Frequency and plan sviching apples. 103 Frequency Agile Microstrip Antennas Freueny age micrrp clement ae ements whe sonan quency ‘Sie adjne vera we ange without any ttn tenet pence rredaionpacern The reonane foeny of micstp steno fe ‘hanged ns eumber ofp The nude ethane ng td decele tuning Un pines ace lading othe ph antens ll oe to Ghngen te rnan esuncy.Soe of ce chngus hat te een ‘ed ae tboring pin or ot ou abe Serie kn cet ‘Sind dope cone, Pi poss and on pe manic tuning whereas vrscor and swcing ddr endl i the ph td “pial otal of PIN doe impel an be ed fr cetoni aig ot eqn gly of he puch senna Mechanica tuning of tteoa es dred in Chater 4 The gurney ae stenna orton tig ered ne 1031 VeracorToned Meresrip Antennas Fixed or abl apc can be nd eo ange he retonant Fegueney | 1 pach antenna. Capucive lung lower the seman hequecy. The oe of raaoe diver abun fejeny spe np sense Ws ft eyo 1982 by Bhar and Bal (In th appch, two mato!Ades re embeded in she pch uch shat dhe pmmeny of se pach ‘eine: which ental so minnie he ce polation component 8 ‘hetatason pase Congo of hi pe of antenna sown Fe Waa A equency ening ange bra 394 was ached pending 00 the ide hrc od he psiion fe dd the uch, "The mechanism reponse fr the change intone Feeney ih the apie eee Bs she diodes an bat be explicate Fron 4 Drone wi te ein mini ot cnc wna ‘igs ate Opal eg on 8 ls, em © 1B Lael Mii dns ond Apion sn taka ofthe pach, Conder the quale su of he doe lle fash shows in Figue 105 [3]. Het Rap Lye 28 Cy pre he limped elemenr equivalent iu unmet fh rcs nd Lay the ed inductance ose withthe pote el. Thee set parame of the dnd ne repens by Lys Ry Cy and. The anton cpuance (ofthe diode we 0 tne ut a ct educa ad he the ronan eee ofthe atena can be hanged Aste reve bis le | the diodes nce, she neon cpaciance Cy deve nd th sane Frequency of the lode pc ince, unl eas thao the vend fc Th tuning carve, which aml iin shen n Figure 108 Ii. Furher sir have sown thar the ciecy af thi ype of sea come cin of his othe cde [5] bear fhe power diated ‘nthe dor The efiiny ais om 99% a high tvs Bato owt 50m a aw bss AS 4 ce consequence fee ede eency ofthe tvs he nar rneation of the ph decease "The vans loaded pach aptenns ca be deg 1 pete a oo asl dfeeot quence: In = pace desig by Watshoute nd Sly the ectngulr mics pacha designe route 21 GHe (6) The ‘rior dhde were peed af 03 and 07, he Lhe eo eg fhe puch areponding to 21 GH Th ling by vce seed in dal equeny operation of che antenna exp in Stn 103, The Tomer nant fegtency cold te ted tween 390 and 60 Mew the ‘sncor bar changed fom -25 10 1. Avro ede pis hs ten ‘eat an element in scanning atas [3]. The Salma ine oq 1 de ee lm | so Fw 85 Sine ssa cat ts be a iy eh es ded th ‘rer on HEE Mert wi rieFine 8 Toco saad cng. ro TWEE ped parson appoat ha sn acl aca peo te inplance nd raison ‘Eisenia of doe lode puch 1032 Optical Tuning of Patch Atoms Pic nina cn opal ene er arom quency rng of howe 10 Ml A schema fei speogh shown in agar 1080) (7. The tncen como os th and 2b joined by a opal contol PIN finde When the PIN dd renee ie, a a0 pen ic ad the reaman queny of th antenon conan a of he pach alone By faward ising the PIN de ote lee of he ot cu he patch fnudshe ub actin ander and he combination eon sower Been. By prope mining the PIN diode wih igh he Ge impedance an bean fom igh salve t+ lw value. The pada change in inde ‘peda wth ight ny can Bese ose dhe ann Ta ond ‘Sime haa Dinan of 1 Wlem rod in 5-MHe down {Sed shi son ene. ae Mind dpi 104 Radiation Pattern Control of Microstrip Antennas In geet. mir antenna produce 3 ymca devaton ater with elon the ren Tie bee inary, = ingle mode dominant Som plans eq at omniirsconal ation pattern withthe ma fm patton Higher or moder ina cial pth or anlar "Tne be edt obsain mina gun ee orion: Guo ea [8] have tock ie (0.2) mode othe cele prc, Ba he she ofthe antenna may eo ler the 450-MEs Hand. Zhou as popes a pin ded ale fing compost ssena [The pscety of hs anna shown in Fg Tobi Te amenna ined ns suhace wit c= 20. The ome Ulam of the tings It cnt he inner diameter e585 om, Without the “boring pts be stena weld sera se 18 Gs, wich times the {Ted quency of 90 Ml Pin nner teed protean ime site w mel the ipa impedance The sone fein i adel 1) moving inom the oponte le of he ed point Nene adton sera 450 Mitte pelo Ege 1071) fre pound plane ameter [Pop 9, Ween seth the ada pater semble adil pacerD Suthe matinum ration ond te hn with meetin ada {in The mamum pain above dhe ground lane 2 (ter pose spans of del miroip nto ice wide soglempedce conto prove the sang ange of Phased as ‘Wheious hs sid sev shot patch confguonsconsing of lip posto deagn an ay t0 oti minal can impdanes vation Tee ges po 80" i all he a plan, ven when hick subseaes tne wed [10] A hybrid contgurason coming of thee swching dds ho propo "rac wa els in msspaniomiscan be sipreseconsdenbly ty suroundng tc amen by phot Bang (PBC) sats 1. The he srs te Basely pede one subse, To sve subcate lies msrp anna aan be designed on PBG subsets [12]. PBG Sct adr adbntages are dsbd in Cape 105 Loading Effect ofa Short “We know ta thes of sting patch can ered co hal by pling {hor cco ie sto lect eld ine the ober a bing abies. Ts feces» sorrel quater pte as used in Capes Te odacon of thar ine ce dso ad the antenna base they ee bing laced he to le lt poston. Further ection foFar (9) Geass str pinoted ar cin. [tune atone fh tna pet om sine cn be achieved by pig the sors a ther postions Leading by an ‘Seana shor as ben aed fue convenient means of eg these ofthe nena, fra ean operation. for change oliation, dso on Te fil dances pce by # sare are ery mle | ‘Sure and cio be dense singly va perio ce Hower, te ‘fet om put ipedans in arse ca be Svcd by x shat nde. ‘Depeding on the plication, he shorting pin maybe oe the do beeen ine lhe cy Angle song pin ats corer feta ch ge ie the nama ection nthe seo he eon -_ Loui Mii opiion “The simple may tie «shor in pach amen iy isting & via hole ora mel pin joining the path mealnation ad he ound ple "the dered location For inereed lading fe. one can es ener 1 pins oe rhe or ame ip usualy a the periphery ofthe pach “Mitowae vthing dade may te ted fr scone cnt 1051 Shoring Pin tthe editing Edge Aen of pment pe edad eng pp Sie gee oat epee erated gnomes SEIU Shs ps hr tn a ae CpG Intelsat by he tes PePlat el te ans ene th Te Inuit lar cobs ed SEUSS ari aye ns tr np eke STH cp etn pl an PDN ee Tae mn mes el cnc pa SST Tit hte ed oa ec tog Fest © ® sd) reer et rom © 10 EEE ped wi peta)then the ig fle tino and hepa os in ey cs the ed “Theron fore ae fhe stl cabin pot Inne pach compe sl ste ofthe suman ofthe oda eck down if te pos oct the pepe oc he el 10 Fala cig ate apie of talying al ans Aachen Ives are wd tte path-po fncton ante peobe pach fueon fo este th cet sto ee pl een oprah [3 Te FDTD ceingrs berer sted anaes bain eno sn base itis modt fe and can clot co i al ground pane a tuhnine Ne, we ge he el ane fm the lls pens ‘Weasnetathepow slate on he nda edof be ecangar pach antenna x= Lb one cn hc gh ig fe a te Pons Caide a gue pach wih L= W465 ny BL td Er= 4 3.and = O02. The ronan jen bre unaned puch noppe indy 135 Ge, Lt the dunes fe soning pin an probe fed Be nm ad lcd (2275 rm, 0) (205 mm Opec For the ‘omputtion of da the pst wan aden inducer on nd taco. Two na earns she fr i cont The compote hes se Se 5 Mir and 1901 CH andthe mena es a 2 ME apd 67 GH (When he pt elt he Conmeof the puch st 2279 mem, 2275 mm) and heed moved to {07.75 mm, 2275 wom) the computed resonant feuds sunged 305 Bite and 1708 GH, rope The med quences se 381 Mie and 1717 Gs (17) The dc fo soa nyt he iow tanue shat 20%. ‘The vation of mer nin fue wit he tet ofthe pt frm thecentline» 01 plein Fue 10. sho hat hi roan fequmey devi the sot apps the cme af the puch The sonata set when She sor led he ernest ‘Reiman rec the of the ate che in hi pation of these Agena he oom fqn) now decried ye eset of he pach the thn he lng The npr epee Fehon equ pe Paka aon ‘That ithe mont length ofthe pach cotagoning so she omer seenanc is appoinaey eal 2. + W]e nse of Ee te Tgp mode. The guadatecurenedaasbanen onthe pe een shown io Figure 1010 frais ce. The puch Genin phe mit he = 4 ‘FF SST ROUTH CENTERUME OF AEC om) Fre 9 Yeon lone stat este of et ated miso aes ob cen a ysl We a Fg 10.10 dh he caren Eicken ch itn cn tt ft geese She he nd dese aay fom ke Soc he inp ra s dened Shea af slag nd caret be ek tw gece a the np festa wl be msn nest he tot poson tnd cee ey Hen arition of age sane with incl eparion betwen te hor. and fa x poe in Ege Tot. We cn seth the npr oan ‘Soca aay fm te ad ree the ed shld bee os {the shor 30 ipa sane. “The impedance VSWR < 2) bandwith of heaton plain Fig 1.12 inctin of he soe psn om the iting ele The mdi ofc ise fs orb blah eal ces (fhe abr cons he nen aces bec. The Eyed $Earaton patron a he anew he $0 le en ee 13 fo ch pot the crn ofthe puch, The eta pens heGR Fre Vara qs oreo he th on ome Oe paneer ane sans ew 18 #90" pine are similar howe inthe = 0° plane Beas ofthe Square fpuch gromary The ruler ee owed bea igh the cpl {Er shen he pow i les he corner, The high va of the cow per component isnt othe patch erent deat of Fue 1.1. Varason of eosrpobr lel wil the positon of posi plowed in Figure WL. Te coe plr component ond decree a he pos spats the comer line Nore th the sabe aed ohe example Ly tind D0: thew, owas he rations tena cae ‘eis with pose psn are mach ger ‘Arai ofthe rie pret soe shows ha adn by post cn ed ec these of mics aneaa Howe the Se edaton 1S xcompoied by eel gain and tandwith, iced voonan ose Loo Mian Arn and Spin te I var gt ritans wth nd leon whe ot et and coupled and ih lence fr he feed pose, The compat Frch amen deserbdn Secon 10.64 orcome ths defence. The ‘row approaches ed ince ticker sort fir rein the bandit pore coping odo one impedanee mira Bowen he ed Ie impedance snd antenne impedance of sipesat Ines he st ofthe ane, ad soon arti sa of dk with sage ost ‘read orn 13] a keane the design of a een “Techniques wo improve machi eae aes ered. Asmar ‘the eae gen Table 10. Thee condone indent of the puch tape 1052 Shorting Pin onthe Center Line of he Patch “The geome af etngulr patch nen with shoring pin on the cnr ley shown n Fe 10.1500). Thi ing suppres he xan yom = 2.4, Gs made Bees he i ted he ni "Sse El positon coepondig eo hse na, For theme eo che‘OFFSET ROM TH CENTERS OF PTE tam Fie 12 Vein ol rns nani i he tn ht en ee fed probes laced on tein ofpmmeey- Thi ype fog podus ‘lowe ena een mith th same plata ad canbe xc ‘ih pod marching wg single probe fe! 15) "The vation of two figuras and un aio wih soning pn postin shown in Figure 10150) er = peal rang puch amen {13} The 10a vu os andi ofthe sea ound ob beeen 149% and 1.8%, reset. The Sie ection ofthe antenna the Lome Frequency i roughly 26. A feqeney ai between 20 and 3.2 bas ben ‘uined with edie antennae anda and higher cow-poliaton Teel inthe H plane. The reduc in sac and ina the rene in on Folios leelae be characte eaarrafoainghy ashes debe ‘ler The cou polaron level can be dace by panei aig of the prc, heap iw mei with rope the yaa wd (saga 103.Atopiied anno ine mada ihe al colo erven heading ends a ly Shar xpi clover aoa fqueny i The mde was ined by Segapeatobeterepain the reaonan Frege U4. ade Minaya an Apion w ign 8 Eset Ean ats th ph tt te = th {tet tu cone espn ene FG 1 106 Compact Patch Antennas 1081 Conpoct inary Poured Antornas (ne of dhe ais fran hese ofthe antenna fr we in ekphone hind for mobile communtone Genet of roc cmpat mop ‘eas are gen st Figs 1016 and 1017. Da for thee scene ‘her pevormanr at sted in Table 102 (21-32) The dts gen he preter oth leaded sone ‘We an fom Tate 10.2 dat varus nig ive ben eared todeelop compu ane Whaat ing the gin oe polation Feoomance In thi rpc cane pas asena wth» soa the Up ponds the mst compact ants witha elaine ber ce pletion Teel Then ofthe senna can envy peste hudng Howeesre arta cn lon el it aot eee tata tle iia tte ila thls ‘hens te rader a be thot sy athe eein ee em 4 chip rior nae antenns can yl» compact aca with god bad ‘id bor the conf ded pola ee ro plain in some antenms by symmei nding (3) Tes been one outa theapplaion of mabe communion ‘anaes con-polirton so mur concern eae oof he Bl ty fe oP.F106 Sens 8 ony pind retin, wil iit of he ge af he nal oud plane within se han (13). Daaleguency means esrb in Seton 108 cana Be lcm cena for ofteton #3 ingle gun 1062 Compact Cela Polarized Antennas ira polaiation i einen fr uti communica and com aces fs dese ature for bie or aon appt. Comput ae Mir ts nd opii ey = © 0 e217 Top vi se mie cng aly alr lor ta cli pled aneonas canbe seedy stating wih the sly Folie contrast Chapter 8) an ating chm wih sor andor Sic Further cnpacncs can beached by sing age fe teeby ‘limiting he nel ar a exe plsier ach 2 90° ba sul» © ood Mir Aere ond pin ame aa aMany design of ing fed cell pli compas micmaip acne hive tear. Geometi of ome ofthe sea show io Fe 1118, and bt description of ome of thaw antennas given bel (a) Laie Sue Rig Te dng fs guar ng sina bed 90 hee sha is comigatin spp degenerate mes hoop plaeations, ie» sue patch atena (34, Te ae of thane Souler bene avergeccumirence oe sntnns qual one wees hac thei of his antenna cn be roe ely 4 quar wae, Te Agency of he ote fed ete by wing +n tying she gute ing The lode ing sntca debe a [35] employe 1 ratow a fe 65% min one of these Fg 10183), For these wh ¢, = 44 and» 16 cm the nr desea of ances 22 at he ote dncson 1 30 om. The ene ney (ofthe anne 2180 ME wk the. al rab f 21 MI For compan, the ney gare ach oe 30 rm weld hae ee Feguengy of 2518 Mite (8) Lae Sure Path In his antenna se sunt patho sth pie fait ote the ato ee Puce 10180) For Snr pechamtena wih ~ 30m, ey=fceand 1.6 mother Fequeny 2316 Mis: When sh anes ned witha pa ofc of Ste 10% 1mm! and 9.2% I mum the quency of pean deco 1849 Mia thay about» 205 ection sn eueny wih 438 oi {sin (36) The 3B sil ss tnd ound tb nealy 24 Me Comal pad rl exon A sda nena wth uperie toning decd in 7 (Shor Laude etna atch Th oc of ey ue pach wih four yma shor shown ip Figure 108 (38), The sens at Fel a poe aang the capa. The etn fo plo sam we sas eat 25 Gie Thiessen ar aparf esc lilting sched pach ance Forme mode bane (i) Ciraler Pach Iaged Wh Hybrid Fok The gmesy of sis mean i shown in Figure T0182). In hic, compactness bor “chit by inegting ee racine coupler ed mth themiron Sl {391 The amen ws digo to ope at 10 GH on we wth + 239andf'= St ml The pr ed erring ‘ed teceing land ighhund rly pou ae The slaon eeween ammlcre por at fun oe ee han 20 dB ont 200M band, (0) Sl Loded Gcalr Dis & car dit loud with our sas lee Fgue 10.8] bs been developed by Baar ee [26 ir cst Postion. Th oniguracan simi t tha ofthe aad ue ae Mado Api » cay in ce fig 8 Top son sone onMise tin ain ans aed Mirai Ann on Apion eeo 48 (sn Lael Miya epovion 8 puch ans of Fg 10180) Tegner wed 3 = 2 EULSny Tou be 1st am Woe ane od eg 22d tan 263 nm The mas oman gone be ‘hemo Ure na noel ge ‘itil mest rt ecb "pl a's GS hc a tl cos soon ste nga pe 0805 a pape iT em hea eee Ba Te tg otf ee lpn lig aga Sighs Th dso isc ng cn cd las fe Steer tg bp. ra yo Bich dna noah ik cog sega These toe, Foca mek by Suga ang Cony somes cs ete hac te he ok pin Siphl fos fds wen hata Asay led once nga Sekt wng 226 helps eae sor Fem mal ce amt ah te eae ‘ti mes rely ear oma ea ek Sit ten The pnw ear? oe The agi laa T5908 lt wel nt S09 ae tng Pa il Cr hh gle ving spe oo degen Tig eon ede Ca luo fos Erm cen ony tno a snes le pcb ep bee ‘Epon ln eet lage fe mon mde cists pr he an 0). Te deen 2h nt ‘Shennan tence Th hn eee ciarect ain of cag pc occ stacey ft! mia TH acne in Poe 8, ten he Ee pec ape 1080, erg fs sels! pedi antans bby nal be spe SS sig hee pi he aa eee ‘Shae tye he Fe 0p Te iipnC gro RCP ad el fr D esc 5 Eitegtnonutoeenta samme Fe Ancne Saget nme co dat 1% empl he snows thou caer 1 Tanne Cet Sip dma is ne oy exe teh saved cin e's re er aioe The one sow Howe Wey rs elesse Se ran —— Jaume) Sime $8 ete aera) [eet we eu Sai ia | comet with he omer soni fl bya probe, and she upper map| Soup tg 4 long arn oe inthe omer mirnsipm shown. Te con days beer than 8 eal arg bene 43 and 18 GH The ‘burt pret te ey= 22 and b+ 62 a 107 Planar lnverted-F Antenna [A plana nse Faneans (PEA ie» pot lned camper mise fice el by 3 probe Tei elle an inv Fanena Bese the ie iow of thi anteans shown on Figure 1019 for ait dete wie he Ice thief don, Tsuen haben sgl or mobilephone andes ben of i compcie and ow pole [43], The sae of PEA sh he potted ts comer of ectanglr ple can be eerie Zproxinat fow 123) oo 00a) 7 where ithe velay of ight, Land W ate the dinero of he lemes Tn he operating eqns. The ae of te senna ean be Rrher a alll gore Fre 8 Sie ew sre are HA, ‘sled loding Rowell and Mich have eedoped cpa dd IFA sitter jel communication sere (DCS) (20) The anenne bara VSWR <2 bandit of 178 Ms cnered 31798 GH The epac (he load ie 1478 pF ad the ol vlume of the antenna i G40 me We SS eer in Secon 10.5 thar» rection in the ste of the aNenna {companied by niece impedence ee The euingipdane mac Ing problem in hs cue arene y ang 2m fed [4 i whic he pe fp landed bys die Raing» sie mach se than that of he fico. The dk decromagresely coupe othe aang to plat: The tte of the dik its ditence rom he op pat and the loco fhe poke {designed wo shew impedance match, The epasily aed PEA i ‘Bown In Figure 1020, The apace loud ie veaoed by fling he open fd af he PIFA coward he pound plane ap sraching» pnt purl 0 ‘he ground plan) wo produce 2 pl plate capacitor Input impedance ‘toe of PIA sneer 1nd 2mm earn bern he eng, pie nd the Fe dl se shown ia Figure 102 [20 The np mpedance Sorento datene desea withthe seputiondatance. “The PIFA amen is gener mound on 3 sll conducting box sine he metic cove of han aa or ile phone applic hie Figure 10.20, The anaiand design ofthe mounted PUFA ate ‘in be cad ou wing the FDTD rchnique deste in Chapter 3. Sone fhe ether anatase alt pate the er of the bax o the o Fi 028A caactony dd Psa oo ab Sv at Sone ati li PEA wn om DB © 1 ep emaiure 10.28 (45) Asi and deciding ave ben ade rte anon ‘igre 1029 wth the Bias af the antenna mec thee eee {ie the han The ep-yep design apeoch pen ow con of rig with envensonl PIF ihe cic ad pace fe ed hela emore) an he ad athens one by oe (5) 1. Fo pie Wp) «(25,29 mt ys = 4m, ad de = pl sd the probe Fed daly connec 0 the wp pl the rman, Fequeney om se FDTD ana 2.2 He, 2. By ofeing the sorting pi fm ding $m the rooney des 195 Gi 3. Cape od is aed ne. hough pce lading can be toe to ec the eieny sight to 900 ME ne design Freewed by author of 165], tbe equals cxpacance wed it 5 preted ing a = Ami dag «2m A dk ode robe fed is ao ded a thi stge wil = 13 rm Hy =p diya 2 mim (0 provide 5 ged mach vo SOM The ew rote fcquncy 8k GH 4. Thedtenow add whe en tp plo ec the een fer Whedon tea eee a bees Side View Fw 121 Cogn lt de PH open nt 0 bat om (2 0 RE epee peso ee ince bec the ese a ow rn thet Foe eey Sonu inne iat hogy the ronan quency ued Ckarew by apprsitely 39.4 at of size 24% Lit floc slong Be ene he top ple, se roman eqn il fetuce @ 14 GH 5 Fly he nena i filo wih a dic with = 2. or easier sri, The ew rane Bequeny bec 940 MH The impoance nid fhe new PIFA i found be abut 7% 108 Dual-Froquency Microstrip Antennas, Io many pplictons, operon ne or ore dete ands wih an aia, ‘cpu of bands it dite. In such ces pc anteanaexabe of ‘fring in lil bande ight dsb, Ope ofthe tmpleneneions al bein eh fom of oo or mare pices lcd side by de ce Fae S31) or mated om tp af ech ctr ce Figure 9.10 silanes ‘ciatn a nal es oft antennal bd Teyberued nave sme polaron aso perm. aa hundvith Charani ean dee co have one inp por aan abitay Ceymaton ofthe fey bad Al of the eitomens ios eee ‘Sharan onthe of irl modes Here, we dese soe echiqus ‘ouch dol egueny oper by modifng he aur mods, Compact ‘habflquenyanea ee deere nthe next sion An exalt ew dal eqpency antennas ive in (4 and ew of echnguc foe bal and cally poled microeip aetna aa in 47 “An anlar ain in he bode diction en ec in the (0.1), 3-or (3) mae. The eons for the mvs can be je teboaing the inet ander ai Howe theo of ere gms amen ited [98 A chage inthe rao Fequncy of 2 rau ‘rode cn be schered by prope tang the me, There spe to pascal ane she operating quency of these mds independent of oh ote. ‘Wang and Lo have wl sorting pine and oe in cen patch to onan dl uence (The (0 1) ad 3) dese he ‘tng pth te tnd Wut tee mdse he sane plriaon a ‘emi satin pcr. Inte alee sxe the Hse a of ‘hoe meses 5. The concep sed by she sed om he act ht ‘honing pine! the nol ie (0,3) de wl as ve mah eton the moda fil sbi fe chi mae bccn ve tong ft o0 the (0, 1) oda ld Tho pe th rete (01) moval eucny Sina, tbe los are ci the path where he maga Bel of he (0.3) modes masimurm, they an hve song fase (, 3) moa fed without dsrbing much se (0, 1) mod fell. Ths he epening Aueny ofthe (0, 3) mode canbe werd. By ing bath pn td de the een i cn be varied boween 1 aad 302 pew of to ‘ta equency atoms i shown in Figue 1024 (8) The ad probe Symmes pliced wih perth nonresonant diet oa ven ‘odes like (2.0), (4 0) and 30 om are nor eased. The cri Rl wat Wed to dain the anton The reangulr patch pune ne Te 198 mm, W146 = 262, tnd 0001, he iin, and sy yo= “Table 10 suatnsthe design Fr si ay, From tha sls is seen that in gc the sb can lowe fan shige an rae fi, ‘king ina vation in Feeney ro fom 3.02 «031. The td teat or bods adem pinay these ht af he lode buch ta i the radiation pana he pp quay i+ che oked fatem. The inp impolane ean vary widely with heft oon, and Sot iit bun peace matches fr bth te bande Te nent leben resmaraon pt the spet andlor ect 1081 DaatFequeny Soted Patch Antennas leispositiet achieve das que apertion of pu antena by ading ‘widows ony. Une he verona pst inthe aba the Bian nes A ann liso © 1 EE | | | | Leaked Mir Ana on pions @ on bgmksem: g gs f Seer eee we Fe on | proconofdecs compa wih nen itscnon chal. The ldig, ofan nanan vical chlo of nam geet os ef mans phat ih pt The confignton of ean pitch antenna wih i of sn ca dos inthe uch metalation shown in igure 10.25 (91, The stan, ‘Saperecopel wth mioaip elie The pial behav of he ‘ltd antan canbe unde yang Fo hci dl dion tf the unde ecanglr pach, The excel mods inthe ant depend {hte yes poten fe ad By chong apr couping wh Siren mode so td eel oly the G0) ae Faw 2 Conon ned ni elma apein Fomdoo dd Mi Aon A i: employed in praise dhe 2 0) made pada a ode ln ‘he adaon pater shea the (3 0) mde produces tng abe ‘When the pte i ad bythe ss clon othe raining se, she oe do nr nigral changes (0) saan gary td the eo oe : ocd radon puree the st nthe cree am Goce ieee Hower. they so imac withthe (0) made Ava et he mae 3 tur lb fs mode eaten a he ote eet abs ao a cS CU Sipe moe Thsigbi ht he cre dun becomes eee eG tetti. |} inn thao the (1-6) mode anda sind dan pate apse. The a sa laing lowe ihe roman fem forthe (0 ode. ee a “The eqtecy rio dpends on tna of doe he poo ad 2 fees: t i thes ep ic te mans Gos of pach en at SEet eth Bol Fincton of lx ptn showin Fie 10.268) HO} The Se with wi: ‘ i fare ben Bed som nd see ng ac 46mm. We ine from dit 2 yds ‘ i fore oso natal me he ding ee the patch per he Hi See zs 4 Tome enya ht he dng ef of he oe imam fil Seene Sie Ah poton of sna ogee Bd The dice of dx lenght oe cee ee Peel gk Frequency rio own in pre 1026) (9). The angele of he Tip se. ste 8 ot inrenen withthe dt lh Sree ssp owe val of HP wees piiiis. | fs Freqseney to ni low cs garian, Seo 62S as Figue 1027 sh he arent dos he lower a pp eos a swoon Teqienseswhn the aing el imam Agee Fo tie Gf psc cnet she dig Sinden porn fe pooe a8 2 7 ee ae = 7 Beene Hi ul roan a3 uf rs fot ae 1 oa % i gay if sensei tetaetyam yet id o © ET i Ahem ea oF sp = Weg 3 14: iy mgs Wigs vm = 08 nite H {hr )= 2m Bi Voto oF let ea p= 15 3 (1m So ara on i(1,0) mole ee Figare 1027). On theoher band theeisasonginfese | feos on heuer dstabuon ne the (3 0} made roan ens (se Fg 102703) making ths dibuton very sar wth o he (150) mode. Ars camequene the cope radon pte tee pet td lower Fuente amon te me. Radacon pans athe oper Frgueney ate sown a Figure 10.28 A sina uy cai ot by Ns sal 50) and hy have oad Fogeney tae beocen an i So lating slog the nonradating eg as ao tea el 0 cbsin |) snl dal ngmay opin. "The geometry of his anna is | Shown in igre 1029 [Thess employe ae eps whe ep ‘eo W/W, i aed i oder ovary the quency rato, The quay fio cap be varied oven 123 and 168, For cpl antenne wih 38 mum We 25 mim. b= LG mm, ey 44,1, 18mm Wy = n, dg» dp=l nm dys 22 mm, and Ws 10 mam, he ro gnc se SLDLUr™—~—r—CS i | rapecey. The pation th tue fret slain pats Ze ao ida, wih asim in the bone det. The iene fo fi or be mo moder abr 25 Bin the eae 1082 eat Frequency Dus-Linarty Polarized Microstip Antennas ial polation isa incresingy porn equtemen. Opin pc amt now lw olin of hore of 10 8 be che fo het frlaaton, i \frwo orthogonal lin plariaons separ gues a ured, ‘hemp nea fr this eager patch sean he dg for extn the (I, 0) and (0,1) ad, The quence f tse mone O fr «piv lod (11. reais dat Ra <0 which isobar Soe peraing a np rear ue a proper ‘he condo, Equations (4) and (11.5) we te stady-sceolatng tondions More gerus even canbe ound ia 9,23) Foronellisons {2 bald up and sabe a» ead val, ci equited, a the sll gpl eel at (18,28) Rol Re aun Eganton(117)and (1.4) spy ath inal se ene eer by be devices move han the nip ery at he oad Talo hececilson obi up unites thease where te eng robe tbe doce x the cory dispel no od RTs posible ‘enc [ty [vas nish sh the plea of he RE caren and gue Theenctaing eqeney fa the ese can be deemed rom 13) sich the onto the ce tpn. ‘1142 Active Patch Antennas ltegrated With Diodes In hie secon she dig srple of 4 rangle patch antenna tg wis Gunn dds [Ti fie deus. The cheat dlagram of the tena Configurar an it uly ananision line dle shows io Fue 11.6 Gena he dain gal rie ypea nepal nen st produce thc bight rdaned power onl The antenna deen procedure can be ‘tain blow 1, Dessmine the anions dnensons a he det operion = ten For gick uo, aus denn equations pbs in ‘Tetercon mronspancenna [25,26] ene spol. Commercially Seite mame ol ch 2 @ENSEMBLE 0 hb 2 Mach she device impetane rte ane mpeace. tice sup. autchingcrcan beatae. Aceon ofc oplogy {Su dpe om depo tone cope and ce polit Fanon pater the compen of device nero, ana paca hes devia» pcs 3. Proview de ie seu dh wel aed fom the RE cc CConiderasnn shod ako be gies pla rein Iniimal depo onthe antenna raining caters. 4. Ve dispaion and heme sling may have «© be considered Aepeding onthe per lee apd be send aplaion Het {Snipa i inprtn igh Fequensir where devices els ‘fico a i detson rs Design San “The dimension he patch anenns,Fgute 1.6 (a operating tf ca be (alse roe tive ~ 281 as Ae pa Mari Asa a Fire 1 Ao abe so ats age wh a oe: Shoat rom et aaa oe at or © 1 Mowe where the veloy ofa i the eg ofthe puch amen, ade [ake efecive desis consant of the mini, gen by ety” oy, and Ali he ine exemson given byoe) ic aas0 (on) wher hi the ube ihn, With patch wie, ad the icc Cops ofthe alate Ung the eaten ie del, heap ple tee othe pac arena spin ve by tye Bean Sak tae Bane) aun where lth propainn onstant of he micron ine, ibe chance “Mosranc ofthe micros line and Gand Barth tot amen conde tune andthe vaating edge sucepance, reget. Eger (1.11) ca beer spies for he pasta ceo GIYy 2 Land IY, |v cop 76 Zeb = an) “The ol ondacace Gincades both conde and musa 1 140) Mase) «phe (Lo) = 0 Under the conions gen, ay dinubance inthe cc wil sat clon which gown arpa. The growth, Bower, wl ie Byam cbc Ache cron nen he op gain wl dere tunity at which sendy sare sation sone. The ating eeney willbe Serine byte hae characteristic ofthe Keak op. Design Procedure In this ology, «pach ancenna is pad inthe Gack cae of 20 tpl The puch il ct smancoly a4 tiara eqency ‘Gane net raoaing he del oiling sone. Falling the ‘laon pcp doi sb te dtgn poceare can Be ama Bea fle 1, Design a amplifier ith machingnewors an 2 pose edback Toop the deed onlin quency. The eck lp ons fram ine nds ene adecie network tha sae: the ollaing fluency. The lop gin and pase ae ity Searcpcondstans fr ection 2 en i (1140 Phase of the fel oop ean beaded by» edn ine Design» pth fr option a he cig quency. Deine the input and the opt estan onthe pt o povie To ‘rena o the fick ine Nowe that be amen inp pede nce wil be med by laud ae byte steno he output en 2 Design se can beeen nse to se onilon conditions Design Sanpes Fes ave inate puch ects mee dig by Chang a [42] (Sings deg poco smd shat atin shore The FET sive patch ‘Solution shown in igure 1110), The ae pc oclate genet [power ouput of 17 mW at 7 Gio, The E-and H pliner pare Ine ene alld by expe olor cae components a shown Fipwe 1130. Ravn ta 43) read sama ave iterated amense ects () “wo ect @) W sane from © 1 Setonce on E a Abid Mem Amey ” clr sing the spline echosogy of Fg 1.3. The bit ci ‘mies quter-wanengh big mpelance ie nd kowipeance pd ts prvde DC RF san, To cpacor ile the edhck kop fom {and spt he inp an ompu as vole: The Redback reed Sih SO niin Tne, Tae design nee mere (1) an elo {ign and (2) pach negation nth lst deg, the patch cpa by a gitar 500 lad repeeming the puch reance The olor ce opted fr [Sur & teh Input fos god mich a |S] >> ith er pe it 2 the opt to ty the tarp conden (1.0) [ie ige 1-326) Tir ey he eg of te Fedak ine car he wet adj Fea terophne si Forth pac tegatan the Saad eaters the mowed Enc xt the ame ction, the 5D pach put coed. The SOM puch opr concer the oe end of heed 50D Ee fea {ssn of th in i ancl et quiet the elec dace ‘aver th int np of the patch inadg th gt of eon, ro mae Te nal rou af he ave nated patch ole "how igre 11320). The eu eae how ht the ace tena tll ac | GH, The aati pats were no ooned: Howe, ce ‘he active ca crponen snd he pth te late fom each cher by the ground plane scape theugh connecting pie, the Se sould hase ‘nk eft onthe econ pases Tosn and Ben (4 dese yikes equations fr a onion of 4 feedback sie imepyedsseana wells, io Fgue 1238 In teas ofthe opimum inpur a arpa ample volgen Ve [| the dg, Vand Ys te opine or masimar ed power (1.33) a 3 i F131 Acc ee path set ia naa. an 1S Moment wath rmanInput » ee 2 1 sce tg te ay a ron 6189 Memeo sal opt peeen ee ged Mir Ana “ the dese opring fen, which cnepud to the maxima poue utp paver ofthe onlin [5]. Thos eltomis ae Sig nan TEBE HBL Gay Wel + ous wets tyes wun wre and sa ted co) and Veoh rope chrcernton SFE, ‘Active ingatedanen ocilitor do aot have tbe ined ote opal dicuned abo Ober pos onBgusson oni of see and shunt fetback combinasons. For praiclappitions, cosideaon a) include compact ue, Sbecaton cpa and minimal inerterence of ‘locos scorn hace, Dein pclae en by Johann [37] or Cho ea 5] canbe plied determine he optima telnet ror ca, The cigue mployed by Ran (83) ean be wed for seo negation Tn ote repel design usnon singe pach since to mule FET for power ouput nunc Biklnd and lish (6) demonsrated ‘oan fcFET inept wit gle pach ling he peal ode a shown Fg 1-34- Some sgh dear nthe Eline pater tthe dng ph wh ome FET we pore: The cow pol tr wee Found wie IS 8 bow the main be ndening be wel lance nationoy » Fre 134) gpl oan a oT ct Grom 6 80 of the FETs Thee dei wee developed wo enhance the op power of {gre numberof paces spt power combining sar “evel fice mat heen in saaierinn when deging ative inegated aeons olor, The for ince ooreron iene, bil of eclaion, and spears purty of the ou Cones eieney i dina he ra of RE onpu pone Yo de np poner Foe the Se input powers lower ala of commen icieey inns moe ergy ‘daspred inthe fm of be. Asable lator ors that he lio svi err oi endy ate afer pening slg operation dsurbance. “Themal sabi ie cary wo mine the cane ofan lor ‘up powe eel ud gun bcs the Jvc impedance a fonction ‘fiempernate. Spc pay inca hy neato fie wih he Sct device To apatns, an nla can Be jenn lcd by 35 ‘steel RE spl or atchoiain ander iaproveren of eal pa 114 Theor ‘Atom ‘and Design of Active Integrated Microstrip ‘Amplifiers Inthe previo sion te device ae inetd with micron patches { proce evel by peeing the cv deve cer ual egos ‘Thsvincomentte he operon ofamplier ype scence mise anna where sabi of dvs prequel oil The puro incr ieron of pch wih snap produce Send ampifenion fr tnamiion ot rein depending on he patch ition fm in whater nthe opto he inp pore TH, net ‘tunes th ete un of» patch ough sling by he negate conic For ransison apicaton he design oli achioe high in ve 1 bad bandh Fr rein spines, the gal ake ood tee eon and eosin Bees Aras of ieraion ffs puch wan amp inclde nw fe and compact nena dle Feeappesonn ace al arayand moi and tie communications Varn: CAD nar coe sale or migowae ager design Inne ar rctmmendel fo beer crysis HP Ei rina ahd ‘tnt ewan ci deg, However, he aie eign aprach ‘ieucd nerbsth advances sing the opting pane he ‘rp. 1144 Anas and Design of Active Integrated Microstrip Antenna ‘pies In genera desig of ie interated micrnp antenna apis il allows {hedegn pcer of mime eansnr apis with mics pach ‘Sing aoa fo he ranumiing ce and sure impedance Br he ‘Rectng cue The bac deugn pipe of micowave apie sed on Ueasiver Spree concring the ai aby, and noe Fire ae bry evined blow, Del disians om the sujet cn be ound in trove vanced ex for ample [18,47 ‘Agena ck gram of msronae ample eu ic shown i Fge 11.35. For any areas, Zs he comple Sure npedance En! 2 i he np polis fs mizoip sen Fs ecg ses Poa Z ae the opt mpc pc nd compe ad impeinee. Goin “The wanes poner gin Gy i fin 4 the ato af power dered 0 Th had Zo power le fom the source [B18]. Gain Gy an be Spend in cs of Spates Ty and 0 Tiel sf [= SuteP Gro tats 5p = aoa Sang & —i— i i i i i oes Ba ; Aine be Mp As = tere i) caso) “The rae gin ofan ane aneans can be define, flioing the standard pin entree, (8) 640.8) = 618. 8) cas whee (0, 6) ithe yin of pane radiate sub ‘An ample ido be unconditionally sable i igh <1 and Fag <2 fer all psive source and Toad impedances. Hones, if Ha] <1 and Fl t (se jae IF a wannor fi uncondosly ble, che sabi cide need not be plo A poenaly une eansitor an be abiiaed by nee sae Fesnie lings athe expen of pn and oe performance (8) 1142 Speciod Gain Activ Integrated Micros Anenan Api Design| Fora asiing ative antenna the design goal is 0 chee ther se totum ain grin on ver broad faith Homerton onsen gin dgn proceeded nt ton It hen lowed tps dg pce fora eosin exe whee he ds bjt sal ‘0 sain the del gin ss minimum re Bre. Constant Gia Design An amplifier wth pecs ain tach ipl design when tanitor isan dee mht [S| pip mal. Unde this aspen, Tsang ede fold and asouce pce. Tetraneoce power pn Gy, (1-8), fede the uate owes gain Gand | ren by = 63696. whee Gs, Gy, and Gy te dln a ive pin fc or the inp TRahing acworth tans andthe opr machin ewer, ee tro The eo bound of wing Gry ited of Gy determined fom Gr z 7 as) Tot Gna wee illSalSu ls usm Te isa O-Hef) ie ge ip Arr oy td Ui kaon heel Fie of me. The rr bound can ewe © jy where end asumption cepa ‘Normand gun fc and ae dfn Gaetan sun feta ih ais here Giggs bined when Ps = Sy and Gina, wh P= Sb, Fon Specie les of Gs and Gi, Ps and yin (1158) ad 01.59) eprom eso he Sih hare wth ener nt ai gen by a 1=0-2015a iat ISP) 10 g31SuF - sh 10-s01SuE ieaitt [Sef T= 0= AOS A connant gin cicle dvgn i suvent to deeming mahiog nerves and fy 0 poi pope smahe fer» geen of the reed in Gp: The Gign proce an fe summa! allows i) aus 1. Chance she tasvon Clete the ee bound eo check i mise sumption i acpi 2. Chesk vansor sabi by leting the K and aos, che temo i peel unstable sy rege for and To ented by ploing she oar ne nae iy ci om the Smith char. Only aes of Fad the aly pone ‘ed in heaps deg, 3. Poi of sand onthe Sih har tha corps fe vals of Gs and Gy, Peand Ty canbe sae fom Gand Gt ler the prod the died Gyo.4 Desig ep and oust matching neers to pie the required Fan Ty The arch anenna inp inpedance cs a aan tothe ‘ouput mching neo Fors compact deg, patch ed race inte mold to pode the reed impedance. The pth dig wrote ate deed opeaing equ. When » natal snpin 6 wae accep, mere camped ‘nara degn wing som tribe power in cis ay ave tobe sppled. Deed ican ofthis rode ean be fod i (8). The ‘the dan ecg fc 3 sabe ronan microwave mpeg he ‘implied lucy ecg har ao ben dace in 49, 50, Deson Samples Achematc dara ofthe inet civ micosrip pach ancanaamphes, sich ca be pe using he poet oon ta isshown oF TH 36(SH, The mcesip tennis poke fee puch, ease (on 3M Cush of ticks 05 mm with ey 217. The patch soa ‘ove the giopd pane wih ax Eau spacer of 38-e Bcensd j= 103. The pach war deed Yo unt the dant eeney (15.3 GHA probe eed wart coupe enegy mie apie ue fort he path The amplifier cet consid f «FE, ng abd ouput ‘Type crip maching newer apd the patch acing a oa the ouput "To improve sabi, the FET ipat and output were termite with ssi Anctl [SI] =pphed microwave CAD packaero optimise the ample iopu and ouput matching nerwors, Menedtanimuin [efrmanc ofthe atin nd the pie pth nea in ig 1.3 hs ‘Bat he amplifier provides extra ain of 9.5 a che cece eee of 9.3 (GH The pain ane of 40.48 Boner 398th center quency at yo ‘THEE pee 36 ie sa ln aig mse ete ph stn Fu ie aed Map Aarens FREQUENCY Lok ig 157 Ge ven cy hata at 9h 08 pa ao ra SL © 8 cron Ltr: ape wth pres) sched. The ave satenmaraaon pers werent gv but they wee epee ery smi othe paste ae a dear sopaogy of Chand so coupled avenged mico- stip pach antenna FET ale reed «coplanar avg (GPa) dense by Giles ea 32 show in Figure 138. Thisdagn wok avarge 4 CPW, which lows cy inepaton of FET tnd bi cree without nel foe vit hol bee he ine and he [Bound pln ron the me level A FET mance i ti op wih the pte and din connec the center spf the CPW. Det aon of np and our matching newer of he amplifier were nt repre ‘ceptor healt af the open ied tune o camera fr the mtnna nace, Mardin Pipe 11.39 tate he gin Incase for the ative over the pase antenna The increase of 7 dB inthe ‘tom plraton lel duet the radon ofthe wana cy ae been aver ‘ter opel bse ben report in which msgs ampli re ed Fr moreaineabnceene Anta 88) docs heated ‘ncosip amend sing maltsage amples. A sequential deg approach ed an che mpl rel feucny technique nt pil deem lables muchingnerwosks of smplifen. Aachen diag of he sie imegried rics untae Wil ea, mpfr shows i Fae THs, The mene nme power gm wilh ames ale of 24 dB wae Achid withthe gin Baines of 20.7 dB over che fgoccy band of 285 (o 36 GHe 0 21385 compared to 12% banda or the pave patch™ Seep aun Duag Hanonk 1143 Loweose Active lnegrated Micros Antenne Amplifier Design tn cing applicions of active ieyated miceip antes, low-noise tel the deign abv sins te dina ce ‘the nie peormaneafhe overall ce. Usual it nt pmb so ithe the minimum move gre andthe matimum fan sindeneoly Daag deo five to be made berwen snd ie figures hich on te dane by sing conta ain ad constant mise Re ies, Constant Nose Figte Osc ‘The mise Faure Ff moor apie canbe expres in ts of he sous eecin caer Fy Py tty 2 =I + ry FaFaas one wher Fis Rand Te te ga a he aie pate of he dvi Theyeankc appleby the mansfacuscrorcan be deine apemenely. Egution (1162 scare osm Tate of Fad note parce Werte FA at ya i rr) bce ic he ose Rie prmeetn the omen plas, (1.63), ‘epee ccs of costun oi figs with cme an al pes by ce ue ee Typical constant (1.0) and conan nie fie iss (aL.tiin the Fy lane a shown a Figure 1A Teisevident om Fg 1-41 sate mania gin and he inn igure cot be tained srlaneoly. Deg competes hae to Tease bree the mi fg ao ain “The grea design pode for nae ave neg mio scans ampli sl flows the ouine deb forte ansant gen ee pel Mirae w eles ol cane! ro 86 1 Prec al he Ret eh doign Homers nthe plane. 4 ef conan nie ge ine fa 0 be plowed topetir with 2 ef constant pin ccs, wich ele inthe reqied noe gate nd gu an hen sel he pl Note ‘hat apc aca cing apn, Design Samples A doiga simple for sre patch anna nt with x lone ‘unl samior (59) shown in Figue 112. The configuration mas ‘ropes by Raber eal fs compa confonal ative acne dei A Sei Block dg of chs ace antennae depicted in Pigute 1.43, A [ope we of sade om conan mie fiat an cons in Eide plo Refringo Figure 1148, y= Fy conn the mii oie fate dspn which cxreponds wo se minimum oie gue of 118 dB The equal Ts ms veel by modiing te nena sete comma a int feed sown in Figure 1142. Ths approach rs Ina compact eign inc the tamer a be ey connect the pate without the ne rs matching torwork The active egal nena hired the meted oie figte of 9 UB and the ample ein of 548. The measured E and Heplae aon pis Figu 145) ete not ale by the patch maietononce = Phas Ae (a) Wi hth i MUON; @ 40 pe. im © 80 Moen 8 Rite wi pom tem “These vasious yp of mise (22, 54-56) I is secon onl che eign for wamseodcance mite (94,57) that ate aeable for dic tere wih» pach am a fqn Gnnesonsype ate aneans Eipten Dizon i alco a FET ancl ier (38, 99 ttle the FET simataneuly nce 40 liar apd» mse. This Toul in conpucnes a he epee align perormance to the ‘Soe when jt eal econ ued Design felon mies ‘ng die on be fou in he near (5. 6 1151 Operations Principe of Tronsconductance Mixers A model of «FET wanna mie i shown in Fgue 1146 [89 ‘hate th sali sumption, he ein ae apron fo ‘Taye sete espansn abuse opting po by ling igen a0) = entry 0148) wher galt the wanscondacce warform and (she gate volage For fd vale of gue soue bay LO sgl on the pate source emi oul ins pris sconce fring) withthe use pend of | (Sellaion athe LO te Figue 1147)- Four ses xpson fg) ie & suntan ne rs rea A node FE anc in on 5) © Se Hsetm fn a oS < Fai) it) Lef pA Y 2 HY Bese ovate taal EY ae de oe “ “ Ms WN pee AP Tecnica nn FE reve om A191 Anes He, ane ath pron) sre ay denote the LO fequney. When 1 stall RE sig TA) = Vengo applied wo the pe the din cacti) Boe ee Hence, canta il Seba feueny componen Jo * ne sre ks lite sume, For por dws conveionppicnons ‘hess components ay oy te unl the deed op ht he te bemainied fos god converion pn. This reucnent cn be tid tyra ga Sa cpio where ancondacane gy get td oe sent is odltion by the LO (57) The dai is hl ache level hac keep FET in crenuraon The conmesn eine father improve cone matching ofthe int RF gal the pt. 1152. Selt-sclting Mier Active Inerated Micros Antennas Agena schematic s-slsing mer SOM) issbown in igure 1.48, ‘The ate comin of on incon RF wou, ipa and up aching erors, FET performing bot function ofthe LO and the mie, a Yin and Yanan I ler. ® cop ae aden Vy fo a seshing cs and In Yea fr amg ce “When he inion ou connec te ilor inp, ci clled ‘roms ng bing Odes, ti kn 2 reflec king es the injection sure othe op, Un designing electing ir ce Feequeny of he ejecting RF signal equied oboe the cing ange tm preven ihe LO fom ing nto ack he RF ign hu deprving fhe nie of the LO power, The amici, locking, ange lp # 80) i deermined by 58) (8) a oI | where P and Pathe fee uasing ous power fom pt and pre 2. Tepes P the ae pow om the inton suse; Qa tthe (srl Qo th lond and Bite angle mae by ls —Ys nF ee Ine and nd ope inde in Figure 11.08 Fors wees wpe, Ihe aig ange ca abo be ound fom (1.68) witht» Sco (G6. ‘een miner may noe geeste siienrLO pone abs condo ‘here the eamcanducance atone. Meco sal citing power ‘Bo increas the eking singe efor sed ted pve Pr “sone eg roel lowe une sive neal ane ‘sts However thes cndon bs ob select pride fod LO ower and oie ming iy aeDesign Sampos The concept of «sling er aie ity pc aca wat spol by Ci ca: to dep nw alla apne pots ‘ppbon in ctomunieaions snd ontacton ID seme (0), The base bldg block ofthe tanipondcr conta of «SOM sie puch arene recner and an ample sype aceite patch ates tastes "Toe SOM sane puch reve down comeel RE IF ch ten amie and reid by she acne patch air. The dsp | ti actie path nr fle the deg frome or die in Seton 113.3. The FET ws died sd pte bed net pinch 2 ha the seine puch faire 4 sdenlting mie. The patch lio wae Signal wo resonate at 14 GH, The pth simseancouy aed a the RE Injen sour andthe source impeane fr the xr cat. Telocing ‘age codon ma echo prove he xiao om bg ijn lesa othe RF- The selfanilating mise dowercnvened Ha GH RE Injected a the ate 8 GH TF, whi wa xt ote rin “All harmonic ruling fom he onlin ing po wpe by an F hands ler. The IF signal wa then dad bythe shee ive pc atena, which provide un 9.5 a8 be eum. The design procedure of the venerated otc apie war decid in Secion 42. The tanning pth was degre wo roonnte 8 CH zd served a ado the ampli The mel omer por aad the eanaponder eign References 1 Yok Ad 2 Rag A nd Qa Any So ‘Bor Cnn fo Wy hee YS [Na J Asn Chg neg Ae de nd Si Pe Conig, Jak Wy Sn Nee 1) Mra A ae iy At nd pl ro. IM tin J.T ek "A npn er IEE Pa Mane Tey ad Tobia Va Mi 8 pms D1 Na SPs nd Ny Law Co ad BC RARITY Dag Sema {HEE Tom Smo Thr en Toten Yee MITE, 9p 18 Aan Mee." ti Ine een Tei Tea va MTTR wean Mee Teo Pines} AK A Hus K Chg, lg An Bs Mmm 38 Pp 11 ww wo om w) we wa na 9, 0) a a 2 eu 2) bo mm bs Ate mae Mima i et BM. Mla Egi, al ol Ja Wy Sa New Ye 198 nj Cand) Wn Ope Pwr abig Sel SSc Mao 36 bpp FES Ce ano Sy a oe ‘Whe "hie han Any Tea Cos Ping eo pI Fw tanned gps, Vl APS 19, 9p 90D Soa Sees" pl Te ep a Bind Sry Ma” EE Ta nan ad Ppp RRB 1 pp 9. ‘ig, Uy a “Ae lpn Miler BCR Pa Ane HEMT oak Ie ie Sy po Miri BD R.C Canpo. "At a scot Wi (ela IEEE MTS ne op. Dp. 9.00 oe Ze at) Sin “A Row Me Soe Aion” HEE TFS Mie pp D8 p08 ‘epost Tot Morne They nd Tg, Vol MTT AS, 98, TiS Qa an "A Quai Opi Satan SA hig Mier ‘hs Seno ores Cf Ep. a cy Sima Pr diigo Pr FB Up Re oan Ly nt 8 Rr, Sour Mi Pre OD 0 san. hr, Mir Sid Se Chih Wy Sn New i BB Niner Ra Ein nd pi i evn So a Canis hand Nin ions Ondine (Gini Bd pone Pa fl th Bp. DOS a; Mo tr Cr nd ses, Wh 8 New Joan Bai, Moti An Ho, Deda MA 0 Ian) ef. al Hen faa sD en iF. "Ashe Map Ca Pah Amen Mime a 3 Baal Demi 7 Sp "Mofi ea Pe On Seve on tn TE tan Rp ap,bs sv ba ws ba bs) ba ca 9 bs 0) ws ws 1 Sicha anemone Mere tit en tg tos ita i tte Serta Ber era ake nt est Sohail i Micjuse Val 7, Feb 194, pp. 8-118. a eel est te Fi yd NRE one seine tetra shaban oes oe mae Sept Sones oe stier Ieee een te a a ey i ct ot ie ir pn nee erat ee at emote eee Seenchhcha tta erties ere ieree re Suey ecm To tte iy Ain id Mino Any » se ele ete et so tiriniurnere petra, Mame Thy ond Tce, Vo METS, No 1 p10 Papieicneriericmaen inten pasts aati onera ee Paci cntlin ce yO sac renee enas hg Se sn hi ed Thay Trig a MTS, No 1,984 p36 Eg boasts wanes ore wang VD and T, th, “Quail HEMT and MESTET SA Oiig ep ab ates Sa ‘ite can” TEE MTS Mv Srp Bis 1 A12 Design and Analysis of Microstrip Antenna Arrays 121 Introduction In cri pplication, devel antenss carers ny be she ih 2 singe micip cent diced inthe prove capes, Howe st in he cae of convenonal icowave sens, tse igh fin, ba saning or senting apaby te pose oly when dice far are combinedo form aay The dament ofan say may epi ‘feud wo orm 4 Enea, plana, volume say. nee aay Sms fof cme acted te dances apr lng 4st line. Sl lana) hs cements diane on aplne de volunesray bene ‘Barae ded in thee dimen, ln pac, he mony pe ly ‘owen depending onthe ended appcion. Macy eclet sex are malate om sry theory (Al ence doy innot dicused bere. Ini, hs chp one n na and desig miosip pach as. Vaioups fay fed ste ae fist discs “he lowe by ste alsa sign proclare ft micron a 122 Parallel and Series Feed Systems In poe rion charac af a aay can be dermis te sperare dab tow, Te ample aed pve dian ach Semen wl deemine fom tented ppstion fr exanp or ‘Side ed bean eine Te men of xcaton of th rein mettre dhs an ese and nporane car hich at be fly ones | fo thar he req dibuton lacd Exiting methods hat have been empayed ed mii ss cn he eter prea eed which ss geome ther ‘han to acu equen ui, The pute corpo ed htt ine Input po and mali fed lin in ul! conning he cup por Each ofthe fe es termite a nda sing element The second peated rem thes ed aly cons comings ‘tansmiston fine fom which smal proportion of ene ae progreiey coupled int the individ element dpsed lng ee line by vss mein inceing proximity coupling dec cuping, poe coping, ot aperare coupling The sees fot consties 2 wating esa ee el Tine terminated ins mach lod, os sonny ithe eration an ope ‘et ahor cole th sys fn can be ed ar copa wih ‘heading cements oi scat tain line le The ed nwo in ener ave cen dil cance tha rust be ceil) monitored in oder 16 minimise any adverse fl 00 {ay promt The haces inde onde a dlc ae ‘ter wave land spins ano defo dann sch Bede junctions, ad anne Tho acre te ever iron lo of the Fed eng the matin een gino tb ay 1221. Parallel Fed for One and Two Dimensions One-Dimensional Paral Fad ‘The fundamen eonigton os oe dimensional purl fed consis of {branching nemo of tay power divider aired in Fg 121 'S cotpoct fed the mon wey oe por ed caf, For 1 anf apr tribution, the power coy apa ch anos owever irene power dvr cn be chown to geen peed lettin ars heat tthe dite fo the np pore eck ‘ming clement denial she a psn independ fie fe uct he ed broad By incorporating ope presets Sine crensnne shown in Figure 122, hobeam den cane coi “The deans of th type od ta eqs long enon ies eween the rating ements andthe pus poe, hens ee meron I she Ferd nero ca be prbibively gsr hscby eosin she oe ‘Fency fth aay Te the dein al aang men ae mally ent ached ‘he fed ier by apropate ed eupling Sign or by ing ese ‘efor: Fora smal copra eto, hemanerof tg| Fire 12 fas nedmesns pe ed mea Syme cn clement i whet ica ine otherwise, mayen ed config Som a shown in Fg 1218) hie 0 be w. The symm copa Fed nero lio thee of ini pomer dir fo prove win apereire dbo, hey reducing the mumbo of ier poet ie ‘eed. [ppc the T junson ox mai anism ithe mont Stile wed der, Quanerwavetanomere te general employe 0 hin impedance atch he nee, Eeexended ole sae with specify somone prs ann {omer configroe th anol number eens eee, ‘hesymmeny’s los Dire pone ideation thes eared prove ‘fom spetedstibuien,asers lin ens ne ‘wn tt goer rae) psc Pom © YP A wo-dmensoa pul fd wrt hat ben se in de design of ‘isotip puch amas oma thin subete ¢35, 38 and 6 GH town in Fite 124 [, 10). The overlay tiny ar the 35-Glie 4 = ‘lene aay ws mend a 77% 9}. The loner wire abe eric Ios, copper Ian ed en mac, 1222 SetesFeding of Microstip Aroys “pia msi aaa shown in Fg 125 ow op ‘aking elemencsangemene medio raped and umpc ye Ho, 1 te the unanpseday of Figure 12.3), the element pacing "he bop eam is Homer, fr theca ofthe ampere a - ac nd Aico Mop ron ma Lo wo ely | era Lo ee el we 23 Tse pr ed eth erin) gu 12,0, sh nape ng of 80" 0 the ated ld ewes cet cent de othe fla of the eouping mechani. Censqurny the ment ying fg)? wil produce 1 boeigh bam (12-14). Ae 2 ‘ete sanponed aay can provide beams over 3 each wer ange of ‘Canal apr wbou redocng grating ke Tri dea fom Figure 125 cha the mami of fd ins issue han srk the all coiatin, wich muy be trace when the ove UE lieney needs wo be mime. The daadvntages of ie pe of ed "He tarrowInndidh nd nett beam with egos dow wo the Inerion phase sift of the pach fo the sets conguaon, Howrey {popinteadaene of te ptt ofthe ary the Beam gua an eee hw, Resonant Arrays “Theeqieen cosa esau fod ayia igute 12.6 represen ding less psaily spaced long fst ine ea termine nan open ‘rao Git oneal r+ Guanergude wasclengbayond the at fading sent, especie Hen, he racing ad aay apen2 the oper cia he lax element. The eemen opsng ca be eer hy ot 1g? depending on wher the clement rangers ofthe steps (2 iacttmpoed ope The raat edison efi generating bre team The VOWH bandwith i nexy mato because of i conan ate Sal lesions Fo the raliting elements sl ad up and oli high ‘stra To dae deme cing eter 4 Ay fr thermos. in doing ths pe of ay, the npr adnianc ofthe ay ae ual he cancer adie he ed ine (12, 13] thatlel —+| by tae aE.Tovaing Wave Arye Aseria fd ats the aig war ype when se fed ine emt ina matched bod tals he eal ery arte ladle Ala they the ay an be designed whee te radiating lene ao sees 16 ate la fr beter opto fin. wn i Figs (2 115]. Sinr she sonar ce alating lene ote ed ne ck Se ingen the uncanpesel o the eapel pe wi deme pciag Ago 2, spect fc brome beam These pang in a a luge VSWR the inp dc to an i-phase conning athe eons {ase by ec clement ln To nid lage VSWR, cements ne ‘paced sigh dient fo yor 42 Sede ane om te ed ne 2 raving we, the beam pas gs with x huge im eqns. When the ls ag the line mei, the normale conductance the nh ‘moc eed fom the ic cn Fu 128s gen seo (2a HE no Be whe he ery in pn thn it ope ‘th nde nse i as Taper ied ed a a Te e127 Tr cel spe jonah whee tthe eine wilh of che ead sip (ce Appendix 8). Othe "ean in (128) ae defini Secon 12.2. Fors = jt epee the {Slnpedance tthe Sng np por "Ar decrmining te cei on tnget By (27) the Z mat fr cwo-prt icon patch in be dened with appropiate lca of the fo por on the periphery af the patch een Elev vals he patch ‘dimensons we wl forthe sition ofthe impedance at nthe Sowe ‘lelason Thi es fom thet tht th aha be tated a can Wich eee puch dimenions equal to 4b. The elltive wai a eine! fom ent of Appr Bo The inp pane oF the coi sere antenna src en deterined y ing ms he inp impedance of hela cle, which fier cseing though the connecting lin, etm lad Zo the et seen. The psn then epee al he np impedance ofthe ay bins fxctaton Across te Ary “The exon atch element deri rom tense a he aad ower ofthe cement [1D Recon a ck anton ta ethenesecon in the aleltion of power aaa oath ator The amide ‘loth at cack lent canbe dain rn aed power Tis ‘cele by deeming the mrmaled adit concn ss Zo z 9» Be shee Rt the radition reseace ofthe patch came, and Zo the ‘Shara impedanc ofthe fed ine From the inp impedanee vison teach menn the ees caliente ath pn ca be dsm from Zoe Zp ree 0210) Zee nee Zig the input inode a he wth ncn and Zp i thee Tneorintexonnecton ine peace The power dtd by he th cement inthe era cn be elated fom se ener expen rn 2 fall — geil Bed mn) (6 X= P= IaP) = where gy and for gen clement ae obined fom (129) and (12.10. “rsp Thi pe of ection provider» nat expend pe du {oe eng, The eee earl eve fom he elemento the [Seertr cn fesse to be small in he celason of the power rated yen dement “The reae phe dinbuion som the ay determined om the inwerton pine due tthe pc and connecting ine. Fom the wavelength incheprth nd he ed in, he ical eg and ence the a ae fan be mated a exch ment ofthe cf ry, Once the spade nd phase teach element tom, the ation ater Found fo the Salad quan fr try rsd ements 1242 Lina Aray Design Wit Capativly Coupled Fingers Inanote ara confgution, engl patches afl by mean of a ‘he eping slog the ronan apr st shown in Fp 121. The cui toch lenen fated by the gap eewen the main ws ie Ind the lain ofthe seman ee the rating cement This ype of Der nk Amps of Menai dnt ry = Fig 21 Uap ences ener ce, ER 1253 Fst Planar Arays of Printed Diplas Tes known ht oid pried anenna cess cin omer sigan tment ofthe iput power eo ste waren Howes fr iain ae, fice waves cannot eit except te bling angles wheel the int ows convert to suice move olen no aon fo the sy. Argel his est a nersingquosion abut the ro of wie wane fon fie se aay. To aretha guction, «Sie sie aay ard slemeneblement ning de omen med inde eel domain 3 The gromary of Geary of grind die town in Fgae 1220, The die ae aed be aur and ence he te ol he ‘real caren, The Geers Rincon abd other rate eons ae ideale thre dn inthe prev scinn. By apping the Csi tmomene math oa i ad gl eunton Fred by eon the teunday codon a anihing itl tng i Bld an ne ple srs tbe roking mace equation i sine 33). wien «2 rig nd Aas of ny ts Ara 19 eet Canguatnoyaa ayo dps on Homnd state Gum i © 1 EE aye wan puta hee [ithe unksows recor of egutson made acces fhe etic Sue caret dest o the ioe [V] the voles easton vec and (27 sa dagopal mae rproeoting the peer esi empedane bic depend onthe ype of excuse the Fred exon sont ving vlogs are spied wo clemene eae of ean angle. Ti ype facitoncovespods te 27 = [0] In heceef free excitation econ Ealale pone pe of el 27] #0 Hew 12) te impelance mars (GF the aay with Zu lent en by Fue EE i { Ql, ky Fate By), yl, ~~ 02.30) swhre Flt fy) ithe Fourier com of the exunion me on dio Falke by) std ley) te dtned in (12.18) bee tbs fs cer ‘bead egos ate pies in (2-17). Since f1229) formule the Sholay the onder of ina te of ean nN NM a ‘NoNuray ah A npanson miles on mach pl, For «ped dpa tay sagen ode fd abs ey gd appruinaion 3)“The wage vs ements in (VY) fr one expansion mse pe ple ca be wien V=cxpjhleesindycord + ysindysindy)] (230) whe (my) th ation ofthe cnr ofthe ch ioe and (By. ) Tepes aoa scanning dieson The aie erion otic "0. 8) Ihe nh doe cn be esate rom (1221) aig the ap peace, sich ee by 20. 6) (way “The (0) tem ified sah hat day ic conugt mcd tothe broad san impedence [7 34). Asan isa empl, Figure 12 computes ih an lesion il (0, fore cnterlemen oO "THETA. ita sin cit in pt eth on 28 From © TEE Med prison) rig and A of Miu An ray » 419919 ioe aay with [4 ofan nie sy of die pale Gn a subrnte with e+ 259 and thicken b= 0.19dy. The fine ay ‘how sca Bada a= 5.8" nthe E plane bese |B] = 1. Hower [he sume san angle [R° [forthe eter cnet ofthe ie ayes ‘han unity wich inch hs ples dln power enero “Th pow lbelg tard fom ether dpa the cry. The pone sins the int inpeance ai cou the Bn aya observed he roles Fgte 12.22, which dont tbe vaiton of [Rh he Clement poston paricy neta an Minds w 8 = 458°. “Tae example mpeg ets of ice wats and ul coupling inthe ray. Bese he sure wate power des pot ante tthe desi ‘Geom, epee power loin the say. Hence, the ae peromance ‘io be doce in ee rato efieny 9 which eine (3) (39) here ite ong power the arty nd oe he tice wave power ‘in be cle fom (24) ad (25, Ri te ELEMENT POSITION ‘ne OYA, = 25am © 18 IEE Reid wit emison)‘ Fg 12.23 shows eficiny plas ver Elna angle fr vais says of eile sto tne denen Fge (23. Eienay Ices withthe aay seal a angles xp thee near 458° whe the etiieny apy decrees wih the lerening aay sn Fo the ia tay the ecency bere aro athe 455° ar, which ithe blind ‘nl Ania end can slob red am eon eve het aes ible in Tecan be gently cond that de ably ofthe aay wo aie is avery dada eu the san Bnd ager fr ln sal aye Tre protably prune in aray desig tol the manu ean angle o shout 10" ler than dhe an inde angle 126 Monolithic tegrated Phased Arrays Eves chugh phued ary antennas pss my dia eer sch ae pen cont, dearnzly anne bam, and Lm pi cm en Inj deawback and mt thar nay appa The co ge os: o7 EFFICIENCY om 0 «60 THETA _ Dig nd Ae of My tn ray m sed say ig ecly rat othe umber feet, which spicy ‘the oder a 1.00 10000 or even ore Hes spc methods te ned or ving sing ad mung ty mers or es “The concept of monolithic ay is very promising fe achivng the sp oflorerngprdement can troughthe pace low fe the fae fon andaembiyof mene acne snd psive device ad coals is Ain the same ep. Des an be tegen cements, ‘hs mining cee lomes wich an Be probe fr ey ge me Jangiion of ee deve sch ar ampli dove radatng Senet an farther eahance te say eliiency. Monat rays have te potato bermorevlabie and vpee sce the aay ox pce Cement semen Fue 1224 demonstra ba bysemswndeenal echoes ‘eed forthe prodacinn of ntl ued says Micoip ues te vey stati candee aatig eet sine ey a comple ith Imowliieitegred irae extnsagy Gene design semester inetd pnd sey are gen in the fing sco, 1261 Design Considerations ‘Gener design considerations frigate phase ay in be amma flows 1. Theft condeon nt sate aeton. A high-permitty ‘burs as GaAsina pelted choi foraive devices mee raising mene prs ttc inter raion ee) ‘nd bandwith on Tow bre One the design apn fo we ro lyr of surat whee the loer fr tein Clement and he higher frac device mnming nd fe cee 2 Coniderssosof scan binds wil eens the coe fara pei ad chicks and posi cme pai, which shad Eevloced inch way dt teeing i ange is aie the specified maim san sel. igure 1225 ener on nds eur sbet peiviy fr voscemctspcingy and Suse “hetnes (3) “Arny fed network seein ha oe conse wih ead 60 ‘spc edo, complet, an avail of subset el ‘ae Spur aan can acl rere mh he main ate ‘elon eligi sida nde plaraon evel depaation ‘Theron sou be hp ani by wing an ce ed sqmem ory bing te al network fen eta nennb Ani of ee F325 Sen nae glee se iy nit pa le fray mth eet ncn at sr ie ines hse am 4 Thea management mae be nade in he aay sign conser Aan Hew dpran meets cn ut src conta on the posse coi fay confgueton sce coming Ses muse ‘hur ied wale space withthe components 5. Alay ilove a mr fry component For ily nd opel, ay aches soul be cose ht wold low mach ofthe icin and sembly procs be ao te posible 1262 Aray Architectures In grea aac ca be cso vicki conigions 1s sbown in igure 12.2636), The bckeooepene sy depth eo aco ‘bee Ed cet modes bch are tng aranged vo the plane of a {aliaing ape Exh mele contin our components wick may ‘ela perder amplifies, ps es, eel dat, ad coking ‘pues ements such ashi ioe and ee ped do ate resale with heb cong Therck rake compo id malic pre 124 Base spon ad coy sateene128 concep ef ma ry Aes we on Bl ©) Moun ad negara Stat tchncogy fr ow-at fbviion, A dple aay with Sek configuration shown in Fare 12270) (7 Inthe le coco radiating element inthe me plan x Sd rit. Honevers muller onan, in which aig cemens, IRF power divin, and ont cree om cpa lie te mo lic (o be ulna do 1 rl ene pic in cmmdning ed new. Malte aangemens may poe problem sacha ba igen god ‘eal eaupigberwen boards, etal epunsion ad beat rer Suitable aking lene Halo miseatp patches, pied dipoles, and be Monolbi ingae ciat echology iho compa with shee axrangenen fr lwo bation. Exmp fico aye with le re shown in Figure 12.270) and (or elder asl rons pecivey[7,38) One empleo cosaton ‘cea wry wht sce Br D9 Aah Ha acm om B82 1 Merwe Ia Bad whFe pre 120 eave ‘an ao be found in (37, which dct he deropnent oF mono Ba ary for EHF stl termi References 18) Gala, REF) Zhen ADP Me New Ye 1B) Ham Cf) Mom Sami En al A, Aen Now 18) iy 8 VC nC. ha an dof had ra re. ‘Wipe ea 2 1) MEM ym pn sg Hm Nt Mins, RJ hed ne Ho Ac Hs Nona MA 98 os) wo rig and Aa of inp Ain ay » Popaon Vo API Ie pp II SES a ee ee mee otene Sedat Piet aot Seep te fy So SA oar irate econo ert Cvige mere weer ae Merb cca ret irmcekcbenl erie atta oo iby cy esa SEER beet tte od inte watt Caen ee mpeg tna aie arta ee oh opi neler ang ees mecehpremete mean oenioe pam eee nee eh errs mative Feri pine elt ntt Soar ana ey aa nee Rae Sig a ett ate teu try te pat tt EE MTS bmpOt gar ea rtd ve ema) Rd ly a tt ee paceman ae epee ws estar 12} Pour, D. M, and D. H, Schouten, _ eo natin ne oo peor aan {ae Car he” IE Tm enol Pau, Vl AP, om Senn eit Meh Miwon Vl 3 pS = {Se 48 Rl Dh ed eA 1) Maen, Jy "Mi had Ae Mam Nk 33 pa SE Communion Tein A om na Ay of sai rate cad Poe 86 Appendix A Substrates for Microstrip Antennas 'AA Substrate Characteristics for Microstrip Antenna Design “The fie spin designing an ate ito coat an appropriate subrre “The hdc in mtn senna pinay ceed forte mei see efinsnucna metdan, Popov tt suppor. the sb ees rrr eed tea whch pny et ted pomance SERTEMRas Stews and taunnn ine A sbsrate met dete Sintlanny say the eel and eda eee which (Oetme diel eet ‘Subst hice and elton ean eset pat ofthe design proce doce. Many sabes pop nodobe conser. The dies consa erat dhcraraion with serpesare a equeny, bomen Pe ei heal cco andemperatre ag densa ai Foor ess and wenpertrhumiy sepia and thks nmi eee er impanance Sty her physic prope, se tine wo chemicals soe and suctura srengs, Benly Te Mati impr roan, sin ce, formal, booby, and ‘Rhee charter en cd important bist. "The luge range of PTFE (pleat) polpene pay cic plphenlne, ania, apie, xe erinapeti le nd careers nal oie conse exit inte coie Fr Slntne br pana appliasons. Thee sno Hel abort: bes, {he dice depends on the appliatins Foe isanc, conn micrsp beeen heres quency pias ei i lec conn so kp the ne ol: Micro atch atesdow deci conan burn, when tpt a tna marquee igh dicen eonane marr “Theva urs can rupee caer cera emo coy, eimai ses, ahd ome]. The main characteris ‘there pope ae decid sexe ALA Ceramic Substrates “The most commonly we ceramic abate fr microrpciaisaumin| (li0p) It ar deine ceric chases soc 3 low ln ad Ts Alien wi egueny Howe neta herr diel {o proce achanly Breage ieee dell he dough the ‘ene Moroney, mas sie mit bythe cation poet 0 Bou fin tn Sapp hhe monoenalie frm of sun. ees tener lca caters han alumina, bts hg aot in tare and very eee, Ian be sed row ln appios tle Sve ocak, Chante of laina and spp re Usted in Tale Anumber of oie ceramic masa aval wih aging bewsen 20 and 190. A high dec conan wel 10 ae impose fedactons a lw misomaneRequeces (dow 1 GH). Te we of eamic ‘tna subses ined a micowae oie cae these mera lnmot be manfred in pe dimen. A12. Semicondctr Substrates ‘Semiinslaingo igen semizodactr Hk ior Gasca be wed fer paive ces and antennas, Howee, thee of aa semicon dcr ‘bese sal ob ad at roe Bequest the fle exepion ting mole ltegtedanenas a lee ams [3] Charts f gh ein Ga and Sous ested n Table ‘AAS. Ferimapntic Sb “The sof erie subuts has bce ery popul (3)-Thete abate ae Anioopin sateThe aed YC suet hae lie permit) Tae in the so 16 range and geeraly hue low dec Tw (and fo Fete 10 GHe i O01), The ona eqoeney of ¢mictosp pach Akg on fst abr depend on he ising magnetic Pld Ts ‘seb oslo 486 9 some case cn be ean by waying Seer fo Moi tos i 3 I Sion 10 0) spe tat te = rape mr ie ced yaya at (onus‘rt At esi Men ss ae ek Shee fr Marr Aes ~ a heb onthe ite materi without strolling dation charac ‘ofthe ane Mager spestrae soften adn combination with dike cyber tothe partomance single cement ran aa pecially (hele) 0 the deed peste, ih ALA. Symbetie Substrates | ‘Amur of pure onan ti ce commonly wea uber. Thee Include PTFE or Ton pases, pljoli, and plyperiene. Thaw "nets poses ow os and Tow permit ute for mrp amen However thee mechani proper ae ls than denble, bese the ‘tra eso and wna wh fengerare, The mou cmon ofthe ‘phe mbeatrPTFE o&Telan anyen,plghenyt, td pl | Propylene The chacrivin of some of tee sara led in ie Ans8, | ALS Composite Matava Subsuates Sate manures have id to cine the aati of wut 1 bic mater obuin he dota il nd mesh prope. The | ‘eng man ae called ops mutt By ning Gr waren trandoe. quar oreraein natal propaion othe niyo i ties hdarhepepeua seeded eset nc i pateay open crash a fat 21 tnd eaeo00s wba te cis Stee kas i ‘ela ne Ai Ale hoe ess en lags op Siena pebaebalcloepeia ete ee Sam Giant ant na esl pond oe ee Frelioet peteer caterer rear | eaatpaeeschee eC ‘ALS Low-Cost Lowetos Substtes 7 “radoclmicrsripatena micomive foci we subst sach AS PTFE, qe apd booqeamb fr good radiation effec. These lle ‘lee deel performance, but he eaing nb ana of oo gh for commer cian sppcnions sich dae omic communication, diet boulsing slic rcon, ad oon. The pie ffs mu produce! prod snes aly lat othe abe ed iL ane oe, Epos FRA) se widely tl teal alow enc anne oye(aero Impeoasmo — 2m0+0m oon? Irovowet ise amt inten oa frwoweos Sours ams ties ss en" Yosam amt Sra 0 eae” Smt | ss i SEES he St ae ihe SSR NE tee Fetenomr hoe Siw foctee t w Foxit sd gl ot on lw con, eae avy, and es of fbricon| {mcr sengthe high low gene and elie varable lei coane Tis wae ro fesenoe ow shout 1 GHe or, Rec sabre Imeufocures hae induced new mri ha provide pod elec per Fermance reno pa, Tate AS some of thaw now sobs. ‘Thess gens ate compare oer sanded mwa tea The fas a tos | [mio a tmz moa Komi) Font = Saher fr Meiers “oc athe ew miner i ce meine tha forthe rion somave abuts dase xs aprons tat of eons. or omparionepory/e (FRA) ira leeds highs ange! sould be we ALD Substrata Anisotropy Anioropy i fine a he dependence ofthe maleate dete constant fmtheorestion ofthe applied ele Fld. To alan deel end ‘neha proper asbrat nab ler mater gree ed “Ling the proses of tube manufscring. The ile hve 4 een | to-anme pefered orenatons. Tht may led earpiece in me the saat lin pose, The PTFE based composts ily» id sion "The al ofthe dc conat que bythe maces genet ally fr theese when the applied ler el along the tikes the ‘hes which easly sien information for mor micros abenns wk The eign shoul, home cxtetly check forthe snitopic eft 0 the wbte ater and eran she eles of anowopy on the des. ‘Matheny he permit fn atopic arte can beep served by acon ak ten yi othe rm (353) an For iy ip onan es nto 100 (i : ‘) ws he nis apc om we (5 “°) re wht the # dition eke along the hicks ofthe subsite Mos of Ge PTFE asl composte sobre re my unailyanopie with